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Home

 * Home
   
   * Site Map
   * Acronyms and Glossary
 * What is DID?
   
   * Myths and Misconceptions
   * Basics
     
     * DID in the DSM-5
       
       * DSM-5 and ICD 10
     * Symptoms
     * Presentation
     * Prevalence
     * Diagnosis
   * Alters
     
     * Alter Functions
     * Alter Ages
     * Non-Human Alters
     * Cores
     * Systems and Subsystems
     * Internal Worlds
   * Identity Alteration
     
     * Switching and Passive Influence
     * Time Loss, Black Outs, and Co-con
     * Splitting
   * DID in History
     
     * Famous People with DID
       
       * DID in the Media
       * I Am Not Sybil
 * Cause and Development
   
   * Types of Trauma
     
     * Abuse of Males
     * Reactions to Disclosure
   * Insecure and Disorganized Attachment
     
     * Traumatic Bonding
   * Structural Dissociation
     
     * ANP and EP
     * Primary Structural Dissociation
     * Secondary Structural Dissociation
     * Tertiary Structural Dissociation
     * Structural Dissociation and Cores
     * Problems with the Theory
   * Synthesis of Models
 * Comorbid and Related Conditions
   
   * Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
     
     * Reactive Attachment Disorder
     * Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
     * Complex-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
   * Dissociative Disorders
     
     * Dissociative Amnesia
     * Depersonalization / Derealization
     * OSDD and UDD
       
       * OSDD-1 Compared to DID
   * Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
     
     * Conversion Disorder
       
       * Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures
     * Factitious Disorder
   * Personality Disorders
     
     * Borderline Personality Disorder
     * Antisocial Personality Disorder
     * Narcissistic Personality Disorder
   * Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
   * Anxiety Disorders
   * Feeding and Eating Disorders
   * Developmental Disorders
 * Treatment
   
   * Integration
   * Grounding Techniques
 * Controversy and Validity
   
   * DID in Children
   * DID Around the World
   * Iatrogenic and Sociocognitive Models
   * DID Validity
   * Repressed Memories
     
     * SRA Panic
     * False Memories
     * Repressed Memory Validity
     * Assessing Repressed Memories
   * Malingering
     
     * Factitious and Malingered DID
 * Resources
   
   * Hotlines and Crisis Resources
   * Reporting Child Abuse
 * Disclaimer and Contact
   
   * About the Author
   * Privacy Policy
   * Acknowledgements
 * Participate in Research!




.



 * Home
   * Site Map
     
   * Acronyms and Glossary
   
 * What is DID?
   * Myths and Misconceptions
     
   * Basics
     * DID in the DSM-5
       * DSM-5 and ICD 10
       
     * Symptoms
       
     * Presentation
       
     * Prevalence
       
     * Diagnosis
     
   * Alters
     * Alter Functions
       
     * Alter Ages
       
     * Non-Human Alters
       
     * Cores
       
     * Systems and Subsystems
       
     * Internal Worlds
     
   * Identity Alteration
     * Switching and Passive Influence
       
     * Time Loss, Black Outs, and Co-con
       
     * Splitting
     
   * DID in History
     * Famous People with DID
       * DID in the Media
         
       * I Am Not Sybil
   
 * Cause and Development
   * Types of Trauma
     * Abuse of Males
       
     * Reactions to Disclosure
     
   * Insecure and Disorganized Attachment
     * Traumatic Bonding
     
   * Structural Dissociation
     * ANP and EP
       
     * Primary Structural Dissociation
       
     * Secondary Structural Dissociation
       
     * Tertiary Structural Dissociation
       
     * Structural Dissociation and Cores
       
     * Problems with the Theory
     
   * Synthesis of Models
   
 * Comorbid and Related Conditions
   * Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
     * Reactive Attachment Disorder
       
     * Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
       
     * Complex-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
     
   * Dissociative Disorders
     * Dissociative Amnesia
       
     * Depersonalization / Derealization
       
     * OSDD and UDD
       * OSDD-1 Compared to DID
     
   * Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
     * Conversion Disorder
       * Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures
       
     * Factitious Disorder
     
   * Personality Disorders
     * Borderline Personality Disorder
       
     * Antisocial Personality Disorder
       
     * Narcissistic Personality Disorder
     
   * Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
     
   * Anxiety Disorders
     
   * Feeding and Eating Disorders
     
   * Developmental Disorders
   
 * Treatment
   * Integration
     
   * Grounding Techniques
   
 * Controversy and Validity
   * DID in Children
     
   * DID Around the World
     
   * Iatrogenic and Sociocognitive Models
     
   * DID Validity
     
   * Repressed Memories
     * SRA Panic
       
     * False Memories
       
     * Repressed Memory Validity
       
     * Assessing Repressed Memories
     
   * Malingering
     * Factitious and Malingered DID
   
 * More
   * Resources
     * Hotlines and Crisis Resources
       
     * Reporting Child Abuse
     
   * Disclaimer and Contact
     * About the Author
       
     * Privacy Policy
       
     * Acknowledgements
     
   * Participate in Research!


MISSION STATEMENT

This site aims to fill a void of comprehensive yet accessible resources
pertaining to trauma and dissociation. It serves to promote awareness and
understanding of a variety of topics related to dissociative identity disorder,
other dissociative disorders, trauma, and trauma's effects. It achieves this by
presenting current research and validated sources to the general public in a
more easily understandable form. A secondary aim of this website is to promote
connecting dissociative trauma survivors to research studies in order to
contribute to scientific progress on these subjects.







DISSOCIATION


SYMPTOMS




Dissociation is a disconnection between one’s conscious awareness and aspects of
one’s environment, experiences, or perceptions. Dissociation is very common, so
much so that some claim that it is the third most common mental health symptom.
Individuals can experience dissociation for many reasons. Causes or triggers can
vary from temporary stress to clinical anxiety to chronic childhood trauma. In
some cases, dissociation can serve as a coping mechanism and buffer individuals
from overwhelming life circumstances. However, when dissociation is severe or
long lasting, it can be disabling.






DISSOCIATIVE


DISORDERS




The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) includes five dissociative
disorders. These are dissociative identity disorder (DID), dissociative amnesia
(DA), depersonalization/derealization disorder (DPDR), other specified
dissociative disorder (OSDD), and unspecified dissociative disorder (UDD).
However, these are not the only conditions in which dissociation plays a
prominent role. Somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder,
trauma-and-stressor-related disorders, and borderline personality disorder can
also be conceptualized as primarily or often dissociative in nature.
Additionally, dissociation has been found in many individuals with anxiety
disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders,
and obsessive-compulsive disorders.




Despite this, dissociation is poorly known and poorly understood. Neither the
general public nor most mental health practitioners know much about
dissociation, how to recognize it, or how to treat it. As a result, many
individuals with clinical dissociation or dissociative disorders suffer in
silence.




Types of Dissociative Disorders





DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (DID)




Out of all of the dissociative disorders, DID is perhaps the best known and yet
the most poorly understood. Previously known as multiple personality disorder,
DID is plagued by myths and misconceptions that are spread by the media, general
public, and professionals alike. Though a wealth of evidence supports that the
disorder results from repeated childhood trauma, DID is frequently portrayed as
the result of fantasy, the need to repress socially unacceptable desires, a
single moderately traumatic childhood experience, or adult trauma.Though DID is
in no way related to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, the media consistently
confuses these conditions. Focus is always aimed at the most unique aspect of
dissociative identity disorder, the numerous alternate personalities that it
results in, but attention is rarely given to symptoms of derealization and
depersonalization, to co-morbid posttraumatic stress disorder or depression, or
to the intense feelings of denial, shame, betrayal, and isolation that are so
common among survivors. Time loss is a well known symptom of DID, but passive
influence is not. Doubt in the disorder is treated like a personal position on
the validity of a myth instead of a sign of pervasive ignorance that emphasizes
the need for current research to be more widely shared and understood.




DID in the DSM-5





POPULAR PAGES




MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

There are many myths and misconceptions surrounding dissociative identity
disorder, such as what the disorder is, how it forms, and how it is treated.


SWITCHING AND PASSIVE INFLUENCE

Switching refers to one alter taking control of the body at the expense of
another alter, being given control by another alter, or gaining prominence over
another alter. Passive influence can be described as intrusions from alters that
are not currently prominent in the mind or using the body.





COMPARING DID AND OSDD-1

The most important difference between individuals with DID and OSDD-1 is the way
in which they experience their alters. While alters for individuals with DID can
be highly distinct and are associated with some amnesia, one or both of these
are not the case for those wih OSDD-1.


ALTER FUNCTIONS

It is important to remember that different systems have different needs, and
systems may not have an alter for every listed job. Alters may hold multiple
roles or roles that are unique to the system, and an alter's roles can change
over time.





INTEGRATING DISSOCIATED PARTS

Integration is lowering dissociative barriers to gain consistent access to all
memories, thoughts, and emotions. It can additionally involve (and is often used
synonymously with) fusion of alters. It is a common treatment for parts-based
dissociative disorders.


GROUNDING TECHNIQUES

Grounding techniques are techniques that are used to prevent, dull, or distract
from dissociation, flashbacks, switching, panic attacks, self harm, addiction
cravings, or other negative emotions, internal experiences, or impulses. They
work by engaging the senses and occupying the mind in a non-destructive fashion.






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personal information is not collected on this website, and the data collected is
not sold to or shared with third party services. For more information on the
data that this website collects and how to opt out, please visit the Privacy
Policy page. Continued use of the website indicates agreement with this policy.




All content on this website is provided for the purpose of general information
only. It is not intended to be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis
and treatment. Please consult a licensed professional before making any
healthcare decisions or for guidance about potential mental health conditions.




This website was last updated 6/22/2024.

This webpage was last updated 11/12/2021.




This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
International License by Katherine Reuben.




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