pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Open in urlscan Pro
2600:1901:0:c831:: Public Scan

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Submitted URL:
https://livres-sante-naturelle.acemlnb.com/lt.php?x=3TZy~GE2KaKiDKF_zNxGUhFu~XNWugMkweg1jHXLIaLOEH3~-ky.zuRs2I2miNPvnuZAXHTIJ-TMHaWtO_PKUOZ...
Effective URL:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18561514/
Submission: On October 13 via api (October 13th 2024, 9:14:06 pm UTC) from BE — Scanned from US

Form analysis
10 forms found in the DOM

GET /

<form action="/" method="get" autocomplete="off" class="usa-search usa-search-big search-form content-page-layout" id="search-form" role="search">
  <div class="inner-wrap">
    <a class="pubmed-logo" aria-label="Pubmed Logo" href="/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="pubmed_logo">


        <img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4641ae3e-84c3-469a-8e8e-6e566d3ba04f/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg" alt="pubmed logo">
      
    </a>
    <a href="#" class="search-input-trigger" data-alt-title="Hide search bar" title="Show search bar" aria-label="Show search bar" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
    </a>
    <div role="search" class="search-input">
      <div class="form-field ">
        <label class="usa-sr-only" for="id_term"> Search: </label>
        <span class="twitter-typeahead ncbi-autocomplete"><input type="search" name="term" data-skip-ie-scroll-to-top="" data-replace-term-with-exact="" data-exact-query="" placeholder="" class="term-input tt-input" required="required" id="id_term"
            spellcheck="false" dir="auto" style="position: relative; vertical-align: top;" aria-owns="id_term_listbox" role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-expanded="false"><span role="status" aria-live="polite"
            style="position: absolute; padding: 0px; border: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1px; margin-bottom: -1px; margin-right: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); white-space: nowrap;"></span>
          <pre aria-hidden="true"
            style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden; white-space: pre; font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Fira Sans&quot;, &quot;Droid Sans&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; text-indent: 0px; text-rendering: auto; text-transform: none;"></pre>
          <div role="listbox" class="tt-menu" id="id_term_listbox" aria-expanded="false" style="position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0px; z-index: 100; display: none;">
            <div role="presentation" class="tt-dataset tt-dataset-0"></div>
          </div>
        </span><a href="#" class="clear-btn" aria-label="Clear search input" title="Clear search input" role="button" data-pinger-ignore=""></a><button type="submit" class="search-btn" aria-label="Search" data-pinger-ignore=""><span
            class="usa-search-submit-text">Search</span></button>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- Create alert and Create RSS are buttons that look like links -->
    <!-- Better for them to look like buttons but no space -->
    <div class="search-links-wrapper content-page-layout">
      <div class="search-links">
        <a href="/advanced/" class="search-input-link adv-search-link" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a>
        <a href="/clipboard/" class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="clipboard">
          Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span>
        </a>
      </div>
      <span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
        <a href="/help/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="user_guide">
            User Guide
          </a>
      </span>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

POST /results-export-ids/

<form id="save-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post"
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  <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CaDJr65HChVhgf03wysQLZwqrG2tQJy7RTWd61M6KSwHsuDC0QqaeItiZTCK2eTP">
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label>
    <select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
      <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
      <option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
      <option value="pmid">PMID</option>
      <option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
      <option value="csv">CSV</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-actions">
    <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button>
    <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel" ref="linksrc=close_save_panel" aria-controls="save-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save"
      data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button>
  </div>
</form>

POST /send-email/

<form id="email-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/send-email/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/send-email/" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"
  method="post">
  <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CaDJr65HChVhgf03wysQLZwqrG2tQJy7RTWd61M6KSwHsuDC0QqaeItiZTCK2eTP">
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <span class="action-panel-label"> Subject: </span>
    <span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 18561514 - PubMed</span>
    <input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 18561514">
    <input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="4f0a7571b9f91057598dd6156deeab95b8af01bfca5a7a678a1828255789ed1a">
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> To: </label>
    <input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required="">
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label"> From: </label>
    <input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label>
    <select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
      <option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
      <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
      <option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
      <option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="include-supplemental-container" style="display: none;">
    <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
    <label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
  </div>
  <div class="form-field recaptcha ">
    <div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
  </div>
  <div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
  <div class="action-panel-actions">
    <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="send"> Send email </button>
    <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel" ref="linksrc=close_email_panel" aria-controls="email-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="cancel">
      Cancel </button>
  </div>
  <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524">
</form>

<form id="collections-action-panel-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
  data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
  data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
  <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CaDJr65HChVhgf03wysQLZwqrG2tQJy7RTWd61M6KSwHsuDC0QqaeItiZTCK2eTP">
  <div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
    <ul class="radio-group-items">
      <li>
        <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
        <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
      </li>
      <li>
        <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
        <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <div class="controls-wrapper">
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
      <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label>
      <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=<>/"
        maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
      <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div>
    </div>
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
      <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label>
      <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection"
        data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
      </select>
      <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
        <a href="#">Please try again</a>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-actions">
    <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore="" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add" disabled=""> Add </button>
    <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections"
      data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button>
  </div>
</form>

<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
  data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
  data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
  <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CaDJr65HChVhgf03wysQLZwqrG2tQJy7RTWd61M6KSwHsuDC0QqaeItiZTCK2eTP">
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
    <div class="choice-group">
      <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
        <li>
          <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked="">
          <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
    <a href="#">Please try again</a>
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-actions">
    <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore=""> Add </button>
    <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib"
      data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button>
  </div>
</form>

<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
  data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
  <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CaDJr65HChVhgf03wysQLZwqrG2tQJy7RTWd61M6KSwHsuDC0QqaeItiZTCK2eTP">
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label>
    <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required="" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=<>/">
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label>
    <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required=""></textarea>
  </div>
  <div class="test-search-term-wrap">
    <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
  </div>
  <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
    <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span>
    <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
      <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
      <ul class="radio-group-items">
        <li>
          <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked="">
          <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
        </li>
        <li>
          <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
          <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </fieldset>
  </div>
  <div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
      <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label>
      <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
    </div>
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
      <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label>
      <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
        <option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
        <option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
        <option value="daily">Daily</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
      <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label>
      <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
        <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
        <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
        <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
        <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
        <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
        <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
        <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
        <option value="day">The first day</option>
        <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional" style="display: none;">
      <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label>
      <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
        <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
        <option value="Monday">Monday</option>
        <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
        <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
        <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
        <option value="Friday">Friday</option>
        <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
      <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label>
      <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
        <option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
        <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
        <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
        <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
        <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
      <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label>
      <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
        <option value="1">1 item</option>
        <option value="5" selected="">5 items</option>
        <option value="10">10 items</option>
        <option value="20">20 items</option>
        <option value="50">50 items</option>
        <option value="100">100 items</option>
        <option value="200">200 items</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div>
      <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
      <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label>
    </div>
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
      <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label>
      <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-actions">
    <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button>
    <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert"
      data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button>
  </div>
</form>

POST /results-export-ids/

<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post"
  data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post">
  <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CaDJr65HChVhgf03wysQLZwqrG2tQJy7RTWd61M6KSwHsuDC0QqaeItiZTCK2eTP">
  <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed">
  <div class="action-panel-actions">
    <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button>
    <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share"
      data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button>
  </div>
</form>

<form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="CaDJr65HChVhgf03wysQLZwqrG2tQJy7RTWd61M6KSwHsuDC0QqaeItiZTCK2eTP">
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
    <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label>
    <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value="" required="" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=<>/">
  </div>
  <div class="rss-limit-wrap">
    <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
      <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label>
      <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
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        <option value="10">10</option>
        <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
        <option value="20">20</option>
        <option value="50">50</option>
        <option value="100">100</option>
      </select>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-actions">
    <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button>
    <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel
    </button>
  </div>
  <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
    <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
    <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
    <button type="button" disabled="" class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button>
  </div>
</form>

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Review
Vasc Health Risk Manag
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. 2008;4(2):395-402.
doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s2434.


RISK FACTORS FOR VASCULAR DEMENTIA: HYPOTENSION AS A KEY POINT

Rita Moretti  1 , Paola Torre, Rodolfo M Antonello, Davide Manganaro, Cristina
Vilotti, Gilberto Pizzolato
Affiliations Expand



AFFILIATION

 * 1 Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Neurology, University of
   Trieste, Italy. moretti@univ.trieste.it

 * PMID: 18561514
 * PMCID: PMC2496988
 * DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s2434

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Review


RISK FACTORS FOR VASCULAR DEMENTIA: HYPOTENSION AS A KEY POINT

Rita Moretti et al. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008.
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. 2008;4(2):395-402.
doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s2434.


AUTHORS

Rita Moretti  1 , Paola Torre, Rodolfo M Antonello, Davide Manganaro, Cristina
Vilotti, Gilberto Pizzolato


AFFILIATION

 * 1 Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Neurology, University of
   Trieste, Italy. moretti@univ.trieste.it

 * PMID: 18561514
 * PMCID: PMC2496988
 * DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s2434

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ABSTRACT

Physiologically, the cerebral autoregulation system allows maintenance of
constant cerebral blood flow over a wide range of blood pressure. In old people,
there is a progressive reshape of cerebral autoregulation from a sigmoid curve
to a straight line. This implies that any abrupt change in blood pressure will
result in a rapid and significant change in cerebral blood flow. Hypertension
has often been observed to be a risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and
sometimes for Alzheimer disease although not always. Indeed, high blood pressure
may accelerate cerebral white matter lesions, but white matter lesions have been
found to be facilitated by excessive fall in blood pressure, including
orthostatic dysregulation and postprandial hypotension. Many recent studies
observed among other data, that there was a correlation between systolic
pressure reduction and cognitive decline in women, which was not accounted for
by other factors. Baseline blood pressure level was not significantly related to
cognitive decline with initial good cognition. Some researchers speculate that
blood pressure reduction might be an early change of the dementing process. The
most confounding factor is that low pressure by itself might be a predictor of
death; nevertheless, the effect of low blood pressure on cognition is
underestimated because of a survival bias. Another explanation is that
clinically unrecognized vascular lesions in the brain or atherosclerosis are
responsible for both cognitive decline and blood pressure reduction. We discuss
the entire process, and try to define a possible mechanism that is able to
explain the dynamic by which hypotension might be related to dementia.

PubMed Disclaimer


SIMILAR ARTICLES

 * Blood pressure and dementia in the elderly: epidemiologic perspectives.
   Guo Z, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Guo Z, et al. Biomed
   Pharmacother. 1997;51(2):68-73. doi: 10.1016/s0753-3322(97)87729-3. Biomed
   Pharmacother. 1997. PMID: 9161470 Review.
 * Brain hypoperfusion: a critical factor in vascular dementia.
   Román GC. Román GC. Neurol Res. 2004 Jul;26(5):454-8. doi:
   10.1179/016164104225017686. Neurol Res. 2004. PMID: 15265263 Review.
 * Relationship between vascular factors and white matter low attenuation of the
   brain.
   Räihä I, Tarvonen S, Kurki T, Rajala T, Sourander L. Räihä I, et al. Acta
   Neurol Scand. 1993 Apr;87(4):286-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05509.x.
   Acta Neurol Scand. 1993. PMID: 8503257
 * Hypertension and dementia.
   Nagai M, Hoshide S, Kario K. Nagai M, et al. Am J Hypertens. 2010
   Feb;23(2):116-24. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2009.212. Epub 2009 Nov 19. Am J
   Hypertens. 2010. PMID: 19927134 Review.
 * Cognitive decline and low blood pressure: the other side of the coin.
   Maule S, Caserta M, Bertello C, Verhovez A, Naso D, Bisbocci D, Veglio F.
   Maule S, et al. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008 Nov;30(8):711-9. doi:
   10.1080/10641960802573344. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008. PMID: 19021022

See all similar articles


CITED BY

 * Cardiovascular dysautonomia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
   (Review).
   Khalil I, Sayad R, Kedwany AM, Sayed HH, Caprara ALF, Rissardo JP. Khalil I,
   et al. Med Int (Lond). 2024 Sep 19;4(6):70. doi: 10.3892/mi.2024.194.
   eCollection 2024 Nov-Dec. Med Int (Lond). 2024. PMID: 39355336 Free PMC
   article. Review.
 * Association between Blood Pressure and Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A
   Meta-Analysis.
   Huang H, Zhan Y, Yu L, Li S, Cai X. Huang H, et al. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024
   May 16;25(5):174. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2505174. eCollection 2024 May. Rev
   Cardiovasc Med. 2024. PMID: 39076476 Free PMC article.
 * Joint effects of air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status on
   cognitive decline - Mediation by depression, high cholesterol levels, and
   high blood pressure.
   Mei Y, Christensen GM, Li Z, Waller LA, Ebelt S, Marcus M, Lah JJ, Wingo AP,
   Wingo TS, Hüls A. Mei Y, et al. Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 1;923:171535.
   doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171535. Epub 2024 Mar 6. Sci Total Environ.
   2024. PMID: 38453069
 * Prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with
   hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
   Xie C, Zhong D, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Luo X, Gong Y, Jiang W, Jin R, Li J.
   Xie C, et al. Front Neurol. 2024 Feb 13;14:1271437. doi:
   10.3389/fneur.2023.1271437. eCollection 2023. Front Neurol. 2024. PMID:
   38414728 Free PMC article.
 * Multimorbidity and Blood Pressure Control in Patients Attending Primary Care
   in Canada.
   Nguyen TN, Kalia S, Hanlon P, Jani BD, Nicholl BI, Christie CD, Aliarzadeh B,
   Moineddin R, Harrison C, Chow C, Fortin M, Mair FS, Greiver M. Nguyen TN, et
   al. J Prim Care Community Health. 2023 Jan-Dec;14:21501319231215025. doi:
   10.1177/21501319231215025. J Prim Care Community Health. 2023. PMID: 38097504
   Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles


REFERENCES

 1. 1. Akiguchi I, Tomimoto H, Suenaga T, et al. Alterations in glia and axons
       in the brains of Binswanger’s disease patients. Stroke. 2007;28:1423–9. -
       PubMed
 2. 1. Bolster BD, Serfaty JM, Atalar E. In vivo measurements of pulse wave in
       small vessels using intravenous MR. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45:53–60. -
       PubMed
 3. 1. Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C. Projections of Alzheimer’s disease in the
       United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset. Am
       J Public Health. 1998;88:1337–42. - PMC - PubMed
 4. 1. Brown WD, Frackowiak RSJ. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism studies in
       multi-infarct dementia. Alzh Dis Assoc Dis. 1991;5:131–43. - PubMed
 5. 1. Brun A. The neuropathology of vascular dementia and its overlap with
       Alzheimer’s Disease. In: O’Brien J, Ames D, Gstafson L, editors.
       Cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment and dementia. London:
       Martin Dunitz; 2004. pp. 103–16.

Show all 77 references



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