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NEW POPULATION COUNTS FOR NEARLY 1,500 RACE AND ETHNICITY GROUPS






NEW POPULATION COUNTS FOR NEARLY 1,500 RACE AND ETHNICITY GROUPS



   //
 * Census.gov /
 * America Counts: Stories /
 * New Population Counts for Nearly 1,500 Race and Ethnicity Groups


CENSUS BUREAU RELEASES 2020 CENSUS POPULATION FOR MORE THAN 200 NEW DETAILED
RACE AND ETHNICITY GROUPS

September 21, 2023
Written by:
Alli Coritz, Jessica E. Peña, Paul Jacobs, Brittany Rico, Joyce Key Hahn, and
Ricardo Henrique Lowe, Jr.

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Today's release of new 2020 Census data provides population counts of nearly
1,500 race and ethnicity groups and American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN)
tribes and villages.

Some of the most noticeable improvements include the addition of White and Black
or African American write-in areas on the questionnaire and the tabulation of
detailed Some Other Race responses. These improvements allowed us to provide
counts for groups that did not receive data from the race question in previous
censuses.

More than 350 million detailed responses to the race and ethnicity questions
were collected in the 2020 Census — six times more than in the 2010 Census due
to improvements to the race and Hispanic or Latino origin (referred to as
Hispanic origin) questions design, data processing and coding procedures.

Some of the most noticeable improvements include the addition of White and Black
or African American write-in areas on the questionnaire and the tabulation of
detailed Some Other Race responses. These improvements allowed us to provide
counts for groups that did not receive data from the race question in previous
censuses.

As a result, detailed data are now available for 104 White groups (Dutch,
Lebanese, etc.), 62 Black or African American groups (Congolese, Grenadian,
etc.) and 22 Some Other Race groups (Brazilian, Belizean, etc.).

The 2020 Census also marks the first time we are releasing data for regional
groups, including Middle Eastern and North African, Caribbean, Sub-Saharan
African, Polynesian and more.

The Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics File A (Detailed DHC-A)
released today provides population counts for:

 * 30 detailed and four regional Hispanic origin groups.
 * 270 detailed race groups.
 * 1,187 AIAN tribes and villages.
 * 24 regional race groups.

In this release, detailed groups reported in the race question have both “alone”
and “alone or in any combination” counts.

The “alone” count represents the minimum number of people who identified as that
detailed group, and includes respondents with only one response, such as
Hungarian.

The “alone or in any combination” count represents the maximum number of people
who identified as that detailed group. It includes respondents with only one
response, such as Hungarian, and those with multiple, such as Hungarian and
Romanian or Hungarian and Black or African American.

This information is important to frame the discussion of racial and ethnic
composition and help us understand our country’s changing demographics as the
nation becomes much more multiracial.

Following the 1997 Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal
Data on Race and Ethnicity [PDF <1.0 MB], only a single response was tabulated
in response to the Hispanic origin question.


LARGEST U.S. DETAILED RACE RESPONSES

With the inclusion of new write-in areas, we were able to tabulate detailed
responses for all major race categories for the first time.

 * Among White respondents, English was the most common detailed group reported
   in 2020 (Table 1). Over 25.5 million people reported English alone, and 46.6
   million people reported English alone or in any combination.


 * Among Black or African American respondents, African American was the largest
   detailed group, with 22.1 million people reporting African American alone and
   24.6 million reporting African American alone or in any combination (Table
   2).


 * The largest alone and alone or in any combination groups differed for AIAN
   tribes and villages (Table 3). The largest detailed AIAN alone group was
   Aztec (387,122), which was one of the new examples included in the 2020
   Census race question, while Cherokee (1.5 million) was the largest detailed
   alone or in any combination group.


 * Among Asian respondents, Asian Indian (4.4 million) was the largest detailed
   alone group (Table 4). Chinese, except Taiwanese (5.2 million) was the
   largest detailed alone or in any combination group.


 * The most reported detailed Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI)
   group was Native Hawaiian: nearly 200,000 people identified as Native
   Hawaiian alone, and 680,442 identified as Native Hawaiian alone or in any
   combination (Table 5).


 * The vast majority (93.9%) of respondents classified as Some Other Race alone
   were of Hispanic origin. 
   
   
 * The Brazilian population was the largest detailed Some Other Race group,
   excluding Hispanic responses and “Multiracial and Multiethnic” responses,
   such as “Biracial,” to the race question (Table 6). There were 145,180
   Brazilian alone responses and 524,382 Brazilian alone or in any combination
   responses.




DETAILED HISPANIC ORIGIN POPULATION

The Mexican population (35.9 million) was the largest detailed Hispanic origin
group in 2020 (Table 7). The next largest were Puerto Rican, Salvadoran, Cuban
and Dominican.



The data visualization shows the size and rankings of even more detailed race
and ethnicity groups for the nation, states and counties.

Note: Select the image to go to the interactive data visualization.


MORE GROUPS ELIGIBLE FOR POPULATION COUNTS THAN EVER BEFORE

In addition to the new detailed White, Black or African American, Some Other
Race and regional groups, there were improvements to the code list and
tabulations to ensure more detailed Asian, NHPI, AIAN and Hispanic origin groups
were available in 2020. These updates include:

 * New tabulations for detailed Asian groups: Afghan, Kazakh, Sikh, Uzbek, and
   more.
   
   
 * New tabulations for NHPI groups: Maori, Nauruan, Solomon Islander, and more.
   
   
 * New tabulations for detailed Afro Descendent Hispanic origins: Afro-Latino
   and Garifuna.
   
   
 * Lowered population thresholds, which means more detailed AIAN, Asian, NHPI
   and Hispanic origin groups have published population counts in 2020 than in
   2010.
   
   
 * Based on consultation with tribal leaders, tribal groupings are not included
   but detailed AIAN tribes and villages are.


WHAT TYPES OF DATA EXIST FOR MY GROUP?

We understand the critical importance of providing disaggregated data for myriad
population groups, and the goal of this release is to provide as much data at
various geography levels for as many detailed racial and ethnic groups and AIAN
tribes and villages [XLS <1.0 MB] as confidentiality protections will allow.

To achieve this, the Detailed DHC-A uses an adaptive design [PDF 10.6 MB] to
determine the amount of data published based on population size and geography
level:

 * At the nation and state levels, detailed and regional groups of all sizes
   will have total population counts.
   
   
 * Detailed groups with populations of 22 or more will have total population
   counts at county, census tract and place levels, as well as American
   Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian (AIANNH) areas.
   
   
 * Regional groups with populations of at least 94 will have total population
   counts at county, census tract and place levels.
   
   
 * The adaptive design will use thresholds that vary by geography to determine
   eligibility for sex-by-age tables.


HOW TO COMPARE DETAILED RACE AND ETHNICITY DATA TO THE 2010 CENSUS

Data comparisons between the 2020 Census and 2010 Census race data should be
made with caution, taking into account the improvements we have made to the race
question and the ways we code what people tell us.

Some of these improvements include differences in how race groups were tabulated
in 2010 compared to 2020. For example:

 * In 2010, “Sikh” was tabulated as “Asian Indian.” In 2020, it was tabulated on
   its own.
   
   
 * In 2010, there was a “Guamanian or Chamorro” checkbox. In 2020, the checkbox
   was updated to “Chamorro.”
   
   
 * In 2010, “Niuean” was tabulated as “Tokelauan.” In 2020, it was tabulated on
   its own.
   

However, the detailed Hispanic origin data from the ethnicity question are
comparable between the two censuses.

For similar updates, data users can reference the Detailed Race and Ethnicity
Crosswalk: 2010 to 2020 [XLS <1.0 MB], the 2010 Census Hispanic or Latino Origin
and Race Code Lists [PDF 4.5 MB] and the 2020 Census Hispanic Origin and Race
Code List [XLS <1.0 MB] for how specific groups were coded in both censuses.


GUIDANCE IS AVAILABLE IN OUR TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

The Detailed DHC-A is unlike other data products most data users are familiar
with, such as the American Community Survey (ACS) and previous decennial census
releases.

To help data users get the most out of the Detailed DHC-A data, the technical
documentation [PDF 10.6 MB] includes guidance on topics such as:

 * Comparing to the ACS.
   
 * Calculating percentages.
 * Suppressed counts.
 * Data aggregation.
 * Margins of error.

The technical documentation [PDF 10.6 MB] also discusses some of the known
inconsistencies data users may encounter when using the Detailed DHC-A and
provides details about the privacy protections implemented to ensure
confidentiality.



DATA VISUALIZATION

Visualization
Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the U.S. and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census
Explore population counts for detailed race and ethnicity groups and American
Indian and Alaska Native tribes and villages for the nation, states, and
counties.





RELATED INFORMATION

The technical documentation [PDF 10.6 MB] provides more information on data
quality and how the Census Bureau collects, codes and tabulates statistics on
race and Hispanic or Latino origin.

Information on the application of differential privacy and data accuracy for the
2020 Census at various levels of geography are available on the 2020 Census Data
Products: Disclosure Avoidance Modernization webpage.



2020 CENSUS DETAILED DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS FILE A ON AMERICA
COUNTS

TODAY - 9/21

Related Information

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 * Overview of Race and Ethnicity
 * Asian Population
 * Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population
 * Middle Eastern and North African Population



9/26

Related Information

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 * Hispanic or Latino Origin Population



10/3

Related Information

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 * American Indian and Alaska Native Population



10/10

Related Information

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 * White Population



10/17

Related Information

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 * Black or African American Population



10/24

Related Information

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 * Some Other Race Population



All the authors are in the Census Bureau’s Population Division:

Alli Coritz is a demographic statistician in the Racial Statistics Branch.

Jessica E. Peña is a senior researcher in the Race/Ethnicity Research and
Outreach Area.

Paul Jacobs is a demographic statistician in the Racial Statistics Branch. 

Brittany Rico is a demographic statistician in the Racial Statistics Branch.

Joyce Key Hahn is a demographic statistician in the Foreign-Born Population
Branch.

Ricardo Henrique Lowe, Jr. is a demographic statistician in the Ethnicity and
Ancestry Branch.

This story was filed under:

Ethnicity
 
Hispanic Origin
 
Population
 
Race
 
Racial and Ethnic Diversity
 


RELATED STATISTICS

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Multiracial Heritage Week: June 7-14, 2023
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The 2020 Census shows the U.S. “Two or More Races” population at 33.8 million —
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RELATED AMERICA COUNTS STORIES

Population
Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020
Detailed 2020 Census data on 41 Asian groups released today show Chinese, Except
Taiwanese, was largest Asian alone or in any combination group.


Population
3.5 Million Reported Middle Eastern and North African Descent in 2020
Detailed data available from the 2020 Census for 26 Middle Eastern and North
African groups.


Population
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2020 Census data released this month provides detailed counts of 31 Native
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MORE STORIES

Population
3.5 Million Reported Middle Eastern and North African Descent in 2020
Detailed data available from the 2020 Census for 26 Middle Eastern and North
African groups.


Population
Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020
Detailed 2020 Census data on 41 Asian groups released today show Chinese, Except
Taiwanese, was largest Asian alone or in any combination group.


Population
Detailed Look at Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Groups
2020 Census data released this month provides detailed counts of 31 Native
Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) groups.


Population
New Population Counts for Nearly 1,500 Race and Ethnicity Groups
The Census Bureau releases official population counts for more than 200 new
detailed race and ethnicity groups.



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