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MYOCARDITIS SEVEN TIMES MORE LIKELY WITH COVID-19 THAN VACCINES



Leer en español

September 26, 2022Penn State College of Medicine News

The risk of developing myocarditis — or inflammation of the heart muscle — is
seven times higher with a COVID-19 infection than with the COVID-19 vaccine,
according to a recent study by Penn State College of Medicine, scientists.
Patients with myocarditis can experience chest pains, shortness of breath or an
irregular heartbeat. In severe cases, the inflammation can lead to heart failure
and death.
“Our findings show that the risk of myocarditis from being infected by COVID-19
is far greater than from getting the vaccine,” said Dr. Navya Voleti, a resident
physician in the Department of Medicine at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey
Medical Center. “Moving forward, it will be important to monitor the potential
long-term effects in those who develop myocarditis.”
Myocarditis is one of the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although
vaccines have been shown to reduce severe COVID-19 symptoms, heart complications
have been associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination — particularly myocarditis
in teenage boys. However, the relative risk of myocarditis due to vaccines and
infections had not been well characterized in large studies.
The Penn State team conducted the largest study to date on the risk of
developing myocarditis as a result of having the coronavirus vs. experiencing
inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination. The researchers compared patients
with COVID-19 — vaccinated and unvaccinated — to those without the virus. They
found the risk of myocarditis was 15 times higher in COVID-19 patients,
regardless of vaccination status, compared to individuals who did not contract
the virus.
Next, the researchers separately compared the rates of myocarditis in those who
received the vaccines to those in unvaccinated individuals. According to the
findings, the rates of myocarditis in people who were vaccinated against
COVID-19 were only twofold higher than in unvaccinated people.
Based on all the findings, the researchers concluded that the risk of
myocarditis due to COVID-19 was seven times higher than the risk related to the
vaccines.
Investigators conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 studies
published worldwide from December 2019 through May 2022. The studies included
nearly 58 million patients who reported cardiac complications and belonged to
one of two groups: the 55.5 million who were vaccinated against COVID-19
compared to those who were not vaccinated (vaccination group), and the 2.5
million who contracted the virus compared to those who did not contract the
virus (COVID-19 group).
In the vaccination group, the researchers separately compared the risk of
myocarditis for various COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA (Pfizer, Moderna),
Novavax, AstraZeneca and Johnson and Johnson. The median age of the study
population was 49 years; 49% were men; and the median follow-up time after
infection or COVID-19 vaccination was 28 days.
The researchers found that among those diagnosed with myocarditis after
receiving the vaccine or having COVID-19, the majority (61%) were men. Of
patients diagnosed with myocarditis in both vaccination and COVID-19 groups,
1.07% were hospitalized and 0.015% died.
“COVID-19 infection and the related vaccines both pose a risk for myocarditis.
However, the relative risk of heart inflammation induced by COVID-19 infection
is substantially greater than the risk posed by the vaccines,” said Dr. Paddy
Ssentongo , a resident physician in the Department of Medicine at Penn State
Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and the lead author of the study. “We
hope our findings will help mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccine
uptake.”
Surya Reddy from Osmania Medical College also contributed to this research.
The researchers declare no conflicts of interest or specific funding for this
research.
Read the full study in Frontiers.

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