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HIGH QUALITY IMAGE CONVERTER

2/20/2023

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Other sensors, such as the Foveon X3 sensor, capture information directly in RGB
form (using three pixel sensors in each location). One variation on the Bayer
filter is the RGBE filter of the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F828, which exchanged the
green in the RG rows with " emerald" Ĭolor). The camera's sensor is almost
invariably overlaid with a color filter array (CFA), usually a Bayer filter,
consisting of a mosaic of a 2x2 matrix of red, green, blue and (second) green
filters. Raw files thus contain the full resolution (typically 12- or 14-bit)
data as read out from each of the camera's image sensor pixels. In digital
photography, the raw file plays the role that photographic film plays in film
photography. The same holds for Canon's DPP application, at least for all more
expensive cameras like all EOS DSLRs and the G series of compact cameras.ĭNG,
the Adobe digital negative format, is an extension of the TIFF 6.0 format and is
compatible with TIFF/EP, and uses various open formats and/or standards,
including Exif metadata, XMP metadata, IPTC metadata, CIE XYZ coordinates, ICC
profiles, and JPEG. Phase One's raw converter Capture One also offers
corrections for geometrical distortion, chromatic aberration, purple fringing
and keystone correction emulating the shift capability of tilt-shift in software
and specially designed hardware, on most raw files from over 100 different
cameras. Panasonic's raw converter corrects geometric distortion and chromatic
aberration on such cameras as the LX3, with necessary correction information
presumably included in the raw. These files may deviate from the TIFF standard
in a number of ways, including the use of a non-standard file header, the
inclusion of additional image tags and the encryption of some of the tagged
data. Many raw file formats, including IIQ ( Phase One), 3FR ( Hasselblad), DCR,
K25, KDC ( Kodak), CRW CR2 CR3 ( Canon), ERF ( Epson), MEF ( Mamiya), MOS (
Leaf), NEF NRW ( Nikon), ORF ( Olympus), PEF ( Pentax), RW2 ( Panasonic) and
ARW, SRF, SR2 ( Sony), are based on TIFF, the Tagged Image File Format. This
item allows the file to be ordered in a frame sequence (without relying on its
filename). In the case of motion picture film scans, either the timecode,
keycode or frame number in the file sequence which represents the frame sequence
in a scanned reel.Most raw files contain a full size JPEG conversion of the
image, which is used to preview the file on the camera's LCD panel.Some raw
files contain a standardized metadata section with data in Exif format. These
include the exposure settings, camera/scanner/lens model, date (and, optionally,
place) of shoot/scan, authoring information and other. Image metadata which can
be useful for inclusion in any CMS environment or database.

Camera sensor metadata which is required to interpret the sensor image data,
including the size of the sensor, the attributes of the CFA and its color
profile.A short file header which typically contains an indicator of the
byte-ordering of the file, a file identifier and an offset into the main file
data.The structure of raw files often follows a common pattern: Raw files
contain the information required to produce a viewable image from the camera's
sensor data. Most raw image file formats store information sensed according to
the geometry of the sensor's individual photo-receptive elements (sometimes
called pixels) rather than points in the expected final image: sensors with
hexagonal element displacement, for example, record information for each of
their hexagonally-displaced cells, which a decoding software will eventually
transform into the rectangular geometry during "digital developing". Raw image
formats are intended to capture the radiometric characteristics of the scene,
that is, physical information about the light intensity and color of the scene,
at the best of the camera sensor's performance. The purpose of raw image formats
is to save, with minimum loss of information, data obtained from the sensor.
Unlike physical film after development, the Raw file preserves the information
captured at the time of exposure. Like undeveloped photographic film, a raw
digital image may have a wider dynamic range or color gamut than the developed
film or print.

(With exposed film, development is a single event that physically transforms the
unexposed film irreversibly.) Rather, the Raw datasets are more like exposed but
undeveloped film which can be converted (electronically developed) in a
non-destructive manner multiple times in observable, reversible steps to reach a
visually desired image.

Raw image files are sometimes incorrectly described as "digital negatives", but
neither are they negatives nor do the unprocessed files constitute visible
images.

 * 5 Raw filename extensions and respective camera manufacturers or standard.
 * 4.1.2.3 Windows Imaging Component (WIC).


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