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RANKING OF COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST WATER STRESS

Global demand for water is rising and many countries around the world are facing
severe water stress.


 * 1. West to this country is Saudi Arabia
 * 2. It has a total number of nine islands, one of which is the Bubiyan
   Island.  
 * 3. One of its emirates has atrificial islands like, for example, Burj
   al-Arab and Palm Islands
 * 4. This country only has one land border, south, with Saudi Arabia. The rest
   of the territory borders the Persian Gulf
 * 5. The capital of this country is Muscat
 * 6. It's the second country with the largest population in the World.

Do you know what does hydric stress mean? Have you ever imagined what would
happen if you ran out of water? In Cape Town, South Africa, the authorities were
on the verge of declaring “Day Zero” in early 2018, which would have made it the
first world city ever to be forced to cut the supply because of the water
scarcity. Significant supply restrictions and subsequent heavy rainfall were
thankfully enough to restore dam levels and to allay fears, for now, of such a
drastic scenario actually occurring. Water stress led authorities to reduce
consumption to 50 litres per inhabitant/day, while recommending two-minute
showers and placing a ban on watering gardens, washing cars or filling swimming
pools. The situation was so dire that plans were put in place to cut off the
supply to 75% of the city’s taps, forcing the city’s nearly four million
inhabitants to pick up their water from one of just 22 water collection points.



Water stress is a concept that is used when demand for water exceeds available
volume or when use is restricted due to poor water quality. Water stress is
considered to exist where the annual supply of water in a country or region
falls below 1,700 cubic metres per individual, i.e. between eight and nine
glasses of water a day. According to the United Nations, one out of every six
people in the world now finds themselves in this situation, making it a truly
global problem that is becoming increasingly worrisome. In many countries, water
is being consumed much faster than it is being replenished. The waste of water
in cities is a challenge that we must face immediately.

The causes of water stress are varied and complex, but the climate crisis and
global warming are both constant menaces. Other factors include demographic
growth, climatic disruptions and shorter wet seasons, pollution of riverbeds due
to industrial activity, human mismanagement of water resources and armed
conflict.

The poorest countries tend to be the hardest hit. According to figures released
by Action Against Hunger, in Syria more than half of the water network has been
damaged in the fighting, and in Yemen, the population without access to safe
water has risen from 40% to 70% since the start of the conflict.

Nearly one-fifth of all countries worldwide will face water scarcity problems by
2040. According to an analysis conducted by the World Resources Institute (WRI),
a non-profit organisation that investigates the planet's natural resources,
these are the countries with the most severe water stress updated in 2019:



 * Qatar
 * Israel
 * Lebanon
 * Iran
 * Jordan
 * Lebanon
 * Kuwait
 * Saudi Arabia
 * Eritrea
 * United Arab Emirates
 * San Marino
 * Bahrain
 * India
 * Pakistan
 * Turkmenistan
 * Oman

(See complete list here)

 


THE MOST VULNERABLE COUNTRIES ARE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Of the 33 countries most likely to encounter water stress and water supply cuts
in 2040, 14 are located in the Middle East, an area with high temperatures and
very little rainfall, meaning very few rivers flow all year round. It is also an
area plagued with political unrest and territorial disputes. Nine of these
countries could face severe water scarcity: Bahrain, Kuwait, Palestine, the
United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Lebanon.

 


WATER STRESS COULD IMPACT THE WORLD’S MAJOR ECONOMIES.

While they are unlikely to face the alarming water stress affecting the Middle
East, world superpowers such as the United States, China and India will still
have to contend with major problems associated with water scarcity, especially
in certain regions such as the Southwestern United States or the Chinese
province of Ningxia, where water scarcity could rise from 40% to 70%.

In South America, Chile is currently one of the precarious countries, having
deteriorated from average water stress in 2010 to now being considered one of
the locations likely to see extremely high water stress by 2040, mainly as a
result of rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns in the region

Spain and Greece top the table of European countries most affected by water
stress, joining their neighbouring countries in North Africa.

How can we reduce the threat of water stress? There are still many things we can
do to reduce water-related risks before it is too late. As is almost always the
way, we will have to count on the full commitment and support of governments,
local institutions, the private sector and the individual will of each and every
one of us: limiting the use of water for certain activities, planting more
efficient crops, championing water purification and desalination
infrastructures, replanting forests, reducing food waste and promoting more
sustainable diets.

 

Sources: World Resources Institute, Aquae Foundation, Twenergy


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