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Thursday, October 14, 2021

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BASAKSEHIR PINE AND SAKURA CITY HOSPITAL

December 1, 2020
3569

By Aysegul Gogus and Atila Zekioglu

Due to its location in a high seismic region and its growing population of over
15 million, Istanbul has been taking efforts to improve its resilience. One of
the key initiatives of the city’s resilience plan is providing world-class
healthcare services in newly built and seismically resilient large public
hospitals.

Başakşehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital is the first city hospital built in
Istanbul as part of the “New City Hospitals” program initiated in 2007 by the
Ministry of Health in Turkey. In April 2020, the hospital partially opened 1,700
beds to assist with the COVID-19 response in Istanbul. The official grand
opening of the 2,682 bed-capacity hospital took place in May 2020, and the
hospital has since been in full service to roughly 32,700 patients per day, with
90 operation theatres and 458 intensive care units.

Use of base-isolation for the new city hospitals, which are located in
high-seismic zones, has been deemed mandatory by the Ministry of Health in
Turkey. Spanning an area of 10 million square feet and featuring 2,068 seismic
isolators, Başakşehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital has become the largest
base-isolated structure in the world. At 332 feet tall, the main hospital
facility consists of three specialty towers, of 14, 16, and 17 stories, three
helipads, and six clinic buildings, all of which share a 5-level common podium
with no seismic joints. The lower three levels of the podium accommodate
underground parking to more than 8,000 cars.

The hospital was built under a Public-Private-Partnership (P3, PPP) model, by
Rönesans Holding, who currently operates in the roles of main contractor and
investor in 28 countries around the globe, as well as Sojitz Corporation, a
Japanese investment and trade corporation. Arup was responsible for the design
of the base-isolation system, the foundations, and the seismic design of the
super-structure. Concept design of the building started in the second quarter of
2016, and the structural design was completed within a year.



In order to achieve enhanced performance objectives for seismic resilience, the
hospital was designed to satisfy ASCE 41 “Immediate Occupancy” performance
objective under a very rare earthquake (BSE-2N) with a drift limit of 1 percent,
and “Operational” performance objective under the design earthquake (BSE-1N)
with drifts limited to 0.5 percent. In order to further minimize damage to
nonstructural components, floor accelerations were limited to 0.2g under BSE-2N
seismic hazard. The final design ensures vital functionality of the hospital not
only for the patients who might need urgent treatment, but also for the
resilience of the community and the city.

The gravity system of the hospital consists of reinforced concrete slabs and
beams supported by cast-in-place concrete columns. Given the size of the
project, a core wall-only lateral system offered the best potential of
story-heights and optimization of concrete and reinforcement quantities. Arup
conducted an extensive wall optimization study in which a total of one hundred
and eighty different wall thickness configurations were evaluated to minimize
construction costs and improve floor efficiency. The study aimed at optimizing
the concrete quantity, while providing sufficient lateral stiffness to the
base-isolated building.

Selection of the isolation system was of utmost importance since the procurement
of isolators was a critical path item for the design and the construction
process, and a primary driver influencing the overall construction cost and
schedule. In order to facilitate the selection of the optimum isolator type and
layout for the project, Arup conducted an isolation scheme optimization study in
which six different schemes were evaluated. These schemes consisted of utilizing
three different types of isolators; triple friction pendulum (TFP) bearings,
lead rubber bearings (LRB), and high damping rubber (HDR) bearings, with various
layouts. Performance of the superstructure and the foundations were also
evaluated for each of the schemes through nonlinear time-history analyses of six
different nonlinear models of the entire building. The analyses were conducted
using seven pairs of horizontal and seven vertical time histories, both for
upper-bound and lower-bound isolator properties, resulting in a total of 168
time-history analyses. Upon presentation of results, Rönesans Holding selected
the TFP bearings, the design of which ensures the hospital can displace by 27
inches at the isolation level during an earthquake.

Examination Waiting Area

The hospital’s large-scale structure and location in a highly active seismic
region made it challenging to analyze. LS-Dyna, which is an advanced finite
element analysis software, was used to expedite the non-linear analysis
workflow. In conjunction with LS-Dyna, digital technology and cloud computing
have been used throughout the design process, from the wall optimization and the
isolator selection studies, to the performance evaluation of the final design.
This improved the efficiency of the design process significantly, enabling Arup
to go beyond standard computational limits and finalize the design of the
hospital within a year. Isolator selection study alone was completed within two
months, at the onset of design development, which enabled Rönesans Holding to
choose the most optimum isolation scheme based on performance, cost, and
schedule. Through traditional means of workflows, analysis, optimization and
design of a structure of this scale and complexity would have taken a couple of
years.

Patient Room

In addition to cloud computing and digital tools implemented to automate the
analysis model generation and post-processing of the results, Arup also
developed a web interface through which performance results of the wall
optimization studies and the associated concrete quantities were shared with the
client. This unique interface allowed Rönesans Holding to be engaged in the
engineering design and to leverage this information as part of their procurement
strategy and process.

Operating Room

In a profession that heavily relies on formulas and rules written in building
codes, as structural engineers, instead of adopting traditional means of
workflows, we should adapt to the rapid advancements in digital technology. This
would allow us time to explore structural system alternatives aligned with the
project needs, and deliver optimized, cost-efficient and sustainable designs of
the ever-growing large-scale, complex projects in our industry without the need
to extend the project schedules.

As structural engineers, we have a unique opportunity to contribute to the
improvement of resiliency in our cities. Without being restricted by the minimum
building code requirements, having clear communication on project specific
seismic performance objectives with our clients at the onset of a project would
allow us to deliver resilient buildings that would remain functional even after
rare earthquake events. This, in conjunction with making digital investments in
the industry, will help us achieve resiliency in our communities.

 * TAGS
 * Arup
 * ASCE 41
 * Atila Zekioglu
 * Aysegul Gogus
 * Basaksehir Pine
 * Basaksehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital
 * COVID-19
 * CS1220
 * digital technology
 * HDR
 * healthcare
 * high damping rubber
 * hospital
 * lead rubber bearings
 * LRB
 * LS-Dyna
 * New City Hospitals
 * P3
 * PPP
 * public-private partnership
 * Rönesans Holding
 * Sakura City Hospital
 * structural engineers
 * structures
 * TFP
 * TFP bearings
 * triple friction pendulum

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