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ATTILA, KING OF THE HUNS

Reigned 434-453



> > Although he reigned almost 20 years as king of the Huns, the image of Attila
> > in history and in the popular imagination is based upon two aggressive
> > military campaigns in the last two years of his life which threatened to
> > dramatically redirect the development of Western Europe.
> > 
> > 
> > Attila and his brother succeeded their uncle as leaders of the Huns in 434,
> > with Attila in the junior role until his brother's death (perhaps at
> > Attila's hand) 12 years later. The Hun kingdom was centered in modern-day
> > Hungary. Attila embarked immediately upon a series of wars extending Hun
> > rule from the Rhine across the north of the Black Sea as far as the Caspian
> > Sea. From that base he soon began a long series of saber-rattling
> > negotiations with the capitals of the Roman Empire at Constantinople in the
> > East and Ravenna in the West.
> > 
> > Finally, Attila forged an alliance with the Franks and Vandals and in Spring
> > 451 unleashed his long-threatened attack into the heart of Western Europe.
> > After pillaging a broad swath of cities in his path, he was near obtaining
> > the surrender of Orleans when the combined Roman and Visigoth armies arrived
> > and forced Attila's retreat to the northeast.
> > 
> > Near Troyes the opposing forces joined battle at Chalons in one of the
> > decisive battles of European history. Though the margin of victory was slim,
> > the Western army prevailed, precipitating Attila's withdrawal back across
> > the Rhine and avoiding a decisive shift in the course of political and
> > economic development in Western Europe.
> > 
> > Attila's adventures in the West had not ended, however. In the following
> > year he launched a devastating campaign into Italy.

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Want to learn more?
Here's a useful book:

Attila, King of the Huns:
The Man and the Myth


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