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08 Aug 2024

More in

TECHNOLOGY

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

INTERNET OF THINGS

SENSORS

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY




HOW AI AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES ARE BOOSTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY

Features
6 mins read

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming industries worldwide, and
agriculture is no exception.


Credit: andriyyavor - adobe.stock.com

Monitoring every aspect of the growth cycle is essential. AI enhances and
optimises agricultural processes by providing real-time data analysis and
decision-making capabilities. By utilising soil sensors, humidity probes,
temperature sensors, light sensors, and imaging devices, AI can collect and
analyse critical data around environmental conditions and crop health. This
information enables farmers to make informed decisions about irrigation,
fertilisation, pest control, and other practices.

Used in conjunction with IoT communication solutions, growers can ensure
seamless integration and efficient operation of these technologies, creating a
more interconnected agricultural system.

Modern agriculture faces a complex interplay of environmental, technical, and
social challenges, all of which demand a cohesive and urgent response to ensure
resilient food production systems. As the global population continues to grow,
the demand for food is intensifying, exerting immense pressure on agricultural
systems to produce more with increasingly limited resources. One significant
hurdle is the loss of arable land to urbanisation and industrialisation.

Additionally, many farms still rely on outdated technologies, lacking the modern
tools necessary for optimising productivity and sustainability.

Social challenges compound these issues. The ageing population of farmers,
especially in rural areas, threatens the future of farming, as younger
generations are becoming reluctant to pursue agricultural careers. Small-scale
farmers and those in developing regions face additional obstacles, including
limited access to the resources and technologies needed to enhance their
practices.

Environmental challenges, including soil degradation, rising temperatures,
shifting precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events,
disrupt farming cycles and reduce crop yields. Soil degradation, driven by
over-farming, deforestation, and unsustainable practices, diminishes land
fertility. Additionally, biodiversity loss undermines ecosystem resilience,
making it harder for farms to withstand pests and diseases. The impact of both
natural and human-made disasters further increases these challenges. Floods,
droughts, wildfires, and storms can devastate crops, soil, and infrastructure,
leading to substantial economic losses and food insecurity.

Given these challenges, adopting sustainable and intelligent practices is
imperative. By leveraging technologies like AI and wireless connectivity, we can
enhance resource efficiency, improve crop yields, and promote environmental
stewardship. Embracing sustainability is essential for modern agriculture to
overcome these environmental, technical, and social challenges.

AI Utility Extends into Predictive Analysis

AI is reshaping agriculture, streamlining operations through sophisticated
cloud-based platforms, advanced analytics, and decision-support systems. It also
enables more sophisticated and targeted control at the edge.

AI facilitates the processing and analysis of data from myriad sensors across
farms, all centralised within the cloud. This integration offers a detailed,
real-time overview of agricultural conditions, blending weather, soil, and crop
data to furnish farmers with actionable insights for immediate application.

The utility of AI extends into predictive analytics, a cornerstone for modern
farming decision-making. By harnessing machine learning (ML) algorithms, AI
systems analyse data trends to forecast potential challenges and opportunities
within the agricultural cycle, such as pest infestations, disease outbreaks, and
the most favourable times for planting and harvesting. These predictive insights
enable farmers to pre-emptively tailor their irrigation, fertilisation, and pest
control strategies, improving both yield and resource efficiency.

AI is making a significant impact on agriculture by providing highly customised
decision support that can effectively direct farmers on how to farm a specific
field rather than relying on more generalised best practices. These AI-driven
systems amalgamate data from diverse sources, including weather patterns, soil
conditions, and market dynamics, to provide targeted recommendations. Platforms
like Climate FieldView use AI to offer tailored field-level insights and
recommendations for planting, spraying, and harvesting, enhancing the efficiency
of farming operations.

AI's influence also extends to environmental stewardship and land management.
Through sophisticated modelling techniques, AI aids in identifying and
implementing best practices for land restoration and sustainable management.
Tools like the LandPKS app leverage AI to combine GPS data, user inputs, and
extensive global databases, offering essential information on soil and climate
conditions. This supports not only sustainable agricultural practices but also
informed decision-making for landowners and environmentalists focused on land
conservation.

Moreover, AI, alongside ML, plays a crucial role in precision agriculture,
particularly in the variable-rate application of resources. By adjusting the
application of water, fertilisers, and pesticides based on the specific needs of
each field, AI-driven practices minimise waste and environmental impact,
elevating efficiency and reducing resource usage.

In essence, AI's integration into smart agriculture is transformative, enhancing
efficiency, sustainability, and the strategic use of data for informed
decision-making. Through its various applications, AI not only improves farm
management and yields but also supports the health of the planet, illustrating
the profound impact of technology on the future of farming.

The Role of Sensors for Creating Actionable Data

To impact agriculture, AI relies on a wide range of sensing technologies for the
vital data that is used to drive actionable outcomes. Supporting AI and ML
applications are a wide range of localised sensors to help collect continuous
environmental data, optimising irrigation and resource delivery.

A wide array of electrochemical and temperature sensors can be deployed to help
determine soil condition. Smart soil sensors, like Seeed Studio's MODBUS-RTU
RS485 Soil Sensor, offer combined sensing, providing an accurate indication of
soil temperature, moisture level, and composition. These devices can be used in
fields and greenhouses to continuously monitor soil and plant health. When
combined with AI technology, they enable the implementation of specific actions
to enhance plant well-being and minimise resource usage.

In addition to combined solutions, single sensor types are frequently utilised
to deliver precise feedback or to enable automations, such as automated window
opening in greenhouses or smart irrigation. Amphenol Advanced Sensors offers a
range of sensors designed to meet the demands of the latest expanding
agricultural applications, such as the Thermometrics T9501 (see below), which
features a water-resistant IP67 rating and enables farmers to monitor both air
and soil conditions accurately.



Amphenol Advanced Sensors Thermometrics T9501 humidity and temperature sensor.
(Source: Mouser Electronics)

To support the seamless integration of these technologies  FlexPIFA 6E antennas
ensure reliable data transmission between sensors and AI platforms. Designed for
harsh conditions, these antennas enable stable communication, ensuring
continuous data transmission to AI platforms for timely and accurate
decision-making.

Stationary sensors are not the only method for capturing farm data. Drones and
robots significantly enhance farming efficiency and sustainability. Equipped
with advanced cameras and sensors, drones monitor crop health, identify diseases
and pests, and assess growth patterns over large areas where localised sensors
are economically unviable. Drones like DJI's Agras also enable targeted delivery
of fertilisers and pesticides.

Similar to drones, autonomous robots are revolutionising farming by undertaking
tasks like seeding, weeding, and harvesting. These innovations automate
labour-intensive processes, improving accuracy and efficiency in crop
management. This technological shift has not only reduced the reliance on manual
labour but also promoted a more sustainable approach to farming by minimising
waste and chemical use.

Real-World Technology Integration

The agricultural industry is witnessing a transformation with the integration of
cutting-edge technology, resulting in both enhanced traditional machinery and
the creation of novel solutions that leverage innovations like edge AI, IoT
sensor networks, and ML algorithms.

With a hardware agnostic approach, Edge Impulse is a platform that enables the
development and deployment of high-performance AI models at the edge. One
example of their technology in action involved addressing over-irrigation by
deploying an ML-based solution.  Using an edge control board from Arduino with
temperature and humidity sensors, telemetry is collected, processed, and
analysed to optimise water usage.

The project employed local data storage and decentralised operation, achieving
high accuracy in determining irrigation needs and enhancing resource efficiency.
This demonstrated the viability of Edge Impulse’s solution in agricultural
applications.

Geospatial Data and AI Analytics

Geospatial data and AI analytics have significantly improved soil health and
crop yields. Satellite imagery and drones collect high-resolution images, which
AI algorithms analyse to create detailed maps of soil moisture, nutrient levels,
and crop health. Farmers use these maps to apply resources precisely, reducing
waste and enhancing productivity. Initial indications show that reduced amounts
of water and fertiliser are needed—anywhere from 20 percent to 40 percent less. 

Microsoft FarmBeats

Microsoft FarmBeats integrates IoT sensors with AI to monitor soil and weather
conditions. Sensors collect data on soil moisture, temperature, pH levels, and
weather, transmitting it to a cloud-based AI platform for real-time insights and
recommendations. The AI predicts optimal times for irrigation, planting, and
harvesting, helping farmers optimise water usage, improve crop health, and
increase productivity.

University of Illinois and John Deere Partnership

The University of Illinois and John Deere partnership develops advanced
agricultural equipment using AI and ML. They have created autonomous tractors
and robotic harvesters with AI-driven sensors and cameras. These machines
perform tasks like ploughing, planting, and harvesting with high precision,
adjusting operations based on real-time data. This has improved resource
efficiency and reduced labour costs, enhancing operational efficiency and crop
yields.    

Conclusion

AI is revolutionising agriculture by addressing the industry's environmental,
technical, and social challenges. Using cloud-based platforms, AI-powered
analytics, and advanced sensors, farmers can optimise their operations and
promote sustainability.

Engineers play a crucial role in developing and implementing these innovative AI
solutions, driving the future of smart agriculture and ensuring food security
for generations to come. As the agricultural sector continues to evolve, the
integration of AI and other advanced technologies will be essential for
overcoming the complex challenges faced by modern agriculture.

Author details: Mark Patrick, Director of Technical Content, EMEA, Mouser
Electronics

Artificial Intelligence
Agricultural Technology
Sensors
Internet of Things
http://www.mouser.com

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