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WIKIPEDIA


PARALLEL PORT


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Parallel port

A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers (personal and
otherwise) for connecting various peripherals. It is also known as a printer
port or Centronics port. The IEEE 1284 standard defines the bi-directional
version of the port.

History

The Centronics Model 101 printer was introduced in 1970 and included the first
parallel interface for printers.cite book |author=Webster, Edward C.
|title=Print Unchained: Fifty Years of Digital Printing: A Saga of Invention and
Enterprise |publisher=DRA of Vermont |location=West Dover, VT |year=2000
|isbn=0-9702617-0-5] The interface was developed by Dr. An Wang, Robert Howard
and Prentice Robinson at Wang Laboratories. The now-familiar connector was
selected because Wang had a surplus stock of 20,000 Amphenol 36-pin micro ribbon
connectors that were originally used for one of their early calculators. The
Centronics parallel interface quickly became a de facto industry standard;
manufacturers of the time tended to use various connectors on the system side,
so a variety of cables were required. For example, early VAX systems used a
DC-37 connector, NCR used the 36-pin micro ribbon connector, Texas Instruments
used a 25-pin card edge connector and Data General used a 50-pin micro ribbon
connector.

Dataproducts introduced a very different implementation of the parallel
interface for their printers. It used a DC-37 connector on the host side and a
50 pin connector on the printer side—either a DD-50 (sometimes incorrectly
referred to as a "DB50") or the block shaped M-50 connector; the M-50 was also
referred to as Winchester. [cite web
|url=http://www.hardwarebook.info/Dataproducts_D-Sub_50_Parallel
|title=Dataproducts D-Sub 50 Parallel |accessdate=2008-01-25 |work=Hardware
Book] [cite web |url=http://www.hardwarebook.info/Dataproducts_M/50_Parallel
|title=Dataproducts M/50 Parallel |accessdate=2008-01-25 |work=Hardware Book]
Dataproducts parallel was available in a short-line for connections up to
convert|50|ft|m and a long-line version for connections from convert|50|ft|m to
convert|500|ft|m. The Dataproducts interface was found on many mainframe systems
up through the 1990s, and many printer manufacturers offered the Dataproducts
interface as an option.

IBM released the IBM Personal Computer in 1981 and included a variant of the
Centronics interface— only IBM logo printers (rebranded from Epson) could be
used with the IBM PC. cite
web|url=http://nemesis.lonestar.org/reference/computers/interfaces/centronics.html
|title=Centronics and IBM Compatible Parallel Printer Interface Pin Assignment
Reference |accessdate=2007-10-05 |last=Durda IV |first=Frank |date=2004 ] IBM
standardized the parallel cable with a DB25F connector on the PC side and the
Centronics connector on the printer side. Vendors soon released printers
compatible with both standard Centronics and the IBM implementation.

IBM implemented an early form of bidirectional interface in 1987. HP introduced
their version of bidirectional, known as "Bitronics", on the LaserJet 4 in 1992.
The Bitronics and Centronics interfaces were superseded by the IEEE 1284
standard in 1994.

Uses

Before the advent of USB, the parallel interface was adapted to access a number
of peripheral devices other than printers. Probably one of the earliest devices
to use parallel were dongles used as a hardware key form of software copy
protection. Zip drives and scanners were early implementations followed by
external modems, sound cards, webcams, gamepads, joysticks and external hard
disk drives and CD-ROM drives. Adapters were available to run SCSI devices via
parallel. Other devices such as EPROM programmers and hardware controllers could
be connected parallel.

Current use

At the consumer level, the USB interface—and in some cases Ethernet—has
effectively replaced the parallel printer port. Many manufacturers of personal
computers and laptops consider parallel to be a legacy port and no longer
include the parallel interface. USB to parallel adapters are available to use
parallel-only printers with USB-only systems. However, due to the simplicity of
its implementation, it is often used for interfacing with custom-made
peripherals, such as the RepRap 3d printer.

Implementation on IBM personal computers

Port addresses

Traditionally IBM PC systems have allocated their first three parallel ports
according to the configuration in the table below.

Unidirectional parallel ports

In early parallel ports the data lines were unidirectional (data out only) so it
was not easily possible to feed data in to the computer. However, a workaround
was possible by using 4 of the 5 status lines. A circuit could be constructed to
split each 8-bit byte into two 4-bit nibbles which were fed in sequentially
through the status lines. Each pair of nibbles was then re-combined into an
8-bit byte.

ee also

* Parallel communications
* Parallel transmission
* IEEE 1284

References

* Axelson, Jan (2000). "Parallel Port Complete". [http://www.lvr.com Lakeview
Research] . ISBN 0-9650819-1-5.
* [http://kernelbook.sourceforge.net/parportbook.pdf The (Linux) Parallel Port
Subsystem by Tim Waugh]

External links

* [http://www.beyondlogic.org/spp/parallel.htm Interfacing to the Standard
Parallel Port]
* [http://lcdinterfacing.googlepages.com/parallelport Video on basics of
standard parallel port]
* [http://www.globu.net/pp/english/pp/ Parallel Port programming and
interfacing]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

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LOOK AT OTHER DICTIONARIES:

 * parallel port — ➔ port1 * * * parallel port UK US noun [C] IT ► a place on a
   computer where you can connect printers, cameras, and other types of
   equipment that store data → Compare SERIAL PORT(Cf. ↑serial port) …  
   Financial and business terms

 * Parallel-Port — Parallel Port,   der Eingabe /Ausgabeanschluss für Geräte mit
   paralleler Schnittstelle. Er enthält 25 Pins, welche Kontrollsignale,
   Statussignale und Datensignale aufnehmen. Die Daten werden über acht
   Leitungen gleichzeitig (parallel) übertragen …   Universal-Lexikon

 * parallel port — noun count COMPUTING a connection between a computer and
   another piece of equipment, for example a printer, that uses more than one
   wire to carry information ─ compare SERIAL PORT …   Usage of the words and
   phrases in modern English

 * parallel port — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms parallel port : singular
   parallel port plural parallel ports computing a connection between a computer
   and another piece of equipment, for example a printer, that uses more than
   one wire to carry information •… …   English dictionary

 * parallel port — noun an interface between a computer and a printer where the
   computer sends multiple bits of information to the printer simultaneously •
   Syn: ↑parallel interface • Hypernyms: ↑interface, ↑port * * * ˈparallel port
   7 [parallel port] …   Useful english dictionary

 * parallel port — lygiagretusis prievadas statusas T sritis informatika
   apibrėžtis ↑Prievadas, per kurį duomenys tarp kompiuterio ir išorinių jo
   įtaisų persiunčiami lygiagrečai, daugeliu laidų. Per lygiagretųjį prievadą
   dažniausiai jungiamas spausdintuvas.… …   Enciklopedinis kompiuterijos
   žodynas

 * parallel port — lygiagrečioji jungtis statusas T sritis informatika
   apibrėžtis ↑Jungtis, per kurią duomenys tarp kompiuterio ir išorinių jo
   įtaisų persiunčiami lygiagrečai, daugeliu laidų. Per lygiagrečiąją jungtį
   dažniausiai jungiamas spausdintuvas. atitikmenys …   Enciklopedinis
   kompiuterijos žodynas

 * parallel port —    An input/output (I/O) port that manages information eight
   bits at a time; often used to connect a parallel printer.    See also
   parallel communications; RS 232 C; serial communications; serial port …  
   Dictionary of networking

 * parallel port — /ˈpærəlɛl pɔt/ (say paruhlel pawt) noun Computers a port
   which enables several bits of data to be sent or received concurrently.
   Compare serial port …  

 * parallel port — noun A physical interface capable of transmitting multiple
   bits of data simultaneously, unlike a serial port …   Wiktionary


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