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PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE
FEATURED
Psychological warfare involves the planned use of propaganda and other
psychological operations to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and
behavior of opposition groups. RAND has studied military information support
operations (MISO) in many countries and war zones and has provided objective and
supportable recommendations to policymakers on methods and tactics to employ or
defend against these operations.
* Report
DEVELOPING, DISSEMINATING, AND ASSESSING COMMAND NARRATIVE
Nov 15, 2021
In the contemporary era marked by informational competition, one of the most
important activities of a strategic or operational command is the
development, presentation, and support of the command's narratives. What are
some best practices for the effective use of command narrative?
* Report
COMBATING FOREIGN DISINFORMATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Jul 19, 2021
Disinformation campaigns on social media pose a nuanced threat. But much of
the U.S. response remains ad hoc and uncoordinated. It's unclear who has the
edge moving forward, because disinformation techniques and countermeasures
are evolving simultaneously.
EXPLORE PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE
* Filter ByBy CategoryBy Category By Category Research Brief Blog Press People
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* Research
* Brief
* Blog
* Press
* People
* Filter ByAll AuthorsAll Authors All Authors Bauer, Ryan Baxter, Caroline
Beauchamp-Mustafaga, Nathan Blum, Ilana Brown, Michael A. Castillo, Jasen J.
Chase, Michael S. Cheravitch, Joe Clarke, Colin P. Cohen, Raphael S.
Connable, Ben Cragin, Kim Davenport, Steven Davis, Paul K. Demus, Alyssa
Dick, Erin Drun, Jessica Eisenman, David Fernandes, Benjamin J. Fisher, Scott
Frank, Aaron B. Frelinger, David R. Galula, David George, Alexander L.
Gerwehr, Scott Ghez, Jeremy Glenn, Russell W. Gompert, David C. Gordon, John
IV Goure, Leon Grissom, Adam R. Grossman, Derek Haberman, Ryan Harding, Joel
Harold, Scott W. Helmus, Todd C. Hlavka, Jakub P. Hornung, Jeffrey W. Hosmer,
Stephen T. Hungerford, J. M. Hunter, Robert E. Jackson, Kimberly Janis,
Irving Lester Jenkins, Brian Michael Jones, Seth G. Jun, Jenny Kellen, Konrad
Keller, Kirsten M. Kelly, Alan Kepe, Marta Keyser, Donna J. Kingston, Gina
Lander, Natasha Landgraf, Walter F. III Lev, Izhar Libicki, Martin C. Ma,
Logan Mackenzie, William Madden, Dan Magnuson, Madeline Manheim, David
Marcellino, William Marcinek, Krystyna Marlowe, David H. Matthews, Miriam
McCulloch, Caitlin McNerney, Michael J. Migacheva, Katya Munoz, Arturo Nader,
Alireza O'Brien, Kevin A. O'Connell, Edward Olmsted, Stuart S. Padilla,
Phillip Parasiliti, Andrew Paul, Christopher Petrun Sayers, Elizabeth L.
Pezard, Stephanie Pincus, Harold Alan Porche, Isaac R. III Posard, Marek N.
Radin, Andrew Reding, Anais Reedy, Kathleen Robinson, Linda Ronfeldt, David
Rosenau, William Sater, William F. Schachter, Jonathan Schwille, Michael
Seol, In Hyo Shokh, Yuliya Skrabala, Lauren Sortor, Ronald E. Stein, Bradley
D. Tanielian, Terri Treverton, Gregory F. Triezenberg, Bonnie L. Vick, Jason
R. Weed, Kristin Wilson, Bradley Yeats, Jessica
* All Authors
* Bauer, Ryan
* Baxter, Caroline
* Beauchamp-Mustafaga, Nathan
* Blum, Ilana
* Brown, Michael A.
* Castillo, Jasen J.
* Chase, Michael S.
* Cheravitch, Joe
* Clarke, Colin P.
* Cohen, Raphael S.
* Connable, Ben
* Cragin, Kim
* Davenport, Steven
* Davis, Paul K.
* Demus, Alyssa
* Dick, Erin
* Drun, Jessica
* Eisenman, David
* Fernandes, Benjamin J.
* Fisher, Scott
* Frank, Aaron B.
* Frelinger, David R.
* Galula, David
* George, Alexander L.
* Gerwehr, Scott
* Ghez, Jeremy
* Glenn, Russell W.
* Gompert, David C.
* Gordon, John IV
* Goure, Leon
* Grissom, Adam R.
* Grossman, Derek
* Haberman, Ryan
* Harding, Joel
* Harold, Scott W.
* Helmus, Todd C.
* Hlavka, Jakub P.
* Hornung, Jeffrey W.
* Hosmer, Stephen T.
* Hungerford, J. M.
* Hunter, Robert E.
* Jackson, Kimberly
* Janis, Irving Lester
* Jenkins, Brian Michael
* Jones, Seth G.
* Jun, Jenny
* Kellen, Konrad
* Keller, Kirsten M.
* Kelly, Alan
* Kepe, Marta
* Keyser, Donna J.
* Kingston, Gina
* Lander, Natasha
* Landgraf, Walter F. III
* Lev, Izhar
* Libicki, Martin C.
* Ma, Logan
* Mackenzie, William
* Madden, Dan
* Magnuson, Madeline
* Manheim, David
* Marcellino, William
* Marcinek, Krystyna
* Marlowe, David H.
* Matthews, Miriam
* McCulloch, Caitlin
* McNerney, Michael J.
* Migacheva, Katya
* Munoz, Arturo
* Nader, Alireza
* O'Brien, Kevin A.
* O'Connell, Edward
* Olmsted, Stuart S.
* Padilla, Phillip
* Parasiliti, Andrew
* Paul, Christopher
* Petrun Sayers, Elizabeth L.
* Pezard, Stephanie
* Pincus, Harold Alan
* Porche, Isaac R. III
* Posard, Marek N.
* Radin, Andrew
* Reding, Anais
* Reedy, Kathleen
* Robinson, Linda
* Ronfeldt, David
* Rosenau, William
* Sater, William F.
* Schachter, Jonathan
* Schwille, Michael
* Seol, In Hyo
* Shokh, Yuliya
* Skrabala, Lauren
* Sortor, Ronald E.
* Stein, Bradley D.
* Tanielian, Terri
* Treverton, Gregory F.
* Triezenberg, Bonnie L.
* Vick, Jason R.
* Weed, Kristin
* Wilson, Bradley
* Yeats, Jessica
* Show All
* Journal Article
DECODING CRIMEA: PINPOINTING THE INFLUENCE STRATEGIES OF MODERN INFORMATION
WARFARE
For this paper we write about information in warfare from the perspective of
Strategic Communications (StratCom) and the pursuits of the NATO Strategic
Communications Centre of Excellence.
Feb 2, 2022
* Tool
COMMAND NARRATIVE SMART GUIDE
This quick reference provides the big-picture basics for successful command
narrative development and deployment.
Nov 15, 2021
* Report
COUNTERING RUSSIA: THE ROLE OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES IN STRATEGIC
COMPETITION
This report establishes a strategic framework for U.S. Army special
operations forces support to countering Russian activities in the competition
space.
Nov 8, 2021
* Tool
HANDBOOK FOR TACTICAL OPERATIONS IN THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
With its quick-reference format and series of illustrative vignettes, this
handbook facilitates problem-solving and highlights how early-career officers
in tactical units can contribute to operations in the information
environment.
Oct 4, 2021
* Report
CHINESE DISINFORMATION EFFORTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA
The authors identify key Chinese practices and the supporting infrastructure
and conditions that successful social media disinformation campaigns require,
concluding that China is using Taiwan as a test bed for developing attack
vectors.
Jul 19, 2021
* Journal Article
EXPLORING CHINESE MILITARY THINKING ON SOCIAL MEDIA MANIPULATION AGAINST
TAIWAN
This article addresses a gap in the current policy discussion, provides
evidence of Chinese military planning for covert manipulation of Taiwanese
social media, and explores how its interest in and tactics for social media
manipulation have evolved over time.
May 19, 2021
* Journal Article
CHINESE BOMBER FLIGHTS AROUND TAIWAN: FOR WHAT PURPOSE?
After conducting two strategic bomber flights around Taiwan in late 2016,
Beijing significantly stepped up its operational tempo with at least another
five flights circumnavigating the island in mid-2017.
May 18, 2021
* Journal Article
BORROWING A BOAT OUT TO SEA: THE CHINESE MILITARY'S USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR
INFLUENCE OPERATIONS
The Chinese military is positioning itself as one of the leading actors for
hostile Chinese influence operations on social media. The PLA uses social
media for covert hostile political interference operations targeting foreign
countries.
May 14, 2021
* Journal Article
COGNITIVE DOMAIN OPERATIONS: THE PLA'S NEW HOLISTIC CONCEPT FOR INFLUENCE
OPERATIONS
As information becomes ever more central for Chinese warfighting, the
People's Liberation Army is developing a new concept for psychological
warfare in the information era called "cognitive domain operations."
May 14, 2021
* Report
HUMAN ASPECTS OF AIR FORCE OPERATIONS
The special operations community has focused on leveraging human-focused
capabilities, but the conventional Air Force has yet to fully embrace human
aspects of military operations. Is there a need for a joint warfighting
domain focused on human aspects of military operations?
Nov 30, 2020
* Report
DETECTING MALIGN OR SUBVERSIVE INFORMATION EFFORTS OVER SOCIAL MEDIA
The United States has a capability gap in detecting malign or subversive
information campaigns in time to respond before they influence large
audiences. A novel method can now detect these efforts.
Mar 16, 2020
* Commentary
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE MANUFACTURING OF REALITY
Humans carry flaws in deciding what is or is not real. The internet and other
technologies have made it easier to weaponize and exploit these flaws. And
artificial intelligence will likely be used to exploit these weaknesses at an
unprecedented scale, speed, and level of effectiveness.
Jan 20, 2020
* Research Brief
THE GROWING NEED TO FOCUS ON MODERN POLITICAL WARFARE
RAND researchers analyzed how political warfare is practiced today and
identified ways that the U.S. government, its allies, and its partners can
respond to or engage in this type of conflict to achieve U.S. ends and
protect U.S. interests.
May 31, 2019
* Report
IMPROVING C2 AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FOR OPERATIONS IN AND THROUGH THE
INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
Every military activity has informational aspects, but the information
environment (IE) is not well integrated into military planning, doctrine, or
processes. Better understanding of the IE will improve command and control
and situational awareness.
Nov 1, 2018
* Research Brief
REQUIREMENTS FOR BETTER C2 AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS OF THE INFORMATION
ENVIRONMENT
Every military activity has informational aspects, but the information
environment (IE) is not well integrated into military planning, doctrine, or
processes. Better understanding of the IE will improve command and control
and situational awareness.
Nov 1, 2018
* Report
THE LANGUAGE OF INFORM, INFLUENCE, AND PERSUADE: ASSESSMENT LEXICON AND USAGE
GUIDE FOR U.S. EUROPEAN COMMAND EFFORTS
Inconsistency in how assessment is discussed can lead to confusion,
miscommunication, and the appearance of agreement or disagreement when the
opposite is true. RAND researchers developed this lexicon and usage guide to
help combat this problem.
Oct 18, 2018
* Report
WHAT SHAPES A NATION'S WILL TO FIGHT?
When considering threats from Russia and North Korea, it is natural to focus
on military capabilities. But incorporating will to fight into the analysis
of actual or potential conflicts will enhance strategic planning. A model
that can be tailored and applied to various conflict scenarios can help U.S.
leaders better understand and influence will to fight.
Sep 20, 2018
* Report
LESSONS FROM OTHERS FOR FUTURE U.S. ARMY OPERATIONS IN AND THROUGH THE
INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
An examination of the evolution of both allied and adversary use of
information power, alongside a comparative analysis of capability areas in
which these others excel, can guide future U.S. Army force planning.
Jun 7, 2018
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* Next
* RAND Topic:
* Psychological Warfare
* Topic Synonyms:
* Military Information Support;
* MISO;
* Psychological Operations;
* PSYOP;
* PSYOPS;
* PSYWAR
RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY
* RAND National Security Research Division
* RAND Project AIR FORCE
* RAND Army Research Division
TOPICS
RELATED
* Information Operations
* Warfare and Military Operations
RESEARCHER SPOTLIGHT
* MICHAEL SCHWILLE
SENIOR POLICY ANALYST
Mike Schwille is a senior policy analyst at RAND. His primary research
interest focuses on the integration of information into combined arms
warfare. He has experience with Joint, Army and Marine Corps concept
development, Operations in the Information Environment, countering A2AD
strategies,…
* CHRISTOPHER PAUL
SENIOR SOCIAL SCIENTIST
Christopher Paul is a senior social scientist at the RAND Corporation and
professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School. Prior to joining RAND full-time
in July 2002, Paul worked as an adjunct at RAND for six years and was on the
statistics faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles…
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