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Submitted URL: https://email.vecnarobotics.com/e3t/Ctc/GF*113/d2jyWk04/VX9dn236KslfW3528635QNW71W3GjFly51M-LZN6R-BZW3qgyTW8wLKSR6lZ3nWW5M2Rlw7y...
Effective URL: https://www.vecnarobotics.com/resources/automatic-guided-vehicles-introduction/?utm_campaign=Newsletter&utm_medium=email&_hsmi...
Submission: On August 03 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.vecnarobotics.com/resources/automatic-guided-vehicles-introduction/?utm_campaign=Newsletter&utm_medium=email&_hsmi...
Submission: On August 03 via api from US — Scanned from DE
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CALCULATOR
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Escape slow retooling and out-of-control labor costs, with automation that makes
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See how Automation Solves
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Why Vecna Robotics
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Labor shortages Supply chain disruptions Reshoring E-Commerce Operations
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Make your business go
Get more done with the only flexible, intelligent solution engineered for
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Automation Technology
AUTOMATIC GUIDED VEHICLES 101 AND THE FUTURE
Published Mar 3, 2023
Author Staff
Read Time 5 min read
The advent of Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs), also commonly referred to as
Automated Guided Vehicles, caused a sharp shift upward on the evolutionary scale
for warehouse operations. AGV systems have proven to be an efficient way of
moving goods around a warehouse facility with minimal human input, reducing
costs and improving safety simultaneously.
WHAT IS AN AGV?
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are material handling systems used to transport
materials and products within facilities such as factories, warehouses,
distribution centers, and shipping areas. AGVs are designed to operate
autonomously to pick and load products and transport them from one location to
another.
They are equipped with sensors and software that allow them to navigate, detect
obstacles, and avoid collisions with other vehicles and objects. AGVs can be
used to handle a wide range of products and materials, are easily integrated
into existing operations, and are a safe and secure way to increase process
efficiency and improve business profitability by reducing human error and labor
costs while increasing productivity.
THIS ARTICLE GIVES AN OVERVIEW OF AGV SYSTEMS:
* Differences of AGVs and AMRs
* Basic types of AGVs
* How they’ve changed over time
* How they’re used
* The benefits of AGVs
As we dive into the various AGV solutions, you can glimpse the future, giving
you a helpful framework for making informed decisions when contemplating which
automated solution is right for your business.
With over 5 billion pallets in circulation and 70% of the total cost of moving
those pallets being labor – combined with severe labor shortages – automatic
guided vehicles indeed represent a durable solution for the future.
AGVS VERSUS AMRS
Before probing into the kinds of AGVs used by most warehouses and factories,
let’s differentiate between AGVs and Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs).
The automatic guided vehicle is an older technology that has morphed into the
AMR. The terminology can be confusing because although AMRs are a more modern
form of AGV, and the two terms really represent different things, people will
often use the terms interchangeably. Technically, that’s valid, even though the
two ideas have come to designate distinct concepts.
The route of an AGV is historically defined by physical infrastructure such
as:
* laser targets mounted to racks and columns
* colored or magnetic tape on the floor
* visual markers placed on
* walls
* shelves
* stationary equipment,
* wires embedded into the flooring.
Some modern AGVs use more modern, infrastructure-free navigation such as lidar
or vision. However, the defining characteristic of AGVs are that they always
travel along a predetermined pathway. If something gets in their way, the AGV
must stop and call for help. It cannot deviate from its prescribed path.
On the other hand, an Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR) carries a facility map in
its computer memory. It needs no particular infrastructure to navigate. Once
assigned a destination, the AMR can choose its own way of getting there. Most
often, an AMR will choose the shortest route. But if an obstacle blocks its way,
the AMR can swerve around it. An AMR can also plan out and travel via an
entirely different route if it needs to avoid an obstruction. The AMR has a
navigation system made up of multiple onboard sensors like cameras and lasers
that enable it to be aware of its environment so that it can safely maneuver.
For more on the distinctions between AGVs and AMRs, see the white paper:
Everything you need to know about AMR and AGV Navigation and why it matters.
TYPES OF AUTOMATIC GUIDED VEHICLES
AGVs come in all shapes and sizes, from small, low-slung, lightweight carts to
massive tractors carrying hundreds of thousands of pounds – and everything in
between. Here, we look at the most commonly used automatic guided vehicles for
the warehouse and factory.
DECK-LOAD OR UNIT-LOAD AGVS
Videos of rectangular, orange hockey puck-style AGVs in an Amazon fulfillment
center sliding underneath yellow shelving units have millions of views on
YouTube, so many people have seen a deck-load AGV. Sometimes called an “under
ride,” this type of AGV has a configurable, flat top for supporting multiple
types of payloads / attachments, and most often positions itself under its load
and lifts it up slightly before carrying it to the destination.
AUTOMATIC TOW TRACTORS
As the name suggests, this kind of AGV functions like a railroad engine, towing
one or several carts behind it. Also called tugger AGVs, these automated tow
tractors can transport substantial amounts of cargo efficiently.
ROBOTIC FORKLIFTS
Among the most versatile and often-used industrial vehicles, the manually
driven, powered forklift is on its way to being replaced by robotic forklifts.
Modern, automated forklift trucks can not only travel without a driver within a
facility, but they can also easily hand off goods to conveyor belts, wrappers,
and pallet racks.
Closely related but optimized for longer ground-level hauls, the Automated
Pallet Truck (APT) is used for cross-docking and sortation, as well as picking
and put-away tasks.
Automatic forklifts dramatically reduce labor and increase safety.
AUTOMATED PALLET JACK
For those in-between jobs, the manual pallet jack is a go-to tool. The modern,
automated form is a collaborative robot that increases productivity and
throughput. Most often used for those workflows that don’t seem to fit into
other categories, the co-bot pallet jack handles finished goods and
work-in-process products. Designed for ease of movement within constrained
spaces, the automated pallet jack excels at micro workflows like waste disposal,
empty pallet transport, and other similar, low-value-added tasks.
Internal simulations and field tests by Vecna Robotics show an automatic pallet
jack can improve throughput by 45% as compared to manual methods.
WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR YOUR LOGISTICS?
A new generation of Automatic Guided Vehicles is revolutionizing the material
handling industry and helping to streamline day-to-day operations. The era
unfolding before us features Autonomous Mobile Robots that offer enhanced
flexibility, capability, and throughput when compared to traditional methods. If
you’re looking for ways to automate your material handling operations, reach out
to an experienced, knowledgeable Vecna representative who can help you determine
what kinds of automatic guided vehicles – think autonomous mobile robots – will
give the best return on investment for your application.
If you’re ready to get started with an initial assessment, contact us to set up
an appointment with a Vecna Robotics automation expert.
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