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IRAQ HOLDS ITS FIRST CENSUS IN NEARLY 40 YEARS

Baghdad (AFP) – Iraq is holding its first nationwide census in nearly four
decades this week, a long-awaited count in a nation that has been blighted by
sectarian and ethnic divisions.

Cars drive past Baghdad's Seventeen Ramadan Mosque on November 19 ahead of
Iraq's first census in nearly 40 years © AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / AFP
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The census is scheduled for Wednesday and Thursday, and will provide sorely
needed up-to-date demographic data for the country which has an estimated
population of around 44 million.

It will be the first census to cover all 18 governorates since 1987, when
dictator Saddam Hussein was in power, following repeated delays caused by years
of war and political tensions between factions.

"More generally across the country, parliamentary representation will change,"
said Hamzeh Hadad, a visiting fellow at the European Council on Foreign
Relations (ECFR).

With one member of parliament allocated by the constitution per 100,000 Iraqis,
"having an official census will mean the numbers will have to be adjusted" based
on the new demographic breakdown, he said.

A count conducted in 1997 excluded the three northern provinces that make up the
autonomous Kurdistan region.

The upcoming census has reignited tensions between Baghdad and Kurdistan over
disputed territories in the north.

The census includes religion but does not differentiate between sects, such as
Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and, unlike previous counts, it excludes ethnicity.

"There are some crucial details in this census that might be missing to appease
all sides to finally allow it to take place," Hadad added.

Iraq has been keen to conduct the census for budgetary reasons.

Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani said the census was important for
"development and planning steps in all sectors that contribute to the
advancement and progress of Iraq", where electricity is scarce and
infrastructure largely in disrepair.


TWO-DAY CURFEW

During the census a two-day curfew will operate, with families having to stay at
home so 120,000 researchers can collect data directly from households.

A questionnaire seen by AFP records the number of people per household, health
status, education level, employment status, number of cars and even an inventory
of household appliances, so standards of living can be assessed.

Iraq has spent much of the past few decades devastated by conflict and
sanctions, including a sectarian struggle after the US-led invasion 2003 toppled
Saddam and the emergence of the Islamic State group in 2014.

Demographics are likely to have shifted with the exile of hundreds of thousands
of Christians, and also of tens of thousands of Yazidi families who were
displaced from Sinjar by atrocities committed by IS extremists.

Iraq has regained some semblance of stability in recent years, despite sporadic
violence and political turmoil.

To organise the count, authorities partnered with the United Nations Population
Fund (UNFPA), in an effort to generate "accurate demographic information,
facilitating effective policymaking and promoting inclusive growth".

After years of uncertainty, the census will reveal "the reality of Iraq in its
smallest details", said planning ministry spokesman Abdel-Zahra al-Hindawi.

"We will be able to diagnose all the problems that paralyse development in the
areas of health, education, housing," he added.


DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFT

Previous censuses were cancelled mainly because of tensions over disputed
territories between the Kurdish, Arab, and Turkoman communities in the northern
governorates of Kirkuk and Nineveh.

There is still "a lot of sensitivity over disputed territories", said the ECFR's
Hadad.

"It's not just the Arabisation policy under Saddam Hussein. But the reversal of
it and Kurdification of disputed territories post-2003. So it's not one-sided."

Fahmi Burhane, a Kurdistan region official focused on the disputed territories,
voiced long-standing fears among Kurds about a demographic shift in Kirkuk and
other areas claimed by both Baghdad and Arbil.

"If we look at past censuses, the number of Kurds has gradually decreased in the
Kurdish regions outside autonomous Kurdistan," he said, referring to the
movement of Arabs into areas such as Kirkuk under Saddam.

"Arab neighbourhoods have been built in recent years, which absolutely do not
correspond to normal population growth," he said.

In the census, Baghdad has agreed to register only the descendants of families
who were present in the disputed territories during the 1957 count, in order to
prevent subsequent waves of migration from disrupting the demographic balance.
Newcomers will be counted in their province of origin.

Burhane said the Iraqi government has been able to "alleviate certain concerns"
over the poll.

© 2024 AFP


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