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Course Index Explore Programiz
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* LEARN PYTHON INTERACTIVELY
* PYTHON INTRODUCTION
* Getting Started
* Keywords and Identifier
* Python Comments
* Python Variables
* Python Data Types
* Python Type Conversion
* Python I/O and Import
* Python Operators
* Python Namespace
* PYTHON FLOW CONTROL
* Python if...else
* Python for Loop
* Python while Loop
* Python break and continue
* Python Pass
* PYTHON FUNCTIONS
* Python Function
* Function Argument
* Python Recursion
* Anonymous Function
* Global, Local and Nonlocal
* Python Global Keyword
* Python Modules
* Python Package
* PYTHON DATATYPES
* Python Numbers
* Python List
* Python Tuple
* Python String
* Python Set
* Python Dictionary
* PYTHON FILES
* Python File Operation
* Python Directory
* Python Exception
* Exception Handling
* User-defined Exception
* PYTHON OBJECT & CLASS
* Python OOP
* Classes & Objects
* Python Inheritance
* Multiple Inheritance
* Operator Overloading
* PYTHON ADVANCED TOPICS
* Python Iterator
* Python Generator
* Python Closure
* Python Decorators
* Python Property
* Python RegEx
* Python Examples
* PYTHON DATE AND TIME
* Python datetime Module
* Python datetime.strftime()
* Python datetime.strptime()
* Current date & time
* Get current time
* Timestamp to datetime
* Python time Module
* Python time.sleep()
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POPULAR EXAMPLES
Add two numbers
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Print the Fibonacci sequence
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All Python Examples
* LEARN PYTHON INTERACTIVELY
* PYTHON INTRODUCTION
* Getting Started
* Keywords and Identifier
* Python Comments
* Python Variables
* Python Data Types
* Python Type Conversion
* Python I/O and Import
* Python Operators
* Python Namespace
* PYTHON FLOW CONTROL
* Python if...else
* Python for Loop
* Python while Loop
* Python break and continue
* Python Pass
* PYTHON FUNCTIONS
* Python Function
* Function Argument
* Python Recursion
* Anonymous Function
* Global, Local and Nonlocal
* Python Global Keyword
* Python Modules
* Python Package
* PYTHON DATATYPES
* Python Numbers
* Python List
* Python Tuple
* Python String
* Python Set
* Python Dictionary
* PYTHON FILES
* Python File Operation
* Python Directory
* Python Exception
* Exception Handling
* User-defined Exception
* PYTHON OBJECT & CLASS
* Python OOP
* Classes & Objects
* Python Inheritance
* Multiple Inheritance
* Operator Overloading
* PYTHON ADVANCED TOPICS
* Python Iterator
* Python Generator
* Python Closure
* Python Decorators
* Python Property
* Python RegEx
* Python Examples
* PYTHON DATE AND TIME
* Python datetime Module
* Python datetime.strftime()
* Python datetime.strptime()
* Current date & time
* Get current time
* Timestamp to datetime
* Python time Module
* Python time.sleep()
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PYTHON TUTORIALS
* Python Function Arguments
* Python User-defined Functions
* Python Lambda/Anonymous Function
* Python Mathematical Functions
* Python map()
* Python Decorators
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PYTHON FUNCTIONS
A function is a block of code that performs a specific task.
Suppose, you need to create a program to create a circle and color it. You can
create two functions to solve this problem:
* create a circle function
* create a color function
Dividing a complex problem into smaller chunks makes our program easy to
understand and reuse.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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TYPES OF FUNCTION
There are two types of function in Python programming:
* Standard library functions - These are built-in functions in Python that are
available to use.
* User-defined functions - We can create our own functions based on our
requirements.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PYTHON FUNCTION DECLARATION
The syntax to declare a function is:
def function_name(arguments):
# function body
return
Here,
* def - keyword used to declare a function
* function_name - any name given to the function
* arguments - any value passed to function
* return (optional) - returns value from a function
Let's see an example,
def greet():
print('Hello World!')
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Here, we have created a function named greet(). It simply prints the text Hello
World!.
This function doesn't have any arguments and doesn't return any values. We will
learn about arguments and return statements later in this tutorial.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALLING A FUNCTION IN PYTHON
In the above example, we have declared a function named greet().
def greet():
print('Hello World!')
Now, to use this function, we need to call it.
Here's how we can call the greet() function in Python.
# call the function
greet()
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE: PYTHON FUNCTION
def greet():
print('Hello World!')
# call the function
greet()
print('Outside function')
Run Code
Output
Hello World!
Outside function
In the above example, we have created a function named greet(). Here's how the
program works:
Working of Python Function
Here,
* When the function is called, the control of the program goes to the function
definition.
* All codes inside the function are executed.
* The control of the program jumps to the next statement after the function
call.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PYTHON FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
As mentioned earlier, a function can also have arguments. An argument is a value
that is accepted by a function. For example,
# function with two arguments
def add_numbers(num1, num2):
sum = num1 + num2
print('Sum: ',sum)
# function with no argument
def add_numbers():
# code
If we create a function with arguments, we need to pass the corresponding values
while calling them. For example,
# function call with two values
add_numbers(5, 4)
# function call with no value
add_numbers()
Here, add_numbers(5, 4) specifies that arguments num1 and num2 will get values 5
and 4 respectively.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 1: PYTHON FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
# function with two arguments
def add_numbers(num1, num2):
sum = num1 + num2
print("Sum: ",sum)
# function call with two values
add_numbers(5, 4)
# Output: Sum: 9
Run Code
In the above example, we have created a function named add_numbers() with
arguments: num1 and num2.
Python Function with Arguments
We can also call the function by mentioning the argument name as:
add_numbers(num1 = 5, num2 = 4)
In Python, we call it Keyword Argument (or named argument). The code above is
equivalent to
add_numbers(5, 4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE RETURN STATEMENT IN PYTHON
A Python function may or may not return a value. If we want our function to
return some value to a function call, we use the return statement. For example,
def add_numbers():
...
return sum
Here, we are returning the variable sum to the function call.
Note: The return statement also denotes that the function has ended. Any code
after return is not executed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 2: FUNCTION RETURN TYPE
# function definition
def find_square(num):
result = num * num
return result
# function call
square = find_square(3)
print('Square:',square)
# Output: Square: 9
Run Code
In the above example, we have created a function named find_square(). The
function accepts a number and returns the square of the number.
Working of functions in Python
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 3: ADD TWO NUMBERS
# function that adds two numbers
def add_numbers(num1, num2):
sum = num1 + num2
return sum
# calling function with two values
result = add_numbers(5, 4)
print('Sum: ', result)
# Output: Sum: 9
Run Code
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PYTHON LIBRARY FUNCTIONS
In Python, standard library functions are the built-in functions that can be
used directly in our program. For example,
* print() - prints the string inside the quotation marks
* sqrt() - returns the square root of a number
* pow() - returns the power of a number
These library functions are defined inside the module. And, to use them we must
include the module inside our program.
For example, sqrt() is defined inside the math module.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE 4: PYTHON LIBRARY FUNCTION
import math
# sqrt computes the square root
square_root = math.sqrt(4)
print("Square Root of 4 is",square_root)
# pow() comptes the power
power = pow(2, 3)
print("2 to the power 3 is",power)
Run Code
Output
Square Root of 4 is 2.0
2 to the power 3 is 8
In the above example, we have used
* math.sqrt(4) - to compute the square root of 4
* pow(2, 3) - computes the power of a number i.e. 23
Here, notice the statement,
import math
Since sqrt() is defined inside the math module, we need to include it in our
program.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BENEFITS OF USING FUNCTIONS
1. Code Reusable - We can use the same function multiple times in our program
which makes our code reusable. For example,
# function definition
def get_square(num):
return num * num
for i in [1,2,3]:
# function call
result = get_square(i)
print('Square of',i, '=',result)
Run Code
Output
Square of 1 = 1
Square of 2 = 4
Square of 3 = 9
In the above example, we have created the function named get_square() to
calculate the square of a number. Here, the function is used to calculate the
square of numbers from 1 to 3.
Hence, the same method is used again and again.
2. Code Readability - Functions help us break our code into chunks to make our
program readable and easy to understand.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
* Introduction
* Types of function
* Python Function Declaration
* Calling a Function in Python
* Example: Python Function
* Python Function Arguments
* Example 1: Python Function Arguments
* The return Statement in Python
* Example 2: Function return Type
* Python Library Functions
* Example 4: Python Library Function
* Benefits of Using Functions
VIDEO: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FUNCTIONS
Previous Tutorial:
Python Pass
Next Tutorial:
Function Argument
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