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A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF PORTRAIT PAINTING

By Artist Christina Carmel

For as long as there has been painting, there has been portraiture. Portrait
paintings date back to at least 5,000 years ago to ancient Egypt, where the art
form is said to have originated (although many other ancient peoples also
practiced portrait artistry). Portraits are defined by the Tate Modern museum as
simply a “representation of a specific person”. Paintings are not the only way
artists can create portraits. Sculptures, photos and drawings are also
considered portraits as long as the art aims to depict the expression, likeness
or mood of a particular person.

‍


2144-2124 BC


STATUE OF GUDEA - THE MET MUSEUM

‍

Some of the earliest known portraits are called the “Statues of Gudea”. 28 of
these little statues remain and are considered portraiture because they all have
similar features which appear to be representative of and unique to Gudea - a
powerful ruler of ancient Lagash.

‍


55-79 AD



Ancient portrait murals from Pompeii have been well-preserved for almost 2000
years by lava and ashes. One of the most famous is titled “Terentius Neo and his
wife”. He holds a scroll and her a tablet - originally thought to be indicative
of their status andeducation. Historians of today now disagree on Terentius
Neo’s profession, some claiming him as a law student while others believe he was
a baker (http://www.portrait-masters.com/history/).

‍


985 AD



During the renaissance and middle ages, portrait artistry began to take on a new
form. Rather than highly realistic features of their subjects, artists of this
time tended to create portraits with stereotypical facial expressions, flat
backgrounds, and a lack of realism (portrait-masters.com).

‍


1503 AD



In 1503 AD, Leonardo da Vinci created perhaps the most iconic portrait of modern
art history: the Mona Lisa. Da Vinci used a different technique than many other
painters of this time. Instead of hard and very realistic lines, da Vinci used
soft and blended brush strokes. While the Mona Lisa is an incredible painting
with her playful smirk and expressive eyes, this painting probably got most of
its notability due to its infamous theft in 1911. During this era, only the
wealthy, powerful, and those with status could afford a portrait painting.
Paints and canvas were hard to come by, and had to be made by apprentices in a
studio.


MID TO LATE 1800S


VINCENT VAN GOGH SELF-PORTRAIT 1887

‍

With the Industrial Revolution came mass production of art supplies. This meant
that for the first time, middle class families could afford to purchase supplies
and learn to paint. Notable French painters such as Gustave Courbet and Honoré
Daumier were part of the Social Realism movement, and for the first time
depicted portraits of the middle and working classes at the time. This is also
the time when the Impressionists and Post Impressionists began questioning the
nature of portrait artistry, and pushing their artistic boundaries.

Perhaps the two most revolutionary artists of this period were Vincent Van Gogh
and Paul Gauguin. Both created portraits in the late 1800’s that were shockingly
different than any portraits that had been created up until this time
(craftsy.com).

‍


EARLY 1900S

During this time, artists began exploring the inner psyche of their sitter, more
so than their facial features or expressions. Portraiture emerged as an
exploration into human psychology, with artists such as Matisse and Picasso
playing with color, line, and form like never before.


PABLO PICASSO PORTRAIT OF DORA MAAR 1937

‍


1960S


ANDY WARHOL MARILYN MONROE 1962

‍

In the mid-1900s, portrait artistry began to become less popular - instead
making way for abstract and conceptual arts. In the 1960s, however, artists such
as Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein brought portraits back to the limelight with
the introduction of pop-art.

‍


TODAY


MONKEY SELFIE TAKEN BY NATURO THE MONKEY. COPYRIGHT: DAVID SLATER

‍

Perhaps the form of portrait artistry that is most widely practiced today is the
art of the selfie. With our cell phones, we have all become expert portrait
artists, snapping photos of those we love and ourselves in a variety of places
and situations. In the art world, portrait artistry and portrait paintings
continue to be a popular art form that can take many, many different approaches
and forms.

‍


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