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BASICS OF COMPUTER NETWORKING

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Computer Networking is the practice of connecting computers together to enable
communication and data exchange between them. In general, Computer Network is a
collection of two or more computers. It helps users to communicate more easily.
In this article, we are going to discuss the basics which everyone must know
before going deep into Computer Networking. 

Computer Networking


HOW DOES A COMPUTER NETWORK WORK?

Basics building blocks of a Computer network are Nodes and Links. A Network Node
can be illustrated as Equipment for Data Communication like a Modem, Router,
etc., or Equipment of a Data Terminal like connecting two computers or more.
Link in Computer Networks can be defined as wires or cables or free space of
wireless networks.



The working of Computer Networks can be simply defined as rules or protocols
which help in sending and receiving data via the links which allow Computer
networks to communicate. Each device has an IP Address, that helps in
identifying a device.


BASIC TERMINOLOGIES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

 * Network: A network is a collection of computers and devices that are
   connected together to enable communication and data exchange.
 * Nodes: Nodes are devices that are connected to a network. These can include
   computers, Servers, Printers, Routers, Switches, and other devices.
 * Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that govern how data is
   transmitted over a network. Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and
   FTP.
 * Topology: Network topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of
   nodes on a network. The common network topologies include bus, star, ring,
   mesh, and tree.
 * Service Provider Networks: These types of Networks give permission to take
   Network Capacity and Functionality on lease from the Provider. Service
   Provider Networks include Wireless Communications, Data Carriers, etc.
 * IP Address: An IP address is a unique numerical identifier that is assigned
   to every device on a network. IP addresses are used to identify devices and
   enable communication between them.
 * DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol that is used to translate
   human-readable domain names (such as www.google.com) into IP addresses that
   computers can understand.
 * Firewall: A firewall is a security device that is used to monitor and control
   incoming and outgoing network traffic. Firewalls are used to protect networks
   from unauthorized access and other security threats.


TYPES OF ENTERPRISE COMPUTER NETWORKS

 * LAN: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that covers a small area, such
   as an office or a home. LANs are typically used to connect computers and
   other devices within a building or a campus.
 * WAN: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic
   area, such as a city, country, or even the entire world. WANs are used to
   connect LANs together and are typically used for long-distance communication.
 * Cloud Networks: Cloud Networks can be visualized with a Wide Area Network
   (WAN) as they can be hosted on public or private cloud service providers and
   cloud networks are available if there is a demand. Cloud Networks consist of
   Virtual Routers, Firewalls, etc.

These are just a few basic concepts of computer networking. Networking is a vast
and complex field, and there are many more concepts and technologies involved in
building and maintaining networks. Now we are going to discuss some more
concepts on Computer Networking.



 * Open system: A system that is connected to the network and is ready for
   communication. 
 * Closed system: A system that is not connected to the network and can’t be
   communicated with.


TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Computer Network falls under these broad Categories:

 * Client-Server Architecture: Client-Server Architecture is a type of Computer
   Network Architecture in which Nodes can be Servers or Clients. Here, the
   server node can manage the Client Node Behaviour.
 * Peer-to-Peer Architecture: In P2P (Peer-to-Peer) Architecture, there is not
   any concept of a Central Server. Each device is free for working as either
   client or server.


NETWORK DEVICES

An interconnection of multiple devices, also known as hosts, that are connected
using multiple paths for the purpose of sending/receiving data or media.
Computer networks can also include multiple devices/mediums which help in the
communication between two different devices; these are known as Network devices
and include things such as routers, switches, hubs, and bridges. 

Network Devices


NETWORK TOPOLOGY

The Network Topology is the layout arrangement of the different devices in a
network. Common examples include Bus, Star, Mesh, Ring, and Daisy chain. 



Network Topology


OSI MODEL 

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It is a reference model that
specifies standards for communications protocols and also the functionalities of
each layer. The OSI has been developed by the International Organization For
Standardization and it is 7 layer architecture. Each layer of OSI has different
functions and each layer has to follow different protocols. The 7 layers are as
follows: 

 * Physical Layer
 * Data link Layer
 * Network Layer
 * Transport Layer
 * Session Layer
 * Presentation Layer
 * Application Layer


PROTOCOL

A protocol is a set of rules or algorithms which define the way how two entities
can communicate across the network and there exists a different protocol defined
at each layer of the OSI model. A few such protocols are TCP, IP, UDP, ARP,
DHCP, FTP, and so on. 


UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS OF NETWORK 

Hostname: Each device in the network is associated with a unique device name
known as Hostname. Type “hostname” in the command prompt(Administrator Mode) and
press ‘Enter’, this displays the hostname of your machine. 
 

HostName


IP Address (Internet Protocol address):  Also known as the Logical Address, the
IP Address is the network address of the system across the network. To identify
each device in the world-wide-web, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) assigns an IPV4 (Version 4) address as a unique identifier to each device
on the Internet. The length of an IPv4 address is 32 bits, hence, we have 232 IP
addresses available. The length of an IPv6 address is 128 bits.
Type “ipconfig” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this gives us the IP
address of the device. 

MAC Address (Media Access Control address): Also known as physical address, the
MAC Address is the unique identifier of each host and is associated with its NIC
(Network Interface Card). A MAC address is assigned to the NIC at the time of
manufacturing. The length of the MAC address is: 12-nibble/ 6 bytes/ 48
bits Type “ipconfig/all” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this gives us
the MAC address. 

Port: A port can be referred to as a logical channel through which data can be
sent/received to an application. Any host may have multiple applications
running, and each of these applications is identified using the port number on
which they are running. 

A port number is a 16-bit integer, hence, we have 216 ports available which are
categorized as shown below: 

Port TypesRangeWell known Ports0 – 1023Registered Ports1024 – 49151Ephemeral
Ports49152 – 65535

Number of ports: 65,536 
Range: 0 – 65535 
Type “netstat -a” in the command prompt and press ‘Enter’, this lists all the
ports being used. 

List of Ports

Socket: The unique combination of IP address and Port number together is termed
a Socket. 


OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS 

DNS Server: DNS stands for Domain Name System. DNS is basically a server that
translates web addresses or URLs (ex: www.google.com) into their corresponding
IP addresses. We don’t have to remember all the IP addresses of each and every
website. The command ‘nslookup’ gives you the IP address of the domain you are
looking for. This also provides information on our DNS Server. \

Domain IP Address

ARP: ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. It is used to convert an IP
address to its corresponding physical address(i.e., MAC Address). ARP is used by
the Data Link Layer to identify the MAC address of the Receiver’s machine. 

RARP: RARP stands for Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. As the name suggests,
it provides the IP address of the device given a physical address as input. But
RARP has become obsolete since the time DHCP has come into the picture.




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EXPONENTIAL INTERACTIVE, INC D/B/A VDX.TV

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ADMAXIM LIMITED

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INDEX EXCHANGE INC.

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BEESWAXIO CORPORATION

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SOVRN, INC.

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RTB HOUSE S.A.

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NEXXEN INC.

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YAHOO EMEA LIMITED

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ADVENTORI SAS

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XANDR, INC.

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NEORY GMBH

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NEURAL.ONE

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TABOOLA EUROPE LIMITED

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MAGNITE, INC.

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RATEGAIN ADARA INC

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SIFT MEDIA, INC

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RAKUTEN MARKETING LLC

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LUMEN RESEARCH LIMITED

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AMAZON AD SERVER

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OPENX

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YIELDLAB (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH)

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ROKU ADVERTISING SERVICES

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SIMPLIFI HOLDINGS LLC

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PUBMATIC, INC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

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Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


COMSCORE B.V.

Cookie duration: 720 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


FLASHTALKING

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles,
Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PULSEPOINT, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SMAATO, INC.

Cookie duration: 21 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


SEMASIO GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Device identifiers, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CRIMTAN HOLDINGS LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


GENIUS SPORTS UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles,
Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CRITEO SA

Cookie duration: 390 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles,
Probabilistic identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ADLOOX SA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics,
Probabilistic identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


BLIS GLOBAL LIMITED

Cookie duration: 400 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


LOTAME SOLUTIONS, INC

Cookie duration: 274 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


LIVERAMP

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


GROUPM UK LIMITED

Cookie duration: 395 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


LOOPME LIMITED

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location
data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


DYNATA LLC

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ASK LOCALA

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
identifiers, Precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NEAR INTELLIGENCE

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


DOUBLEVERIFY INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


BIDSWITCH GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


IPONWEB GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NEXTROLL, INC.

Cookie duration: 183 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ID5 TECHNOLOGY LTD

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics,
Privacy choices, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


TEADS FRANCE SAS

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


STRÖER SSP GMBH (SSP)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


OS DATA SOLUTIONS GMBH & CO. KG

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


PERMODO GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PLATFORM161 B.V.

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ADACADO TECHNOLOGIES INC. (DBA ADACADO)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


BASIS GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


SMADEX, S.L.U.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: User-provided data, IP addresses, Non-precise
location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


BOMBORA INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


EASYMEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


REMERGE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ADVANCED STORE GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


MAGNITE CTV, INC.

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


DELTA PROJECTS AB

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


USEMAX ADVERTISEMENT (EMEGO GMBH)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


EMETRIQ GMBH

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PUBLICIS MEDIA GMBH

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


M.D. PRIMIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Cookie duration: 25 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ONETAG LIMITED

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES S.A.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SMARTOLOGY LIMITED

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


IMPROVE DIGITAL

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ADOBE ADVERTISING CLOUD

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Privacy choices

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


BANNERFLOW AB

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


TABMO SAS

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location
data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic
identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE (INCORPORATING ADMANTX)

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


WIZALY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


WEBORAMA

Cookie duration: 393 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


JIVOX CORPORATION

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location data, Privacy
choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SAGE+ARCHER BV

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ON DEVICE RESEARCH LIMITED

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location
data, Device characteristics

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ROCKABOX MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device characteristics

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


EXACTAG GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics,
Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CELTRA INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers, Precise location
data, Device characteristics

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


MAINADV SRL

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


GEMIUS SA

Cookie duration: 1825 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, Device identifiers,
Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


THE KANTAR GROUP LIMITED

Cookie duration: 914 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH LTD.

Cookie duration: 120 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


SOLOCAL SA

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location
data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


PIXALATE, INC.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ORACLE ADVERTISING

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


NUMBERLY

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


AUDIENCEPROJECT APS

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


DEMANDBASE, INC.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location
data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


EFFILIATION / EFFINITY

Cookie duration: 2 (days).

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


SEENTHIS AB

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device characteristics

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch


COMMANDERS ACT

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Device identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


TRAVEL AUDIENCE GMBH

Cookie duration: 397 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived
identifiers, Precise location data, Device characteristics, Users’ profiles,
Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


HUMAN

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
identifiers, Device characteristics, Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


ADLUDIO LTD.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


BLENDEE SRL

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


INNOVID LLC

Cookie duration: 90 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


PAPIRFLY AS

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Device characteristics

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


NEUSTAR, INC., A TRANSUNION COMPANY

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


VERVE GROUP EUROPE GMBH

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


OTTO (GMBH & CO KG)

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Device identifiers, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


ADOBE AUDIENCE MANAGER, ADOBE EXPERIENCE PLATFORM

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


LOCALSENSOR B.V.

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
identifiers, Precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


ONLINE SOLUTION

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location
data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic
identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


RELAY42 NETHERLANDS B.V.

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


GP ONE GMBH

Cookie duration: Uses session cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


THE MEDIAGRID INC.

Cookie duration: 365 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Precise location data, Device
characteristics, Privacy choices, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


MINDTAKE RESEARCH GMBH

Cookie duration: 180 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic
identifiers

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


CINT AB

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


VIDAZOO LTD

Cookie duration: 31 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


GOOGLE ADVERTISING PRODUCTS

Cookie duration: 396 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline


GFK GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, User-provided data,
IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device identifiers,
Authentication-derived identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy choices,
Users’ profiles

more

Uses other forms of storage.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


REVJET

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Device
identifiers, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch
Consent


PROTECTED MEDIA LTD

Doesn't use cookies.

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Probabilistic identifiers

more




View details | Privacy policylaunch
Legitimate interesthelp_outline


CLINCH LABS LTD

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

Data collected and processed: Browsing and interaction data, IP addresses,
Non-precise location data, Device identifiers, Device characteristics, Privacy
choices, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers

more

Cookie duration resets each session.


View details | Privacy policylaunch
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ORACLE DATA CLOUD - MOAT

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HEARTS AND SCIENCE MÜNCHEN GMBH

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AMAZON ADVERTISING

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MOLOCO, INC.

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ADTRIBA GMBH

Cookie duration: 730 (days).

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OBJECTIVE PARTNERS BV

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ENSIGHTEN

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EBAY INC

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HURRA COMMUNICATIONS GMBH

Cookie duration: 366 (days).

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KUEEZ ENTERTAINMENT LTD.

Cookie duration: 30 (days).

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