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Submission: On September 18 via manual from US — Scanned from DE
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Posted inNews:Environment
WATER SYSTEM UPGRADES COULD REQUIRE MORE THAN $1 TRILLION OVER NEXT 20 YEARS
EPA studies show how aging infrastructure and climate change are driving
increasing financial needs
by Mollie Mills/Pew and Aleena Oberthur/Pew September 17th, 2024September 17th,
2024 Why you can trust The Current
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Water tower on Tybee Island, GA.
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Water quality projects needed to meet goals of the Clean Water Act will cost an
estimated $630.1 billion nationwide over the next 20 years, according to the
most recent Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS) conducted by the Environmental
Protection Agency. The survey was completed in 2022 and published in a report to
Congress in April.
The analysis comes on the heels of a second study, the most recent Drinking
Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment. That analysis, finalized last
September, found that water utilities nationwide will need to spend $625 billion
over the next 20 years to fix, maintain, and improve the country’s water
infrastructure. The two surveys together—one focused on wastewater and
stormwater and the other on drinking water systems—indicate a total
infrastructure funding deficit greater than $1.2 trillion over the next two
decades.
The watershed needs report, which highlighted a total unfunded national need of
$630.1 billion in 2022 dollars, indicates that clean water infrastructure needs
dealing primarily with wastewater and stormwater have risen 73% since the last
survey was completed in 2012. The survey, which the EPA is required to conduct
periodically under the Clean Water Act, initially enacted in 1972, evaluates the
capital investments needed to meet water quality regulations and address water
quality issues that affect public health. California, New York, Florida,
Virginia, Louisiana, and Georgia reported the highest needs and collectively
accounted for 42% of the national total.
The survey covers four areas: public wastewater, stormwater, nonpoint source
control, and decentralized wastewater treatment. Public wastewater treatment
involves publicly owned treatment works that treat, store, and recycle
wastewater; stormwater management involves controlling water runoff from rain or
snow; nonpoint source control is the management of water pollution from sources
such as runoff, drainage, or precipitation; and decentralized wastewater
treatment refers to individual or community wastewater treatment systems.
The EPA added the nonpoint source control and decentralized wastewater treatment
categories to the total needs in the 2022 survey in response to a 2014 law. That
change increased the number of projects eligible for Clean Water State Revolving
Fund financing. These new categories proved a significant reason for the notable
increase in needs between the 2012 and 2022 surveys.
Still, the nation’s unfunded clean water needs are numerous and growing. And
although the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) provided nearly
$12 billion to the Clean Water State Revolving Fund and $1 billion for projects
that address emerging contaminants, the results of the survey indicate that the
needs that communities will face over the next two decades far outweigh those
federal funds
On top of this already daunting deficit, the EPA report estimates that the total
national need is likely underestimated because of data and reporting challenges,
lack of long-term planning by utilities and municipalities, and the exclusion of
Tribal wastewater needs. Additionally, there may be a lack of incentive for
states to complete this survey; unlike the drinking water survey—which is used
to distribute state revolving funds for related projects, including allocations
under the IIJA—the CWNS results do not change the formula used to distribute
federal funds to Clean Water State Revolving Funds.
Aging infrastructure is likely to blame for at least part of the increase in
need reflected in both the clean water and drinking water need surveys, a
conclusion supported by evidence of failing water systems throughout the
country. For example, in January, a flash flood in San Diego destroyed homes,
flooded cars, and created a sinkhole, all because of its failing stormwater
infrastructure, which has a deferred maintenance backlog of at least $2 billion.
And in Prichard, Alabama—where the water infrastructure has been neglected for
decades, resulting in water loss, flooding, and unreliable service—the total
cost to repair pipes, sewage treatment, water treatment plants, pump stations,
and other essential components could exceed $400 million. Although these repairs
are expensive, continued neglect will eventually lead to negative
consequences—in April, for example, the EPA issued an order to Hawaii County to
address sewer discharge resulting from its failing wastewater treatment
facilities.
Importantly, the watershed needs report also says that climate change will take
a toll on aging infrastructure. Short-term risks—such as hurricanes, floods,
tornados, and wildfires—and longer-term ones—such as rising temperatures and
droughts, increasing precipitation, and sea-level rise—can cause broken pipes,
overwhelmed stormwater systems, loss of power, and poor water quality, all of
which prevent water systems from operating effectively and can have devastating
effects on communities. For example, heavy rainfall in January overwhelmed
wastewater facilities across three states in the Chesapeake Bay region, causing
nearly 300 million gallons of contaminated stormwater to be dumped in local
waterways in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
Many cities and states have noted these risks in planning documents and reports;
for example, a report funded by San Francisco predicted that compared with
historical levels, the city could receive nearly 40% more precipitation by 2100.
Such an increase would devastate its existing storm and wastewater
infrastructure and cause widespread flooding. And, according to New York City’s
Wastewater Resiliency Plan, all 14 of the city’s wastewater treatment plants and
60% of its pumping stations were at risk of flooding as of 2013.
Water infrastructure funding has been one of the priorities of federal
legislation such as the IIJA and the American Rescue Plan Act, but the EPA’s
latest drinking water and clean water infrastructure surveys point to rapidly
growing financial needs that far exceed the influx of funding. And while aging
infrastructure is already presenting huge obstacles for cities, water utilities,
and consumers throughout the country, climate change will only increase costs
over the next several decades, underlining the importance of addressing critical
water infrastructure projects in the near term.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Tagged: Georgia, Infrastructure, Water, water quality
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