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https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-a-good-nights-sleep-can-do-for-your-heart-11658066400


iStock
Health & Wellness


WHAT A GOOD NIGHT’S SLEEP CAN DO FOR YOUR HEART


THE KEY TO A HEALTHIER HEART MIGHT BE YOUR SLEEP. NEW GUIDELINES REFLECT A
GROWING UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SLEEP HELPS OUR HEARTS.

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By
Betsy Morris
July 17, 2022 10:00 am ET

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New health guidelines put a spotlight on the link between a good night’s sleep
and a healthy heart.

The American Heart Association last month added sleep to its list of factors
critical to heart health, a list that includes seven others such as diet,
physical activity and blood pressure. The recommendation reflects widening
scientific consensus on the role sleep plays in helping prevent heart disease.

“The more we learn, the more we know how instrumental sleep is to heart health,”
says Marie-Pierre St-Onge, associate professor of nutritional medicine and
director of the Sleep Center of Excellence at Columbia University Irving Medical
Center.

The heart association recommended adults get seven to nine hours of sleep
nightly. Yet many of us are getting less.



More than half of Americans said they had experienced increased sleep
disturbances during the pandemic, according to a survey last year commissioned
by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. About 57% said they had more trouble
falling or staying asleep; 46% slept less at night and 36% said they had more
disturbing dreams.

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Some scientists now believe that healthy sleep habits can help prevent
cardiovascular disease, and that poor sleep can help doctors identify who might
be at risk of the condition.

Doctors have long known that sleep influences factors that affect the heart,
such as diet and physical activity. You’re more likely to crave junk food when
you’re sleep-deprived, and motivating yourself to exercise is harder when you’re
tired. Now more research suggests that sleep also has a direct effect on heart
health.

If you don’t get enough uninterrupted sleep, you are more at risk of developing
hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and obesity, according to Michael Grandner, an
associate professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Arizona
College of Medicine and director of its sleep research and behavioral medicine
programs, citing several large longitudinal studies.

An understanding of what happens to our bodies during sleep helps explain its
role in heart health.

A good night’s sleep helps restore the body’s circadian rhythms, control
inflammation, and maintain healthy hormone levels and metabolism, says Dr.
St-Onge.

During healthy sleep, our bodies are in a “parasympathetic” state in which the
nervous system quiets down to conserve energy and regulate bodily functions.
Sleep gives the body a reprieve from a daytime “sympathetic” state, in which our
nervous system is girded for activity or meeting a threat. During sleep, heart
rate and blood pressure fall and other physiological changes take place that can
benefit the heart, scientists are finding.

Normally, a person’s blood pressure is expected to fall at night by 10% or more
from daytime levels, a change that scientists call the “nocturnal dip.”

SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS

What’s your secret to a good night’s sleep? Join the conversation below.

The dip appears to help keep blood pressure lower during the day. Scientists
have found that blood pressure in people who get only five or six hours of sleep
a night don’t experience the dip. Those less-rested people have higher daytime
blood pressure and cardiovascular risk that some scientists say is likely
because of increased sympathetic nervous system activity and a rise in stress
hormones.

In a study of nearly 4,000 middle-aged men and women, researchers found more
atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by a buildup of fatty plaques in the
arteries, in people who slept fewer than six hours a night than in those who got
seven to eight hours. The scientists found increased amounts of plaque and in
more locations in the participants whose sleep was most fragmented compared with
other study participants.

Imaging techniques allowed researchers to locate the signs of artery disease
before it would become evident to doctors, according to the research, which was
published in 2019 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Interruptions during sleep matter too. Poor quality sleep interferes with the
body’s normal rest and repair cycles, scientists believe, disrupting its ability
to manage inflammation, the body’s natural immune response to injury that is
damaging if it becomes chronic. That appears to be true even in people who think
they’re getting enough sleep, according to research by a group of scientists at
Columbia University.

Can a Smart Bed Improve Your Sleep? A Sleep Expert Tests It Out.
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Can a Smart Bed Improve Your Sleep? A Sleep Expert Tests It Out.Play video: Can
a Smart Bed Improve Your Sleep? A Sleep Expert Tests It Out.

Smart beds tout features like sleep tracking and climate control. But does the
technology actually produce a better night’s rest? WSJ asked Dr. Wendy Troxel, a
clinical psychologist trained in sleep medicine, for her expert opinion. Photo:
Andy Wiebe

The scientists found inflammation—an early warning sign of cardiovascular
disease—in blood samples taken from 26 women who were young, healthy and
reported they were getting seven to nine hours of sleep a night.

Yet the women were experiencing sleep interruptions, according to the group’s
research published in 2018 in the Journal of the American Heart Association. The
scientists said the inflammation was likely caused by nighttime sympathetic
nerve system activity that stimulates the release of stress hormones.

Scientists are also studying the ways in which sleep may affect how we respond
to medical treatments. A review published last month in the Yale Journal of
Biology and Medicine found evidence suggesting that a good night’s sleep can
make vaccines more effective. And research suggests poor sleep can make cancer
treatments less effective, according to a review published in April in the
journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.

“Sleep systematically removes you from the external environment to allow your
body to do things it can’t do as efficiently when it’s plugged into the world,”
says Dr. Grandner.

Write to Betsy Morris at betsy.morris@wsj.com

Corrections & Amplifications
Marie-Pierre St-Onge is associate professor of nutritional medicine and director
of the Sleep Center of Excellence at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.
An earlier version of this article incorrectly said she was director of the
university’s sleep center. (Corrected on July 18)

Copyright ©2022 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8



Appeared in the July 19, 2022, print edition as 'Want a Healthier Heart? Get a
Good Night’s Sleep.'




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