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THE TRAGIC BACKSTORY OF ONE OF THE MOST HAUNTED ROADS IN AMERICA

Generations continue to grapple with ghostly tales along the incomplete "Road to
Nowhere" and its dead-end tunnel in North Carolina.

Lakeview Drive in North Carolina, popularly known as the “Road to Nowhere,” was
meant to connect areas affected by Fontana Dam’s construction. However, due to
environmental concerns and budgetary constraints, the road project was never
completed beyond a 6.5-mile road that leads to a dead end tunnel.
Photograph By David Haas
BySara Murphy
May 30, 2024
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High above Fontana Lake on the North Carolina side of Great Smoky Mountains
National Park lies the Road to Nowhere: a winding 6.5-mile pass that dead ends
at a 1200-foot tunnel accessible only by foot. If you walk it at night, the wind
blows cold, voices carry, and the darkness seems to last forever. The park and
nearby town Bryson City market the Road to Nowhere as a tourist attraction, and
locals like Eligiah Thornton grew up hearing chilling tales of supernatural
danger. There’s “a weird shadow over the place,” he says. 

The sign “Welcome to the Road to Nowhere—a broken promise! 1943-?” reflects the
disappointment felt by locals when the government failed to finish the road,
which was originally planned in 1943 but remains incomplete.
Photograph By David Haas

But what’s truly haunting is the tunnel’s unsettling history. In the 1940s, to
facilitate the construction of Fontana Lake and Dam, the Tennessee Valley
Authority (TVA) assured approximately 200 Appalachia families that they would
construct a road to enable them to visit their ancestral cemeteries in exchange
for relocating their homes. However, in 1969, the government halted construction
due to concerns about potential acid runoff from exposed rocks. 

Although the National Park Service eventually agreed to compensate Swain County
with $52 million instead of completing the road in 2010, this financial
settlement has not resolved the ongoing issue: providing these families
assistance accessing the 26 cemeteries now situated miles away from the
lakeshore, accessible only via steep and poorly maintained trails.



“The promise was not a financial settlement. The promise was to build the road,”
says Karen Marcus, a psychologist in her 60s who has five generations of
ancestors across multiple gravesites. “The promise will never be kept.”


A HISTORY BURIED UNDERWATER

The Road to Nowhere families were the last of 50,000 people across six Southern
Appalachian states forced to relocate so the TVA could build 15 hydroelectric
dams from 1933 to 1943. While the company claims this decade of construction
“transform[ed] the poverty-stricken, often-flooded Valley into a modern,
electrified, and developed slice of America,” the reality of life in the Fontana
Basin was far from the stereotype of the isolated, uneducated, impoverished
mountain dweller. 

Fontana Dam, located in western North Carolina on the Little Tennessee River,
was constructed as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) project during
World War II, primarily to provide electricity for wartime production efforts.
Completed in 1944, Fontana Dam stands as the tallest dam in the eastern...Read
More ---Read More
Photograph By David Haas

“This was an industrial area,” says Daniel S. Pierce, a history professor at the
University of North Carolina, Asheville. 

As railroads began winding through the rugged terrain in the late 1880s, logging
and mining companies followed closely behind, giving rise to thriving towns such
as Proctor, Bushnell, and Judson—all of which were flooded and destroyed when
the Fontana Dam, the largest east of the Mississippi River, was created in the
wake of the Pearl Harbor attack to power a nearby aluminum plant. 

(These ancient mountains witnessed the birth of man and monster.)



While most families impacted saw their towns buried underwater, the homes of the
200 families on what’s now called the North Shore sat above the watermark. But
their only access road to their family cemeteries, did not. Instead of moving
these families’ loved ones, the TVA promised to build a new road so Decoration
Days, an annual Appalachian tradition, which folklorist Alan Jabbour described
as “an act of respect for the dead that reaffirms one’s bonds with those who
have gone before,” could continue. 

“You couldn’t have found a better people—mountain people—to be understand[ing
of] the war effort and want to contribute,” says Leeunah Woods, whose mother,
Helen Cable Vance, grew up there. 

According to Lance Hardin, who studied the dam’s impact on these families, the
TVA took advantage of this generosity of spirit, paying property owners an
average of $38 per acre—less than most relocated families received. 

As a result, land ownership among North Shore residents dropped by a quarter,
and home ownership fell by nearly half. “A lot of the available, small farms
were gone, and so a lot of them really struggled to find something nearby that
could be a replacement to what they were losing,” says Hardin.

(Is building more dams the way to save rivers?)



Pierce says that’s a key reason why the cemeteries hold such profound importance
for these families: “They’ve lost their homes, they’ve lost their businesses,
they lost their schools—you know, all the markers of community. But here’s
what’s left.” 


KEEPING TRADITION ALIVE

As years passed and no road appeared, families would make their own way to their
cemeteries for Decoration Days. In the 1960s, “us boys would go fishing, and the
men would go to the cemeteries and clean them off,” says Henry Chambers,
chairman of the North Shore Cemetery Association. “Just being able to come over
here was special.” 

In 1977, after over 650 people attended a reunion the year prior for the
nation’s Bicentennial, Helen Vance and her kin created the North Shore Cemetery
Association to advocate for the road to be finished and, in the meantime, get
government help to access their cemeteries. Since 1984, park rangers have
ferried families across Fontana Lake and maintained trails for these annual
visits from April to October. Chambers estimates the yearly costs, from travel
costs to repairing graves damaged by weather and wild animals, to be about
$8,000.

(See pictures of death and burial rituals from different cultures.)

To attend a Decoration Day is to understand how connected these families are to
their shared history and what they call the “homeplace.” They clean the
tombstones and decorate the graves with colorful cloth flowers. After the group
sings “Amazing Grace,” Marcus reads a self-penned reflection before leading a
prayer. Then it’s time for a potluck, when the stories flow long and winding as
the creeks that rush nearby. 



Lillian Hyatt shared her scrapbook with articles profiling her great-grandmother
Sarah Palestine “Tiney” Kirkland, a midwife who delivered 627 babies and
designed many home chimneys. Frank March, an amateur historian from Tennessee,
recalled the day 83-year-old Joe Cable, Sr. said that the sheet metal March
found on his family’s old chimney was the fender of his brother’s bicycle. “He
was so excited to be back there,” March says. 

“The park wants everybody to believe the Smokies is wilderness. [But] it has
never been wilderness,” Chambers says. Together and independently, he and March
have mapped over 2700 sites—including homes, churches, schools, and mills—across
the park’s 522,000 acres to prove their point. 

As for the Road to Nowhere’s reputation, the North Shore families don’t put much
store in it. “There’s no ghostly whatever,” says Woods. “It’s just an eerie
feeling in that long of a tunnel to walk.” 

With its cold concrete and graffitied stone, the Road to Nowhere is a dead
place, not a place of the dead. The dead rest in the cemeteries that honor the
generations of Appalachians who called this land their home. 

“They need to come and see it,” says 94-year-old Carrie Laney when asked what
people should know about the Decoration Days. “They’ll come back if they do.” 




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