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CAPMED-TNBC

CapMed-TNBC is a database and a web tool storing and analyzing high-throughput
data from multiple levels showing breast cancer cell response to CAP treatment.
All data stored are from Dr. Xiaofeng Dai’s lab.

Plasma is the fourth state of matter besides solid, liquid, gas, which comprises
of over 99% of the visible universe. It is an ionised gas enriched with
biologically and chemically reactive species, including charged electrons and
ions, as well as radicals, atoms, and molecules in neutral (e.g., excited) or
charged forms, where the electric charge can be positive or negative. In
addition to chemical species, plasmas produce electromagnetic radiation,
propagating disturbances such as shock waves and heating, among other effects.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is partially ionized gas generated at the room
temperature and the atmospheric temperature. It is comprised of a cocktail of
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) such as hydroxyl radical (OH•),
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ozone (O3), singleton oxygen (O), superoxide (O2-),
nitric oxide (NO), and nitrite in the form of anion or proton (OONO-, ONOOH),
which can generate desired biological effects in a controlled manner with a good
degree of spatiotemporal resolution.

In the laboratory, CAP can be easily generated by applying an electric field to
the process gas, typically pure helium or argon, or their mixtures with oxygen.
This electric field accelerates electrons and initiates a cascade of chemical
reactions that give rise to a diverse range of chemical species. The amount of
applied energy, and the type and pressure of the processing gas determine both
the speed (and thus the temperature) and the chemistry of this cocktail of
species, and as such are commonly used to tune the properties of CAP for a given
application.

Different from other onco-therapeutic modalities, CAP can selectively kill
transformed cells without harming healthy cells under appropriate dosage.
Incremental evidence has suggested the feasibility of using CAP for treating
cancers ever since its initial application in the field of oncology in 2007. So
far, the onco-therapeutic potential of CAP has been demonstrated in a plethora
of cancers including breast cancers and in particular triple negative breast
cancers (TNBCs) that do not respond to targeted or hormonal therapies commonly
used for treating breast cancers.



In the clinics, CAP technology may compliment surgery as an adjuvant therapy. Of
particular clinical interest is the ability of CAP to penetrate into tissues and
effectively target cancer cells that have infiltrated healthy tissue adjacent to
the tumour mass. These infiltrating cells are difficult to isolate and remove
during the removal of the primary tumour and as a result surgeons often opt for
the resection of large margins around the tumour. With CAP, these margins could
be selectively cleared of cancer cells without the need to remove large areas of
normal tissue.

In addition to selective targeting of cancer cells, CAP can be used in wound
healing, where it decontaminates and stimulates tissue regeneration. When used
on biomaterials, CAP treatment can remove biological and chemical contaminants,
functionalise, structure, and activate the surface to control cell–surface
interactions, for example, to prevent biofouling or stimulate osseointegration,
and deposit functional thin films, for example, antimicrobial or drug release
coatings.


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