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Submission: On November 30 via api from NL — Scanned from CH
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<form id="InputsForm">
<p>
<label for="Investment">1) Insert the total capital holding of the investment fund(s) (In US dollars)</label>
<input id="Investment" type="text" data-id="investment" name="totalFund" data-format="0,000" value="">
<label for="Investment">USD.</label>
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<label for="InvestPercentage">2) Specify the percentage share of the fund’s total capital holding to be invested directly in renewable energy projects:</label>
<input id="InvestPercentage" data-id="target" type="text" name="investPercentage" data-format="0,000.00">
<label for="InvestPercentage"> percent of fund’s total value.</label>
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<label for="StartingYear">3) The fund will start to invest in the year</label>
<input type="number" id="StartingYear" maxlength="4" value="2017" data-id="starting year" name="start">
<label for="TargetYear">and the target to be reached in the year (max 2035)</label>
<input type="number" id="TargetYear" maxlength="4" value="2022" data-id="target year" name="target">
<label for="TargetYear">.</label>
</p>
<p></p>
<div class="inpne-box"> <a href="index.html#" id="AppRest" class="button">Reset</a></div>
<p></p>
</form>Text Content
ESTIMATE THE CLIMATE BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN RENEWABLE ENERGY WELCOME! What could be the potential climate benefits if your investment fund starts to put a certain percentage of its money directly into renewable energy? The calculator allows you to estimate how much a given amount of investment can contribute to build a more sustainable future where renewable sources of energy, such as wind, sun and water, provide our societies with the necessary energy. To use this tool, you only need a few data inputs on the size of the investor, and the investment's period, and our modelling tool will do the rest. You can also change all parameters in the table below under “background data”. MAIN RESULTS PRODUCED BY THE WEBCALCULATOR The following infographics give you an overview of the main results you can get from the calculator. How many new renewable power plants? How much new clean electricity? And how much greenhouse gases averted? NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY I NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY The model estimates how much new capacity is installed, given the chosen amount of investment and the energy mix. This estimate is calculated using IPCC’s figures “overnight costs” (in USD/kW), which indicates the capital cost, excluding finance cost for construction. In short, it indicates the cost of building a power plant overnight as if no interest were incurred. Please refer to the report for a detailed explanation of the methodology, and the limits of the estimate. Source of data: IPCC, AR5, Working Group 3, Annex III The result is compared with the average capacity of a wind turbine, which is approximateløy 3 MW. Source: The European Wind Energy Associationhttp://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/faq/ The result is also compared with the average nameplate capacity of a coal power generator (which might be different from a coal power plant, which can include more than 1 generator) in the US, which is 272 MW. Source: US’s Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_04_03.html EIA (Table 4.3) × -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 456 193 KW Equivalent (on average) to the installed capacity of 1 819 wind turbines or 20 coal-fired power generators. ELECTRICITY GENERATIONI ELECTRICITY GENERATION To illustrate the potential effect on greenhouse gas emissions we ask the following question: what are the associated emissions if the electricity generated from the investment would have been generated by a mix of fossil fuels? The calculations are based on the emissions factors provided by IPCC (in grams CO2eq. /kWh). The results are based on life-cycle emissions generated by the power plants funded by the investor.. × -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 707 158 459 KWH 13 707 158 459 KWh KWh annually, every year for 55 years. Enough electricity for 2 230 983 typical European citizens, every year for 55 years. AVERTED EMISSIONS BASED ON 55 YEARS OF INVESTMENTI AVERTED EMISSIONS BASED ON 55 YEARS OF INVESTMENT To illustrate the potential effect on greenhouse gas emissions we ask the following question: What are the associated emissions if the electricity generated from the investment would have been generated by a mix of fossil fuels instead? The calculations are based on the emissions factors provided by IPCC (in grams CO2 equivalent/kWh). The results are based on life-cycle emissions generated by the power plants funded by the investor. × -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 469 340 600 T CO2EQ 469 340 600 averted by investing in renewables instead of fossil fuels. Equivalent to 9 times Norway's annual GHG emissions, or 0,08 times US's annual GHG emissions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You can download all graphical elements and tables showing the results of your analysis, for use in both external and internal communication products, including social media. For information about the limitation of the calculation produced by this tool, please refer to the methodology chapter in the report for more details. DATA INPUTS: IT'S YOUR TURN! Now you have the possibility to create your own case study! Simply edit the following fields. The changes are automatically saved in your browser, and you can go back to default just by pressing the “Reset” button. For illustrative purposes, we have inserted similar numbers to the one we use in a case study of Norway’s sovereign wealth fund, which own almost 1 trillion USD in assets. Change these numbers with your own to create your personalized case. 1) Insert the total capital holding of the investment fund(s) (In US dollars) USD. 2) Specify the percentage share of the fund’s total capital holding to be invested directly in renewable energy projects: percent of fund’s total value. 3) The fund will start to invest in the year and the target to be reached in the year (max 2035) . Reset SUMMARY OF RESULTS: INFOGRAPHIC This is a graphical summary of all the main results. Elements are pre-arranged so that you can simply take a screenshot of the page, and have a product ready to be used. 2017 $ 15 340 000 000 IN RENEWABLE ENERGY 2022 THE DIVIDING OF INVESTMENTS IN THE VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIESI THE INVESTMENT IS ALLOCATED TO VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIESS The default mix of renewable power technologies is based on the latest energy scenarios of the International Energy Agency (IEA, World Energy Outlook 2014).The figures are based on what is needed to be installed worldwide, and refer to the first year of the chosen period. Data is based on the IEA’s New Policy Scenario until 2020, and the 450 scenario until 2035. For more info on the scenarios, see: http://www.iea.org/publications/scenariosandprojections/ × 27% hydro 6% bioenergy 36% wind 1% geothermal 28% solar pv 2% concentrated solar power NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY I NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY The model estimates how much new capacity is installed, given the chosen amount of investment and the energy mix. This estimate is calculated using IPCC’s figures “overnight costs” (in USD/kW), which indicates the capital cost, excluding finance cost for construction. In short, it indicates the cost of building a power plant overnight as if no interest were incurred. Please refer to the report for a detailed explanation of the methodology, and the limits of the estimate. Source of data: IPCC, AR5, Working Group 3, Annex III The result is compared with the average capacity of a wind turbine, which is approximateløy 3 MW. Source: The European Wind Energy Associationhttp://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/faq/ The result is also compared with the average nameplate capacity of a coal power generator (which might be different from a coal power plant, which can include more than 1 generator) in the US, which is 272 MW. Source: US’s Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_04_03.html EIA (Table 4.3) × 5 456 193 KW Equivalent (on average) to the installed capacity of 1 819 wind turbines or 20 coal-fired power generators. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ELECTRICITY GENERATIONI ELECTRICITY GENERATION To illustrate the potential effect on greenhouse gas emissions we ask the following question: what are the associated emissions if the electricity generated from the investment would have been generated by a mix of fossil fuels? The calculations are based on the emissions factors provided by IPCC (in grams CO2eq. /kWh). The results are based on life-cycle emissions generated by the power plants funded by the investor.. × 13 707 158 459 KWH 13 707 158 459 KWh KWh annually, every year for 55 years. Enough electricity for 2 230 983 typical European citizens, every year for 55 years. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AVERTED EMISSIONS BASED ON 55 YEARS OF INVESTMENTI AVERTED EMISSIONS BASED ON 55 YEARS OF INVESTMENT To illustrate the potential effect on greenhouse gas emissions we ask the following question: What are the associated emissions if the electricity generated from the investment would have been generated by a mix of fossil fuels instead? The calculations are based on the emissions factors provided by IPCC (in grams CO2 equivalent/kWh). The results are based on life-cycle emissions generated by the power plants funded by the investor. × 469 340 600 T CO2EQ 469 340 600 averted by investing in renewables instead of fossil fuels. Equivalent to 9 times Norway's annual GHG emissions, or 0,08 times US's annual GHG emissions. RESULTS This section provides a more comprehensive presentation of the results of your calculations, thanks to five pre-defined graphs. In addition, in the section called “Key results (tables)”, you will find all numbers in a table. This allows you to have a more detailed review as well as to develop other graphs of interest to you. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This graph shows how much money is invested annually (left bar) and how the investments build up to reach the target (right bar), that is 2%. Annual investmentCumulative investment20172018201920202021202205,000,000,00010,000,000,00015,000,000,00020,000,000,000 YearAnnual investmentCumulative investment20172,556,666,666.6672,556,666,666.66720182,556,666,666.6675,113,333,333.33320192,556,666,666.6677,670,000,00020202,556,666,666.66710,226,666,666.66720212,556,666,666.66712,783,333,333.33320222,556,666,666.66715,340,000,000 Cumulative investment Download Chart -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This graph visualizes the energy mix which is used to allocate the investment in every technology (based on the first year of the scenario). In short, the money invested every year are allocated to different technologies for the generation of renewable energy, according to this scheme. This default allocation is based on the International Energy Agency’s scenario for the investmed needed in the next years. Until 2020, the central scenario is used (New Policy Scenario), while after 2020 and until 2040 we chose the 450 scenario, which shows the path needed to limit global warming to 2-degrees Celsius. This is the goal that almost all countries in the world have agreed upon. Relative share that each technology has WITHIN its categoryhydrobioenergywindgeothermalsolar pvConcentrated solar powermarine26.6%28.3%36% TypePercentagehydro26.552bioenergy5.8wind36.047geothermal1.046solar pv28.278Concentrated solar power2.111marine0.166 marine Download Chart -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This graph shows how investments are allocated to the various renewable energy technologies. The default allocation or electricity mix is based on the IEA’s energy scenarios. The mix until 2020 is based on a central scenario (New Policy Scenario), while after 2020 and until 2035 it is based on the 450S scenario, which shows the path needed to limit global warming to 2-degrees Celsius. hydrobioenergywindgeothermalsolar pvConcentrated solar powermarinetotal20172018201920202021202201,000,000,0002,000,000,0003,000,000,000YearInvested, $ Yearhydrobioenergywindgeothermalsolar pvConcentrated solar powermarinetotal2017721,765,508.659142,724,526.781903,973,569.17918,893,218.898738,570,430.21329,261,001.0091,478,411.9282,556,666,666.6672018721,765,508.659142,724,526.781903,973,569.17918,893,218.898738,570,430.21329,261,001.0091,478,411.9282,556,666,666.6672019721,765,508.659142,724,526.781903,973,569.17918,893,218.898738,570,430.21329,261,001.0091,478,411.9282,556,666,666.6672020721,765,508.659142,724,526.781903,973,569.17918,893,218.898738,570,430.21329,261,001.0091,478,411.9282,556,666,666.6672021593,043,746.161159,377,132.876956,859,971.28942,478,817.899691,795,303.237103,363,749.2649,747,945.942,556,666,666.6672022593,043,746.161159,377,132.876956,859,971.28942,478,817.899691,795,303.237103,363,749.2649,747,945.942,556,666,666.667 total Download Chart -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This graph shows theoretically how much new capacity is installed every year: this means new solar panels and wind turbines, geothermal plants, hydropower dams, and so on. Electricity generation capacity indicates the maximum electric output a generator can produce. hydrobioenergywindgeothermalsolar pvConcentrated solar powermarinetotal2017201820192020202120220200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,000YearInstalled capacity, kW Yearhydrobioenergywindgeothermalsolar pvConcentrated solar powermarinetotal2017372,428.02341,562.18272,691.8763,704.553226,277.7055,624.952268.412922,557.7012018372,428.02341,562.18272,691.8763,704.553226,277.7055,624.952268.412922,557.7012019372,428.02341,562.18272,691.8763,704.553226,277.7055,624.952268.412922,557.7012020372,428.02341,562.18272,691.8763,704.553226,277.7055,624.952268.412922,557.7012021306,008.12546,411.512288,645.5428,329.18211,947.0919,870.0021,769.78882,981.2312022306,008.12546,411.512288,645.5428,329.18211,947.0919,870.0021,769.78882,981.231 total Download Chart -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This graph shows the theoretical amount of electricity generated every year for the lifetime of the power plants. In fact, every technology has a different life-cycle (see background table). For example, a hydropower plant is in operation for 50 years, while a wind turbine for 25 years. Data on average lifetime is provided by IPCC, and the user can edit it. This graph also lets you compare the annual electricity generation to a number of your choice. For example, youone can choose to compare it to the annual electricity generation of a country, or a city, or a power plant. Comparison fieldEnergy2017202020232026202920322035203820412044204720502053205620592062206520682071020,000,000,00040,000,000,00060,000,000,00080,000,000,000 YearComparison fieldEnergy201780,000,000,0003,281,835,344.273201880,000,000,0006,563,670,688.547201980,000,000,0009,845,506,032.82202080,000,000,00013,127,341,377.094202180,000,000,00016,210,853,273.106202280,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118202380,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118202480,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118202580,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118202680,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118202780,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118202880,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118202980,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203080,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203180,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203280,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203380,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203480,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203580,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203680,000,000,00019,294,365,169.118203780,000,000,00019,277,354,352.638203880,000,000,00019,260,343,536.158203980,000,000,00019,243,332,719.679204080,000,000,00019,226,321,903.199204180,000,000,00019,163,232,702.648204280,000,000,00017,888,402,598.082204380,000,000,00016,676,661,694.067204480,000,000,00015,464,920,790.052204580,000,000,00014,253,179,886.037204680,000,000,00013,020,170,774.715204780,000,000,00011,762,711,615.406204880,000,000,00011,738,261,567.42204980,000,000,00011,713,811,519.434205080,000,000,00011,689,361,471.448205180,000,000,00011,634,388,883.579205280,000,000,00011,579,416,295.71205380,000,000,00011,579,416,295.71205480,000,000,00011,357,058,631.68205580,000,000,00011,134,700,967.65205680,000,000,00010,912,343,303.62205780,000,000,00010,689,985,639.589205880,000,000,00010,441,684,049.349205980,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206080,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206180,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206280,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206380,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206480,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206580,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206680,000,000,00010,193,382,459.108206780,000,000,0008,387,106,547.345206880,000,000,0006,580,830,635.582206980,000,000,0004,774,554,723.82207080,000,000,0002,968,278,812.057207180,000,000,0001,484,139,406.028 Energy Here you can choose a comparison figure to give meaning to the graph. We provide some examples, but feel free to choose what you prefer. On this page you find a list of all countries' annual power generation. Download Chart BACKGROUND DATA This model relies on different datasets provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). These contain information on how many years a typical power plant is in operation, how many hours per year the generator is producing electricity, the emissions generated by different technologies, and the costs of building different types of power plants. The following tables includes all background data we use. You are of course free to edit it and make your own assumptions. Please let us know if you find more updated sources. Changes are automatically saved. You can download the tables in a .tsv format, which can be easily imported in excel or other office suites. * Background Data Tables INVESTMENT FORECAST Year 201720182019202020212022 Year Download data Table 1 shows all figures relative to the investor’s size, its growth forecast (CAGR) and the annual investments that will be made in renewables BACKGROUND DATA Table 2 shows the default data provided by IPCC and used in the model to derive installed capacity, power generation and emissions avoided. See the methodology section for further information. Type of technology CoalOilGasNuclearHydroBioenergyWindGeothermalSolar PVConcentrated solar powerMarine Type of technology Download data ELECTRICITY DATA TABLE year 20122020203020352040 year Download data Table 3 shows the energy scenario, based on the World Energy Outlook (2014) published by the IEA. This tables provided the electricity mix that is used to allocate the funding to different technologies. COMPARISON NUMBERS Table 4 provides some general comparison figures, used in the infpographics. Indicator Wind turbine, capacity average (2015)Coal power generator, capacity, average (2013)United States electricity generation (2011)European Union, electricity consumption per capita (2012)World annual GHG emissions, incl. LUCF (2011)US annual GHG emissionS, INCL. LUCF (2011) Indicator Download data KEY RESULTS (TABLES) In addition to the graphical representations of the main results, we provide a full overview of the numbers. Please expand the tables to get a detailed description. * Results Tables RESULTS HydroAnnual investment (USD)Electricity output, annual (kWh)Electricity output, lifetime (kWh)Installed capacity (kW)Hydro's share of investmentBioenergyAnnual investment (USD)Electricity output, annual (kWh)Electricity output, lifetime (kWh)Installed capacity (kW)Bioenergy's share of investmentWindAnnual investment (USD)Electricity output, annual (kWh)Electricity output, lifetime (kWh)Installed capacity (kW)Wind's share of investmentGeothermalAnnual investment (USD)Electricity output, annual (kWh)Electricity output, lifetime (kWh)Installed capacity (kW)Geothermal's share of investmentSolar pvAnnual investment (USD)Electricity output, annual (kWh)Electricity output, lifetime (kWh)Installed capacity (kW)Solar pv's share of investmentConcentrated solar powerAnnual investment (USD)Electricity output, annual (kWh)Electricity output, lifetime (kWh)Installed capacity (kW)Concentrated solar power's share of investmentMarineAnnual investment (USD)Electricity output, annual (kWh)Electricity output, lifetime (kWh)Installed capacity (kW)Marine's share of investment Download data ANNUAL POWER GENERATION FROM 6 YEARS OF INVESTMENTS 2017: 3 281 835 344 2018: 6 563 670 689 2019: 9 845 506 033 2020: 13 127 341 377 2021: 16 210 853 273 2022: 19 294 365 169 2023: 19 294 365 169 2024: 19 294 365 169 2025: 19 294 365 169 2026: 19 294 365 169 2027: 19 294 365 169 2028: 19 294 365 169 2029: 19 294 365 169 2030: 19 294 365 169 2031: 19 294 365 169 2032: 19 294 365 169 2033: 19 294 365 169 2034: 19 294 365 169 2035: 19 294 365 169 2036: 19 294 365 169 2037: 19 277 354 353 2038: 19 260 343 536 2039: 19 243 332 720 2040: 19 226 321 903 2041: 19 163 232 703 2042: 17 888 402 598 2043: 16 676 661 694 2044: 15 464 920 790 2045: 14 253 179 886 2046: 13 020 170 775 2047: 11 762 711 615 2048: 11 738 261 567 2049: 11 713 811 519 2050: 11 689 361 471 2051: 11 634 388 884 2052: 11 579 416 296 2053: 11 579 416 296 2054: 11 357 058 632 2055: 11 134 700 968 2056: 10 912 343 304 2057: 10 689 985 640 2058: 10 441 684 049 2059: 10 193 382 459 2060: 10 193 382 459 2061: 10 193 382 459 2062: 10 193 382 459 2063: 10 193 382 459 2064: 10 193 382 459 2065: 10 193 382 459 2066: 10 193 382 459 2067: 8 387 106 547 2068: 6 580 830 636 2069: 4 774 554 724 2070: 2 968 278 812 2071: 1 484 139 406 Download data METHODOLOGY Here we provide a short summary describing the modelling approach used in this calculator. For a more complete description of the methodology. SOURCES OF DATA All data used in the calculator are provided by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). AMOUNT OF INVESTMENT The first step in our modelling approach is to define the amount of investment that will form the basis for the subsequent calculations. In the calculator, you specify the market value of the fund(s) that you would like to test in your analysis. In addition, you specify a percentage share of that total market value which will be allocated directly to renewable energy investments. Considering that this is a time-series analysis, it may also be relevant to insert a certain growth rate of the fund. The calculator allows you to insert a compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Such data may be publicly available. Please note that by default CAGR in the calculator is set to 0 percent. We assume that the investor starts to invest in the first year and linearly build up to reach the target. For example, for a case where the investment starts in 2016 and where a target of 5 percent is set by 2020, the fund will invest 1 percent of its value every year for five years. For this modelling period, it is assumed that investments dedicated to infrastructure projects are “locked”, that is, once invested in one year, that financing is tied to a specific project throughout the modelling period. ALLOCATING INVESTMENTS TO DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES The annual investments are allocated to different renewable energy technologies in accordance with their derived share of the world’s annual added electrical capacity. The renewable energy mix used here is taken from the IEA’s World Energy Outlook 2014, where different climate scenarios are presented. Based on the data available, the calculator incorporates the IEA’s central scenario, called “New Policy Scenario” (NPS) for the period 2016-2019. For the year 2020-2035, the calculator incorporates data from the 450 scenario (450S). This implies that the larger part of investments will go to wind power, followed by hydropower and solar PV. These three technologies will attract approximately 90 percent of annual investment for the whole period. ESTIMATION OF ADDED RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY AND ASSOCIATED ELECTRICITY OUTPUT Once the amount of investment has been registered, the model calculates the new electricity generation capacity. Put differently: it estimates the typical amount of electricity generated from each technology. To calculate this, the model relies on three variables, all provided by IPCC: 1) Overnight capital cost (in USD/kW), which indicates the cost of building a power plant overnight as if there were no cost of capital. 2) Capacity utilization/full load hours (in hours): it expresses, for each technology, the number of hours that a generator would spend at full load if it always operated at that level. 3) Plant lifetime (in years), the number of years a typical power plant will be functioning. The added capacity will be represented by new hydropower plants, solar plants, wind parks, geothermal facilities, and so on. These plants will generate a given amount of clean electricity every year. Based on this, we finally calculate the total electricity generated over the lifetime of the power plant. It is important to note that this is not a practical investment case since there are a host of variables that would influence the actual financial viability of renewable energy projects, such as the presence of unforeseen costs during construction, financial costs, regulatory frameworks, and more. It should also be noted that we do not include future forecasts on how these factors will change due to technological progress, for instance reduced construction costs, increased efficiency and prolonged lifetime of the plants. ESTIMATING AVERTED EMISSIONS To illustrate the potential effect that the new renewable-based electricity generation capacity can have on greenhouse gas emissions (measured in carbon dioxide equivalent, CO2 eq.), we ask the following question: What are the associated theoretically averted GHG emissions if the electricity generated from renewables would have instead been generated from a mix of fossil fuels? To estimate this, we use emissions factors provided by IPCC (Table A.III.2), which define the GHG emissions produced to generate 1 kWh generated of electricity with different technologies, both renewables and fossil-based. Using the emission factors, we calculate emissions theoretically averted if the same amount of electricity would have been instead generated using a mix of coal, oil and gas. The lifetime emission produced by fossil fuels is then matched against the lifetime emission produced by renewable energy, and the difference between these emission levels constitute the amount of averted emissions. WWF-NORWAY’S REPORT WWF's Norway report “Five percent renewable energy investments in a two degrees world” was published in November 2015, and presents the model and some hypothetical case studies in which large institutional investors (pension funds, sovereign wealth fund, etc) invest a given amount of money in renewable energy infrastructure: solar and wind farms, geothermal plants, bioenergy, hydropower, marine. The model uses the latest data from the most authoritative sources, such as the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Click on the image to read the report online, or click here to download it. The report is accompanied by some infographics that summarize the main results for two case studies: Norway's sovereign wealth fund (GPFG) and all signatories of UNPRI. Click on the images to see the infographics online, or click here to download them. UNPRI (EN) GPFG (EN) GPFG (NO) ABOUT WWF is the world’s leading independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countries in 6 continents. Over 5 million people support our work. Our mission is to build a future in which people live in harmony with nature. We’re striving to safeguard the natural world, helping people live more sustainably and take action against climate change. WWF works worldwide to promote solutions, and renewable energy is one of these. WWF-Norway is asking the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund - the world’s largest with over USD 850 billion - to invest at least 5 percent in renewable energy infrastructure. For more information on our work, the report, and the web-calculator, please contact: * Lars Erik Mangset, Senior advisor sustainable finance, WWF Norway. Mail: lemangset@wwf.no * Stefano Esposito, Advisor sustainable finance, WWF Norway. Mail: sesposito@wwf.no En framtid der mennesker lever i harmoni med naturen. * Personvern * Etterbruk av innhold * Andre WWF sider * Tilbakemeldinger * Om wwf.no * RSS/Web Feeds Photos and graphics © WWF or used with permission. Text available under a Creative Commons licence. Web design and development by Edison Menlo and Erik Tanche Nilssen As.