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 * Innovation
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BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE DEVELOPED IN CHINA DECODES THOUGHT REAL-TIME

NEUROXESS’ NEW BCI, IMPLANTED INTO A EPILEPTIC PATIENT’S BRAIN, COULD NOT ONLY
DECIPHER THE COMPLEX CHINESE LANGUAGE BUT ALSO OPERATE A ROBOTIC ARM AND
INTERACT WITH AI.

Updated: Jan 05, 2025 06:12 AM EST

Christopher McFadden

a day ago

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Representational image of an ongoing experiment with BCI.

oonal/iStock

NeuroXess, a Chinese startup, has made two major breakthroughs in brain-computer
interface (BCI) technology, coming to the aid of a brain-damaged patient. The
first was its ability to decode thoughts to speech in real time, and the other
was remotely controlling a robot arm using thoughts alone.

Testing of the startup’s new BCI also enabled the user to talk to an artificial
intelligence (AI) model and operate a digital avatar. These tests are result of
an experiment undertaken in August 2024 at Huashan Hospital, where
neurosurgeons implanted a 256-channel, high-throughput flexible BCI device into
the patient’s brain.



The patient was a 21-year-old female with epilepsy who had a space-occupying
lesion in the motor area of her brain. Using this interface, NeuroXess could
record and analyze electrocorticogram (ECoG) features from the high-gamma band
of the patient’s brain signals.



According to NeuroXess, these signals correlate with complex cognition and
neural synchronization, offering detailed brain activity data, especially
movement and sensory information.


SPEECH FROM BRAIN SIGNALS

The high-gamma band (70-150 hertz) of ECoG signals were then used to train a
neural network model to decode in real time, achieving a system delay of under
60 milliseconds. They could also map brain function areas accurately within
minutes of the surgery.

Following training, the patient could play table tennis and snake computer games
within just 48 hours. In two weeks, the patient was reportedly able to use
XessOS, NeuroXess’ brain-computer operating system, to operate common smartphone
apps like WeChat and Taobao.




The patient could also control smart home and wheelchair systems, significantly
enhancing her daily life capabilities. While this was impressive, what was more
noteworthy was that the new BCI could decipher speech from the same brain
signals.



The Chinese language, unlike alphabetic languages, uses more brain regions due
to its monosyllabic, tonal, and logographic nature, which makes understanding
brain signals more complex. According to NeuroXess, this required them to
develop more specialized neural mechanisms and decoding methods.


BCI INTERACTS WITH AI

NeuroXess reports that BCI achieved 71% speech decoding accuracy using 142
common Chinese syllables within five days, with a single-character decoding
latency of under 100 milliseconds. This is the highest level of real-time
decoding of Chinese speech that has been achieved in China to date.

The company also released a video showing that the patient’s brain could
directly control robotic hands to grasp an apple and a pear and perform sign
language for ‘Happy New Year, 2025’.



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The device also enabled the patient to operate a digital avatar to say ‘hello’
and interact with the AI model, as seen in the video. The company has proclaimed
this breakthrough as the world’s first “mind-to-AI large model” dialogue.



“Neuralink’s strategy requires implantation into the cerebral cortex, which can
cause damage to brain tissue,” said Tao Hu, founder and chief scientist at
NeuroXess. “Our approach involves the cerebral cortex, which can effectively
avoid potential damage to brain tissue.”

Following this work, the company is now aiming to use its BCI to enhance the
quality of lives of individuals with speech or motor function disabilities like
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), high-level paraplegia, and stroke.

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