archive.org Open in urlscan Pro
207.241.224.2  Public Scan

Form analysis
7 forms found in the DOM

GET

<form class="banner-close" action="" method="get" data-action="ia-banner-close">
  <fieldset>
    <button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit"></button>
  </fieldset>
</form>

---

<form id="donate_reminder_form" data-base-url="https://archive.org">
  <h5>Send me an email reminder</h5>
  <label for="email">Email address (required)</label>
  <input type="email" id="email" name="email" value="">
  <div class="error-email">Please enter a valid email address.</div>
  <label for="first-name">First name</label>
  <input type="text" id="first-name" name="first_name" value="">
  <label for="last-name">Last name</label>
  <input type="text" id="last-name" name="last_name" value="">
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
  <p> By submitting, you agree to receive donor-related emails from the Internet Archive. Your privacy is important to us. We do not sell or trade your information with anyone. </p>
</form>

---

GET /search

<form id="nav-search" class="highlight style-scope nav-search" method="get" action="/search" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchSubmit">
  <input type="text" name="query" class="search-field style-scope nav-search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" value="">
  <!--?lit$461700319$-->
  <button type="submit" class="search style-scope nav-search" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchClose">
    <!--?lit$461700319$-->
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      <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
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    </svg>
  </button>
</form>

---

POST

<form action="" method="post" class="style-scope wayback-search">
  <p class="style-scope wayback-search"> Search the history of over <!--?lit$461700319$-->916 billion
    <a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineStatsLink" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/" class="style-scope wayback-search">web pages</a> on the Internet. </p>
  <fieldset class="style-scope wayback-search">
    <a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineLogoLink" href="https://web.archive.org" class="style-scope wayback-search"><!--?lit$461700319$-->
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</a>
    <label for="url" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search the Wayback Machine</label>
    <div class="search-field style-scope wayback-search">
      <input type="text" name="url" id="url" placeholder="enter URL or keywords" class="style-scope wayback-search">
      <!--?lit$461700319$-->
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        <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
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</form>

---

POST //web.archive.org/save

<form action="//web.archive.org/save" method="post" class="style-scope save-page-form" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|SavePageSubmit">
  <h3 class="style-scope save-page-form">Save Page Now</h3>
  <p class="style-scope save-page-form">Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.</p>
  <div class="style-scope save-page-form">
    <input type="text" name="url_preload" placeholder="https://" class="style-scope save-page-form">
    <input type="submit" value="Save" class="style-scope save-page-form">
  </div>
  <p class="error style-scope save-page-form">Please enter a valid web address</p>
</form>

---

<form class="form" role="form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="embedcodehere">EMBED</label>
    <textarea id="embedcodehere" class="form-control textarea-invert-readonly" rows="3"
      readonly="readonly">&lt;iframe src="https://archive.org/embed/LaCourInternationaleDeJustice" width="560" height="384" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</textarea>
  </div>
</form>

---

<form class="form" role="form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="embedcodehereWP">EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item &lt;description&gt; tags)</label>
    <textarea id="embedcodehereWP" class="form-control textarea-invert-readonly" rows="3" readonly="readonly">[archiveorg LaCourInternationaleDeJustice width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]</textarea>
  </div>
</form>

---

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LA COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE


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La Cour Internationale de Justice


La Cour Internationale de Justice (CIJ) represente « I'organe judiciaire
principal » des Nations-Unies (art. 92 de la Charte) ; tous les Etats Membres
des Nations-Unies sont parties au statut. La CIJ succede a la CPJI a La Haye
depuis 1946 et a repris a son compte la jurisprudence de cette derniere. Malgre
des avancees considerables en droit international, la CIJ fait I'objet de
critiques recurrentes qui induisent une reflexion sur son destin a long terme,
lie a revolution de la justice international e.


1- Une Institution originate aux succes considerables.


1.1- La CIJ remplit une fonction irremplagable de reglement juridique des
differends .


Composition et statut : composee de quinze juges elus pour neuf ans par la
majorite de I'Assemblee Generale et du Conseil de securite, la Cour fait partie
integrante de la Charte. Renouveles par tiers tous les trois ans et non
reeligibles, ces juges doivent remplir des criteres de qualite morale et
beneficient d'un statut protecteur : independance, inamovibilite, privileges ,
immunites diplomatiques mais ne peuvent en contrepartie exercer aucune fonction
politique, administrative ou professionnelle ; il ne peut y avoir plus d'un juge
d'un meme Etat.


- Attributions : a la difference de la CPI qui est competente pour juger les
individus, la CIJ ne peut connaitre que des differends opposant les Etats . Aux
termes de 1' article 38 du statut de la CIJ, celle-ci a pour mission « de regler
conformement au droit international les differends qui lui sont soumis » ;
siegeant a La Haye, la Cour a deux fonctions : une fonction contentieuse a la
demande des Etats, une fonction consultative a la demande des organes du systeme
des Nations-Unies.


1.2. La CIJ a permis des avancees considerables en droit international .


- Par sa fonction contentieuse ; la Cour ne peut etre saisie que par des Etats
d'ou le principe du consentement des Etats. La Cour peut etre saisie a la suite
d'un compromis, d'une clause dejuri diction ou accepter par avance la clause
facultative de juridiction obligatoire defmie a I'article 36-2 du statut de la
CIJ. Obligatoire, I'arret de la Cour est defmitif Le bilan de I'activite de la
Cour est appreciable ; il a permis de reaffirmer le principe de non-ingerence
(CIJ, activites militaires et paramilitaires au Nicaragua, 1986), ( Detroit de
Corfou, 1949) , I'equite (Plateau continental de la Mer duNord, 1969), la
coutume (CIJ, plateau continental Tunisie-Libye, 1982).


- Par sa fonction consultative, qui resulte de I'article 96 de la Charte des
Nations-Unies ; le Conseil de Securite, I'AGNU peuvent demander a la Cour des
avis consultatifs qui, s'il ne sont pas contraignants, s'attachent a la
definition du droit international et sont suivis d'effets (contributions au
maintien de la paix, 1962) ; la Cour a joue un role considerable dans les
affaires de delimitation de frontieres terrestres et maritimes (statut du Sahara
Occidental, 1975), (Burkina-mali, 1986) reaffirmant la regie « uti possidetis ».


2- Une Institution toutefois critiquee, un avenir lie a revolution de la justice
internationale.


2.1. La CIJ est liee par les limites du droit international .


- L' execution des arrets est tributaire de la volonte des Etats : dans 1'
affaire des otages americains en Iran (CIJ, 24 mai 1980, Personnel diplomatique
et consulaire des USA a Teheran) , I'arret de la Cour n'a pas ete execute par
I'lran, une mediation de 1' Algerie etant necessaire pour regler le differend
(accords d'Alger de 1981). Le Conseil de Securite est saisi lorsque un Etat
refuse d'executer un arret de la Cour (art. 94 de la Charte).


- La critique relative au depassement du delai raisonnable (en depit de
I'importance croissante des affaires contentieuses) s'avere peu fondee puisque
les parties sont


souvent elles-memes a I'origine de cette situation (demandes de longs delais
pour la presentation des memoires).


- La clause facultative de juri diction obligatoire a une portee restreinte :
moins d'un tiers d'un membres des Nations-Unies y ont souscrit et sa mise en
ceuvre suscite des difficultes d' interpretation conduisant a affaiblir la
clause (CIJ, affaire Espagne/Canada, 1998).


2.2. Les defis sont nombreux .


- Une proliferation des juridictions judiciaires Internationales : sur le plan
regional , puis universel (CEDH, OMC, TPIY, TPIR, . . .), evolution qui
s'inscrit dans un contexte de transformations plus profondes des rapports
internationaux. Les chevauchements juridictionnels peuvent augmenter les risques
de contrariete de jugements puisque deux tribunaux peuvent interpreter
differemment une meme regie de droit (TPIY, 15/7/1999, Procureur c. Dusko TadTc)
et nuire a I'unite du droit international.


II conviendrait done de ne creer de nouvelles juridictions qu'en cas d'absolue
necessite. Les juges pourraient en amont evaluer les sources de conflit
juridique et maintenir des contacts appropries avec leurs coUegues.


II serait judicieux, selon Gilbert Guillaume, President de la CIJ, d'encourager
les juges internationaux a poser , le cas echeant, des questions prejudicielles
a la Cour, en vertu de la procedure des avis consultatifs prevue par 1' article
96 de la Charte (demandes d'avis transmises a la Cour par I'intermediaire de 1'
AGNU ou du Conseil de securite) ; cette procedure serait analogue au processus
qui permet aux juges nationaux d'interroger la CJCE sur I'interpretation a
donner du droit communautaire (art. 234, Traite de Rome). Conclusion :


Malgre des reussites notables, I'avenir de la CIJ est lie a revolution de la
justice Internationale. En revanche , on ne peut attendre du juge international
la possibilite de resoudre tous les conflits en jouant un role analogue a celui
du juge interne.


Le juge ne peut etre le seul garant de la paix, mais il peut jouer un role
decisif dans la prevention et la resolution de certains conflits . Bibliographic
:


La CIJ a I'aube du Heme siecle ; le regard d'un juge, par G. Guillaume,
A.Pedone.


DIP, mementos, D.Ruzie, Dalloz.


Lejeu du droit et de la puissance, M.Lefebvre, Puf


Charte des Nations-Unies, 26 Juin 1945.


Legons de droit international public , M.P.de Brichambaut, Presses de Sciences


Po/Dalloz.



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LA COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE


Topics La Cour internationale de Justice Collection opensource Item Size 1.7M

La Cour internationale de Justice
Addeddate 2010-06-02 20:17:40 Identifier LaCourInternationaleDeJustice
Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t1rf6f419 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 8.0 Pages 2 Ppi 300
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