how.gratbartairokoho.ml Open in urlscan Pro
2a06:98c1:3120::c Public Scan

Go To Rescan
Add Verdict Report

URL:
http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
Submission: On December 19 via api (December 19th 2022, 4:07:56 pm UTC) from US — Scanned from NL

Summary HTTP 8 Redirects Behaviour Indicators

Summary

This website contacted 8 IPs in 3 countries across 9 domains to perform 8 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 2a06:98c1:3120::c, located in United States and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is how.gratbartairokoho.ml.

This is the only time how.gratbartairokoho.ml was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
1	2a06:98c1:312... 2a06:98c1:3120::c	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
1	2a00:1450:400... 2a00:1450:4001:80f::200a	15169 (GOOGLE) (GOOGLE)
1	2606:4700:20:... 2606:4700:20::ac43:44b6	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
1	2a02:26f0:350... 2a02:26f0:3500:891::31b3	20940 (AKAMAI-ASN1) (AKAMAI-ASN1)
1 2	3.250.199.8 3.250.199.8	16509 (AMAZON-02) (AMAZON-02)
1	2600:9000:211... 2600:9000:211a:ec00:c:9d48:b3c0:93a1	16509 (AMAZON-02) (AMAZON-02)
1	2a00:1450:400... 2a00:1450:4001:808::2003	15169 (GOOGLE) (GOOGLE)
8	8

1 2a06:98c1:3120::c (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

how.gratbartairokoho.ml	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2a00:1450:4001:80f::200a (Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)

fonts.googleapis.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2606:4700:20::ac43:44b6 (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

image.winudf.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2a02:26f0:3500:891::31b3 (Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

ASN20940 (AKAMAI-ASN1, NL)

cached-images.bonnier.news	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 3.250.199.8 (Dublin, Ireland) 1 redirects

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)
PTR: ec2-3-250-199-8.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com

www.soluno.se	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools
www.dstny.se	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2600:9000:211a:ec00:c:9d48:b3c0:93a1 (United States)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)

images.pricerunner.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2a00:1450:4001:808::2003 (Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)

fonts.gstatic.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
1	gstatic.com fonts.gstatic.com	27 KB
1	pricerunner.com images.pricerunner.com	107 KB
1	dstny.se www.dstny.se
1	soluno.se 1 redirects www.soluno.se	180 B
1	bonnier.news cached-images.bonnier.news — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 293759
1	winudf.com image.winudf.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 51734	260 KB
1	googleapis.com fonts.googleapis.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 37	1 KB
1	gratbartairokoho.ml how.gratbartairokoho.ml	17 KB
0	cbsistatic.com Failed cnet3.cbsistatic.com Failed
8	9

	Domain	Requested by
1	fonts.gstatic.com	fonts.googleapis.com
1	images.pricerunner.com	how.gratbartairokoho.ml
1	www.dstny.se	how.gratbartairokoho.ml
1	www.soluno.se	1 redirects
1	cached-images.bonnier.news	how.gratbartairokoho.ml
1	image.winudf.com	how.gratbartairokoho.ml
1	fonts.googleapis.com	how.gratbartairokoho.ml
1	how.gratbartairokoho.ml
0	cnet3.cbsistatic.com Failed	how.gratbartairokoho.ml
8	9

This site contains no links.

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
sni.cloudflaressl.com Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3	`2022-05-16` - `2023-05-16`	a year	crt.sh
bonnier.news DigiCert TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1	`2022-09-01` - `2023-09-03`	a year	crt.sh
*.pricerunner.com DigiCert TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1	`2022-01-13` - `2023-02-13`	a year	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
Frame ID: 9ADA7B40F108F634CB49D1D7C80333EC
Requests: 8 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Guide: Bästa surfplattan för barn (och föräldrarna)

Detected technologies

Google Font API (Font Scripts) Expand

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns

<link[^>]* href=[^>]+fonts\.(?:googleapis|google)\.com

Page Statistics

8
Requests

38 %
HTTPS

86 %
IPv6

9
Domains

9
Subdomains

8
IPs

3
Countries

413 kB
Transfer

456 kB
Size

1
Cookies

0 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 4

https://www.soluno.se/app/uploads/charger_mobil_alla-1024x724.jpg HTTP 301
https://www.dstny.se/app/uploads/charger_mobil_alla-1024x724.jpg

8 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H/1.1 200
OK Primary Request / Show response
how.gratbartairokoho.ml/ 56 KB
17 KB 129ms
88ms Document
text/html 2a06:98c1:3120::c
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Server: 2a06:98c1:3120::c , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: 21c4c118509b3c4f4ee57e2c885c966f43ac4a55200f216d135f3fdef4b7a1c4

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.124 Safari/537.36
accept-language: nl-NL,nl;q=0.9

Response headers

CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
CF-RAY: 77c164bded8e1c88-AMS
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 16:07:50 GMT
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=Bya3jqgwPd6YQSTV7N7B7k1wcNg76U7Z0po%2FKOovFgfgMDlxUxPA60z%2BJ99tJPNLdOQDGjd94PSYMApY0eHnXK6Lc21G3WWw%2BH3BsdnOQLVoQz6jchCyNWVFVoyZ6em64Md1grx1nhZHyZU4hsHi3DSA5Qtvdw%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400

GET
H/1.1 200
OK css
fonts.googleapis.com/ 8 KB
1 KB 74ms
41ms Stylesheet
text/css 2a00:1450:4001:80f::200a
GOOGLE

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Libre+Franklin%3A300%2C300i%2C400%2C400i%2C600%2C600i%2C800%2C800i&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext

Requested by

Host: how.gratbartairokoho.ml
URL: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Server

2a00:1450:4001:80f::200a Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

ESF /

Resource Hash

629b012c851f4242e4e12f5f51c9e02609423e89cafee41bc838631114ac9455

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	0

Request headers

accept-language: nl-NL,nl;q=0.9
Referer: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.124 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 16:07:50 GMT
Content-Encoding: gzip
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: cross-origin
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Last-Modified: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 15:58:53 GMT
Server: ESF
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin-allow-popups
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Type: text/css; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Cache-Control: private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
Timing-Allow-Origin: *
Link: <http://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
Expires: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 16:07:50 GMT

GET oneplus-8-0715.jpg
cnet3.cbsistatic.com/img/NKbCw7QW4hEMy9BcWEM5aMzavhA=/756x567/2020/04/13/7f2300ed-c6c3-46bd-ae37-c49fc9449707/ 0
0

GET
H2 200 screen-10.jpg
image.winudf.com/v2/image1/YWlyLmNvbS5zdHJlYW1pZW5jZS5qYXJhbWJhX3NjcmVlbl8xNV8xNTUzNjcwMjA4XzA1NQ/ 259 KB
260 KB 223ms
152ms Image
image/jpeg 2606:4700:20::ac43:44b6
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://image.winudf.com/v2/image1/YWlyLmNvbS5zdHJlYW1pZW5jZS5qYXJhbWJhX3NjcmVlbl8xNV8xNTUzNjcwMjA4XzA1NQ/screen-10.jpg?fakeurl=1&type=.jpg

Requested by

Host: how.gratbartairokoho.ml
URL: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700:20::ac43:44b6 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

ba67f20099350f6147d31f1b7edaedda42e21c8f8f65b709c82123f5b8ccbd39

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15724800; includeSubDomains

Request headers

accept-language: nl-NL,nl;q=0.9
Referer: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.124 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 16:07:51 GMT
strict-transport-security: max-age=15724800; includeSubDomains
cf-cache-status: HIT
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cf-polished: origSize=292232, status=webp_bigger
x-cache: MISS
content-length: 265671
cf-bgj: imgq:100,h2pri
server: cloudflare
etag: af9c56f3
vary: Accept-Encoding
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=Zkajw2YQmbnYaBT3tXAcXOwrVPqNqPWk%2Fim91EaGntb31Dg9RSgW81%2BuPVGHnJLqFF%2BqZILVu0wBiAZ9dXQdalNTYP6pGC3w1yF6dN6EGlLEPl9fxiEvE3N1pcqSq0GFbxr2LiquzhGxJncvoQ0%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type: image/jpeg
access-control-allow-origin: *
cache-control: max-age=31536000
accept-ranges: bytes
timing-allow-origin: *
cf-ray: 77c164bf1deeb8af-AMS

GET
H2 503 bigOriginal.jpg
cached-images.bonnier.news/swift/bilder/epi-30-di/UploadedImages/2018/2/15/3579c4b0-df41-4421-abf5-bf943ae17c10/ 0
0 147ms
40ms Image
text/html 2a02:26f0:3500:891::31b3
AKAMAI-ASN1

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: https://cached-images.bonnier.news/swift/bilder/epi-30-di/UploadedImages/2018/2/15/3579c4b0-df41-4421-abf5-bf943ae17c10/bigOriginal.jpg
Requested by: Host: how.gratbartairokoho.ml
URL: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server: 2a02:26f0:3500:891::31b3 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN20940 (AKAMAI-ASN1, NL),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

accept-language: nl-NL,nl;q=0.9
Referer: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.124 Safari/537.36

Response headers

GET
H2

200

charger_mobil_alla-1024x724.jpg
www.dstny.se/app/uploads/
Redirect Chain

https://www.soluno.se/app/uploads/charger_mobil_alla-1024x724.jpg
https://www.dstny.se/app/uploads/charger_mobil_alla-1024x724.jpg

0
0

154ms
48ms

Image
text/html

3.250.199.8
AMAZON-02

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: https://www.dstny.se/app/uploads/charger_mobil_alla-1024x724.jpg
Requested by: Host: how.gratbartairokoho.ml
URL: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
Protocol: H2
Server: 3.250.199.8 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS: ec2-3-250-199-8.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software: /
Resource Hash: e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

accept-language: nl-NL,nl;q=0.9
Referer: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.124 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Redirect headers

date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 16:07:50 GMT
x-content-type-options: nosniff
server: nginx
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
content-type: text/html
location: https://www.dstny.se/app/uploads/charger_mobil_alla-1024x724.jpg
content-length: 162
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block

GET
H2 200 PricerunnerMobilSGVT.jpg
images.pricerunner.com/images/i/bit-boards/test/Mobiltelefon/ 106 KB
107 KB 224ms
62ms Image
image/jpeg 2600:9000:211a:ec00:c:9d48:b3c0:93a1
AMAZON-02

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: https://images.pricerunner.com/images/i/bit-boards/test/Mobiltelefon/PricerunnerMobilSGVT.jpg
Requested by: Host: how.gratbartairokoho.ml
URL: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server: 2600:9000:211a:ec00:c:9d48:b3c0:93a1 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: 167e77719eaeb4346c410ff0a97588b324302f5e1411f200a3fc8d442042cd16

Request headers

accept-language: nl-NL,nl;q=0.9
Referer: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.124 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 07:34:15 GMT
via: 1.1 3cf68d8be617999c7beade955cf69ddc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop: VIE50-C2
age: 30816
x-cache: Hit from cloudfront
content-type: image/jpeg
access-control-allow-origin: *
cache-control: public, max-age=31536000
content-length: 108874
x-amz-cf-id: 4n_yALralwWjLGODjp0nlaY_-xDl51IlblN37GeuXmntmpwbFG0Lyg==

GET
H/1.1 200
OK jizDREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUf2zc.woff2
fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v13/ 27 KB
27 KB 90ms
32ms Font
font/woff2 2a00:1450:4001:808::2003
GOOGLE

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v13/jizDREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUf2zc.woff2

Requested by

Host: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Libre+Franklin%3A300%2C300i%2C400%2C400i%2C600%2C600i%2C800%2C800i&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Server

2a00:1450:4001:808::2003 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

sffe /

Resource Hash

0c5b68b3ae23054815d89c5a2230ad7edf2d4b68732b4463d6be74cacb974055

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Xss-Protection	0

Request headers

Referer: http://fonts.googleapis.com/
Origin: http://how.gratbartairokoho.ml
accept-language: nl-NL,nl;q=0.9
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.124 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 03:51:30 GMT
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Age: 216980
Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only: require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: cross-origin
Content-Length: 27268
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Last-Modified: Mon, 11 Jul 2022 18:56:23 GMT
Server: sffe
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
Report-To: {"group":"apps-themes","max_age":2592000,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/report-to/apps-themes"}]}
Content-Type: font/woff2
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Cache-Control: public, max-age=31536000
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Timing-Allow-Origin: *
Expires: Sun, 17 Dec 2023 03:51:30 GMT

Failed requests

These URLs were requested, but there was no response received. You will also see them in the list above.

Domain: cnet3.cbsistatic.com
URL: https://cnet3.cbsistatic.com/img/NKbCw7QW4hEMy9BcWEM5aMzavhA=/756x567/2020/04/13/7f2300ed-c6c3-46bd-ae37-c49fc9449707/oneplus-8-0715.jpg

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

1 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

object| oncontentvisibilityautostatechange

1 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			how.gratbartairokoho.ml/	1969-12-31 23:59:59	Name: ch1c Value: b

2 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
network	error	URL: https://cnet3.cbsistatic.com/img/NKbCw7QW4hEMy9BcWEM5aMzavhA=/756x567/2020/04/13/7f2300ed-c6c3-46bd-ae37-c49fc9449707/oneplus-8-0715.jpg Message: Failed to load resource: net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED
network	error	URL: https://cached-images.bonnier.news/swift/bilder/epi-30-di/UploadedImages/2018/2/15/3579c4b0-df41-4421-abf5-bf943ae17c10/bigOriginal.jpg Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 ()

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

cached-images.bonnier.news
cnet3.cbsistatic.com
fonts.googleapis.com
fonts.gstatic.com
how.gratbartairokoho.ml
image.winudf.com
images.pricerunner.com
www.dstny.se
www.soluno.se
cnet3.cbsistatic.com
2600:9000:211a:ec00:c:9d48:b3c0:93a1
2606:4700:20::ac43:44b6
2a00:1450:4001:808::2003
2a00:1450:4001:80f::200a
2a02:26f0:3500:891::31b3
2a06:98c1:3120::c
3.250.199.8
0c5b68b3ae23054815d89c5a2230ad7edf2d4b68732b4463d6be74cacb974055
167e77719eaeb4346c410ff0a97588b324302f5e1411f200a3fc8d442042cd16
21c4c118509b3c4f4ee57e2c885c966f43ac4a55200f216d135f3fdef4b7a1c4
629b012c851f4242e4e12f5f51c9e02609423e89cafee41bc838631114ac9455
ba67f20099350f6147d31f1b7edaedda42e21c8f8f65b709c82123f5b8ccbd39
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

how.gratbartairokoho.ml Open in urlscan Pro 2a06:98c1:3120::c Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Detected technologies

Page Statistics

8 Requests

38 %HTTPS

86 %IPv6

9 Domains

9 Subdomains

8 IPs

3 Countries

413 kBTransfer

456 kBSize

1 Cookies

0 Outgoing links

Redirected requests

8 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Failed requests

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

1 JavaScript Global Variables

1 Cookies

2 Console Messages

Indicators

how.gratbartairokoho.ml Open in urlscan Pro
2a06:98c1:3120::c Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

8
Requests

38 %
HTTPS

86 %
IPv6

9
Domains

9
Subdomains

8
IPs

3
Countries

413 kB
Transfer

456 kB
Size

1
Cookies

8 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions