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TURPIN

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Archbishop of Reims, date of birth uncertain; d. 2 Sept., 800. He was a monk of
St. Denis when, about 753, he was called to the See of Reims. With eleven other
bishops of France he attended the Council of Rome in which Pope Stephen III
condemned the antipope Constantine to perpetual confinement. He enriched the
library of his cathedral by having numerous works copied, and obtained from
Charlemagne several privileges for his diocese. Legends grew up around his life,
so that by degrees he becomes an epic character who figures in numerous chansons
de geste, especially in the "Chanson de Roland". Furthermore, a chronicle known
as the "Historia Karoli Magni et Rotholandi" has been attributed to him; but
that he was not the author is proved by the use in the chronicle of the word
"Lotharingia" which did not exist prior to 855, the mention of the musical chant
written on four lines, a custom which does not date back further than 1022, and
finally the silence of all the writers of the ninth and tenth centuries
regarding this so-called book of Turpin's. The first to mention him is Raoul de
Tortaine, a monk of Fleury, who wrote from 1096 to 1145. At the same time
Calistus II regarded the book as authentic, and its diffusion revived the
fervour of the pilgrimages to St. James of Compostella. In it is related an
apparition of St. James to Charlemagne; the saint orders the emperor to follow
with his army the direction of the Milky Way, which was thenceforth called the
"Path of St. James". Gaston Paris considers that the first five chapters of the
chronicle attributed to Turpin were written about the middle of the eleventh
century by a monk of Compostella, and that the remainder were written between
1109 and 1119 by a monk of St. André de Vienne. This second part has a real
literary importance, for the monk who wrote it derived his inspiration from the
chansons de geste and the epic traditions; hence there may be seen in this
compilation a very ancient form of these traditions. The chronicle was
translated into Latin and French as early as 1206 by the cleric Jehan, in the
service of Renaud de Dammartin, Count of Boulogne. Editions according to various
manuscripts have been issued at Paris by Castets (1880) and at Lund by Wulff
(1881).

SOURCES

GASTON PARIS, De pseudo Turpino (Paris, 1865); AURACHER, Der altfranzösische
Pseudo-Turpin der Arsenalhandschrift in Romanische Forschungen, V (1889-90);
FISQUET, La France potificale: Reims (Paris, 1864).

ABOUT THIS PAGE

APA citation. Goyau, G. (1912). Turpin. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York:
Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15103a.htm

MLA citation. Goyau, Georges. "Turpin." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New
York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912.
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15103a.htm>.

Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Vivek Gilbert John
Fernandez. Dedicated to Catholic writers, past and present.

Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.

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