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THE HISTORY OF PARLIAMENT
BLOGGING ON PARLIAMENT, POLITICS AND PEOPLE, FROM THE HISTORY OF PARLIAMENT
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18th Century history, Georgian Lords, Health and Medicine, Royal family, Social
history
“JUST WHEN YOU THOUGHT IT WAS SAFE TO GO BACK IN THE WATER”: HOLIDAYS BY THE SEA
IN THE 18TH CENTURY
In the course of the 18th century a variety of spas and seaside resorts became
popular destinations for busy Georgians seeking cures for a variety of chronic
conditions, as well as for relaxation from the dramas of high politics. Dr Robin
Eagles, Editor of the House of Lords 1715-90 project, considers the experiences
of some of the high-profile individuals who took their holidays at two of the
most popular in the late 18th century.
Among the most popular resorts for members of the elite seeking the benefits of
sea air during the later part of the 18th century were Brighton and Weymouth.
Earlier in the period Scarborough had been the foremost spa town, but in the
course of the century it had been steadily eclipsed by a variety of rivals and
by the 1760s and 70s the delights of East Sussex were beginning to attract
regular holiday-makers. Brighton’s burgeoning popularity can be traced through
the succession of acts of Parliament seeking to improve the state of the roads
leading to and from the town. In March 1770 a bill for repairing and widening
the road from Brighton to Lewes came before the Lords, and six years later
another bill sought to improve the state of the road from Brighton to Cuckfield.
In 1773 a bill was presented for improving the town’s infrastructure: its
paving, lighting and cleanliness and for improving the coastal defences and
ensuring the harbour was in a fit state for merchant shipping.
John Wilkes was just one of a number of prominent politicians to make the most
of the increasingly popular resort. From July to August 1776 Wilkes took an
extended break from London, partly in search of respite from a tedious autumn
ague which seems to have settled on him, but he was also no doubt keen to quit
the capital having failed in his effort to be elected city chamberlain. He set
out in the middle of July, charting a route through Croydon, Godstone, on to
East Grinstead, Maresfield, where he stayed at the Old Chequer Inn, ‘a very good
house’ and finally Lewes before arriving at Brighton on the 13th. He reported to
his daughter that his ‘feverish heat’ had diminished and that he was already
finding benefit from the sea air.
At Brighton, Wilkes checked into the Castle, a well-known inn in the town, but
promptly set about looking for apartments, which would accommodate him and his
daughter, as he hoped she would shortly be joining him there. He found ‘very
good apartments’ vacant until 8 August, comprising:
> four good bedchambers, and two rooms for servants, besides a pleasant parlour…
> Nothing can be more complete – a full view of the sea, which breaks at your
> feet.
In the end Wilkes was disappointed of his daughter’s company, but pressed on
undeterred to enjoy his vacation and took up residence in his ‘old little cabin,
at Gorringe’s on the cliff’ for a guinea a week. He promised to send to his
daughter some of the delicacies of the place, rabbits and chickens ‘both of
which are remarkably good here’ but was frustrated in his plans to send up some
of the local ‘delicious’ lobsters as poor weather was deterring the ‘cowardly,
methodistical fishermen’ from venturing out.
Interest in Wilkes in the London press was by no means diminished by his
decision to quit the capital and at the end of July one newspaper reported that
a dose of sea bathing had done his health no good at all:
> Mr Wilkes is very much indisposed; the bathing in the salt water has brought
> on him some cold shivering-fits, that are declared by his physicians to be
> alarming. [Morning Post, 29 July 1776]
(c) Trustees of the British Museum: 1868,0808.9134
Replying to his daughter, Wilkes denied the story’s accuracy: ‘I have neither
been in the sea, nor seen a physician; and except the strong symptoms of an
ague, I do not know of a single one unpleasing’. His denials clearly reached
some journalists, as another paper, the General Evening Post, published a few
lines reporting that papers like the Morning Post had got it wrong, though this
did not stop the Morning Post repeating the information in its issue of the 30th
and in the first week of August another reported once more that Wilkes was
‘extremely ill’ at Brighton. [London Chronicle, 3-6 Aug. 1776]. On the 7th the
Morning Post reported that Wilkes’s physicians thought him in ‘extreme danger’,
but again the reports seem to have been exaggerated as that same day Wilkes
assured his daughter he was much better and had been twice out for a ride the
previous day.
By then Wilkes had relocated again, exchanging his cabin on the cliff for the
greater comfort of a friend’s house at nearby Preston. It meant that he was out
of the way of ‘much good company’ that arrived at Brighton around the same time
and in early August he noted the arrival of Lady Barrymore, ‘that English
ortolan’, driving herself and Charles James Fox in a phaeton. There were further
plans for excursions, including a visit to the Isle of Wight, which was
ultimately to become an important retreat for him. By the end of August he was
back at Preston, having taken in Portsmouth, the Isle of Wight, the earl of
Pembroke’s house at Wilton and Salisbury, and was by then preparing for his
return to London having successfully ‘got rid of my troublesome companion, the
ague’.
Wilkes was not the only notable for whom a holiday combined the pleasures of
sightseeing and and taking time to recover from tedious illnesses which London
life did nothing to alleviate.
In August and September 1794 the royal family were at Weymouth, a seaside resort
which had been recommended to George III by his doctors to help treat his
(mysterious) illness. There they were able to indulge in simple pleasures like
walking on the esplanade, reading, and (unlike Wilkes) sea bathing. The king was
also supposed to drink sea water as part of his cure. [Anne Kaile, ‘The rush to
the sea’, Historic Gardens Review xxxiii (2015-16)].
(c) Trustees of the British Museum: 1868,0808.5877
Some pleasures were probably more open to the royals than others, and on the
20th they were welcomed aboard HMS Southampton, a frigate that happened to be at
anchor in the port, and were given a morning’s sail along the coast. The next
day, the royals visited the soldiers camped outside the town, they saw them go
through their exercises though ‘without firing’ before being hosted to tea in
Lord Buckingham’s tent before heading back for supper at 10 and bed at 11. There
were more trips aboard the Southampton during their visit and on the 28th the
queen and her party were driven in carriages across the sands.
The presence of the Southampton and the military encampment is a reminder that
the royal family’s trip to Weymouth in 1794 came at a time of international
uncertainty. The very day before they had set out (the 14th) the king had
received news of the executions of Robespierre and St Juste in Paris.
Not all holidays were so highly charged, but through the 18th century polite
society increasingly came to appreciate the simple pleasures of a trip to the
seaside. Brighton may have acquired greater popularity still following its
discovery by the Prince Regent and his establishment there of his Pavilion
retreat, but as indicated by the succession of improving bills in the 1770s,
long before then Brighton, and other such watering places, had become
established as vital places for those in need of rest and recuperation from the
busy world of politics.
RDEE
Further reading:
Peter Borsay, ‘A room with a view: visualizing the seaside, c.1750-1914, TRHS,
6th ser. xxiii (2013)
Letters from the Year 1774 to the Year 1796, of John Wilkes, Esq (4 vols, 1805),
Volume 1
Memoirs of the Court of George III: Volume 4: The Diary of Queen Charlotte, 1789
and 1794, ed. Michael Kassler (2015)
reaglesAugust 5, 2021August 4, 202118th Century history, featured, Georgian
Lords, Health and Medicine, holidays, seaside resorts
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