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CDC FINDS YOUTH MARIJUANA USE FELL IN WASHINGTON STATE’S LARGEST COUNTY AFTER
ADULT-USE LEGALIZATION
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SCIENCE & HEALTH
CDC FINDS YOUTH MARIJUANA USE FELL IN WASHINGTON STATE’S LARGEST COUNTY AFTER
ADULT-USE LEGALIZATION
Published
3 hours ago
on
January 19, 2024
By
Ben Adlin
Marijuana use among teens in Washington State’s most populous county declined
after legalization of cannabis for adults, according to a new federal study
published on Thursday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The prevalence of current and frequent use fell significantly among youth in
grades 8, 10 and 12 between 2008 and 2021.
According to the study, published in CDC’s latest Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
Report, current and frequent use of marijuana among teens in King County has
fallen significantly since state voters legalized adult-use cannabis by
initiative in November 2012.
Researchers said legalization and related regulations and age controls could
have have fueled the trend by making marijuana harder for teens to access,
though they also said the COVID pandemic may have contributed to more recent
declines.
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Between 2008 and 2021, current use—defined as having used marijuana at least
once in the past month—fell from highs of 20.4 percent among males (in 2010) and
15.5 percent among females (in 2012) down to 7.7 percent and 9.0 percent,
respectively, in 2021.
“The legalization of nonmedical cannabis for adults aged ≥21 years in Washington
with licensed dispensaries requiring proof of age might have affected
availability of cannabis to younger persons as well as their opportunities to
engage in its use,” the CDC report says. “This, in turn, might have had an
impact on use prevalence.”
“In 2012, Washington was among the first states to legalize nonmedical cannabis
use for adults aged ≥21 years, prompting concern about how this measure might
affect use by younger persons. Multiple factors might lead to increased cannabis
use by youths, including increased permissiveness, reduced perception of
potential harm, and an increase in alternative consumption methods (e.g.,
edibles and vaping). Despite these concerns, however, data from Washington
suggest that legalization was not associated with increased cannabis use by
adolescents and young adults.”
Researchers drew data from Washington’s Healthy Youth Survey, administered to
public school students by the state’s Department of Health. In addition to
analyzing current use, they also examined “frequent use,” referring to use on
six or more days within the past month.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
While the trend of lower teen use rates began shortly after legalization in the
state, study authors said the COVID-19 outbreak, which led to stay-at-home
orders beginning in March 2020, may have exaggerated the decline more recently.
“With increased time spent at home, students might have been subject to
increased parental supervision, which could deter substance use, including use
of cannabis,” the report says. “Increased parental supervision could have been
compounded by limited access to cannabis, if a main source was from friends or
social settings away from the home.”
Since peaking around 2010 and 2012, youth use has more or less steadily fallen,
survey results indicate. Frequent use among males, for example, fell to 7.5
percent in 2014, to 7.2 percent in 2016, to 6.5 percent in 2018 and to 3.7
percent in 2021.
Use by female students has dropped as well, albeit less precipitously. After a
local peak in 2012 of 15.5 percent current use, reported rates were 15.2 percent
in 2014, 14.6 percent in 2016, 15.1 percent in 2018 and 9.0 percent in 2021.
Notably, 2021 was the first and only year of survey data that showed a higher
prevalence of current use among female respondents, though males were still
slightly more likely to report frequent use.
What were once striking differences in marijuana use prevalence rates between
males and females has nearly disappeared in recent years, the CDC study found.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Past research has indicated that cannabis use among young people has generally
declined amid the state-level legalization, authors Precious Esie of CDC and
Myduc Ta of Public Health—Seattle and King County wrote, but “less is known
about sex-specific trends.”
While the report speculated that the differences in cannabis use by sex could be
related to evolving social norms around marijuana, they encouraged future
studies to “examine trends in cannabis use norms by sex, and the association
between norms and cannabis use by sex.”
“Although downward trends in cannabis use among King County students in grades
8, 10, and 12 are encouraging,” researchers concluded, “continued monitoring is
necessary to better understand longer-term effects of social phenomena,
including cannabis legalization and pandemic-related disruptions, and to assess
whether observed decreases are sustained. It is important for monitoring to
prioritize identifying differences across demographic characteristics, including
sex or gender identity, which can potentially support the development of
tailored interventions and ensure equity in programmatic cannabis use reduction
and prevention measures.”
The findings come shortly after a separate study of Canadian high school
students found that the proportion of youth who said marijuana was easy to
access fell after legalization—a phenomenon authors of that study attributed to
Canada’s national legalization of marijuana as well as COVID-related social
distancing.
Last month, meanwhile, a U.S. health official said that teen marijuana use has
not increased “even as state legalization has proliferated across the country.”
“There have been no substantial increases at all,” said Marsha Lopez, chief of
the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s (NIDA) epidemiological research branch.
“In fact, they have not reported an increase in perceived availability either,
which is kind of interesting.”
A separate, earlier analysis from CDC found that rates of current and lifetime
cannabis use among high school students have continued to drop amid the
legalization movement.
A study of high school students in Massachusetts that was published last
November found that youth in that state were no more likely to use marijuana
after legalization, though more students perceived their parents as cannabis
consumers after the policy change.
A separate NIDA-funded study published in the American Journal of Preventive
Medicine in 2022 also found that state-level cannabis legalization was not
associated with increased youth use.
The study demonstrated that “youth who spent more of their adolescence under
legalization were no more or less likely to have used cannabis at age 15 years
than adolescents who spent little or no time under legalization.”
Yet another 2022 study from Michigan State University researchers, published in
the journal PLOS One, found that “cannabis retail sales might be followed by the
increased occurrence of cannabis onsets for older adults” in legal states, “but
not for underage persons who cannot buy cannabis products in a retail outlet.”
The trends were observed despite adult use of marijuana and certain psychedelics
reaching “historic highs” in 2022, according to separate data released last
year.
A Gallup poll from last summer, meanwhile, found that fully half of all American
adults have tried marijuana at some point in their lives, with rates of active
cannabis consumption surpassing that of tobacco. Broken down by age, 29 percent
of those 18–34 said they currently smoke marijuana, though that’s not
necessarily representative of overall cannabis use, because the survey only
asked about smoking and not other modes of consumption such as edibles, vaping
or tinctures.
> Washington Lawmakers Hear Multiple Marijuana Bills, Including On Home
> Cultivation And THC Limits
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Don't Miss
Marijuana Study Comparing U.S. And Canada Finds Broad Legalization Support And
Similar Use Rates Despite Differing National Policies
Ben Adlin
Ben Adlin, a senior editor at Marijuana Moment, has been covering cannabis and
other drug policy issues professionally since 2011. He was previously a senior
news editor at Leafly, an associate editor at the Los Angeles Daily Journal and
a Coro Fellow in Public Affairs. He lives in Washington State.
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