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HOW TO USE THE TAIL COMMAND
Published April 10, 2017 by Phil Zona
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In this guide, you’ll learn how to use the tail command. Using tail is a simple
way to show the ends of files, for example, when analyzing logs and other text
files that change over time. It may also be combined with other tools for
selective, real-time monitoring. When performing administrative tasks on your
Linode, tail is one of the most useful tools available.
1. Enter the tail command, followed by the file you’d like to view:
tail /var/log/auth.log
This will print the last ten lines of the /var/log/auth.log file to your
terminal output.
2. To change the number of lines displayed, use the -n option:
tail -n 50 /var/log/auth.log
In this example, the last 50 lines will be shown, but you can modify this
number to show as many or as few lines as you need.
3. To show a real-time, streaming output of a changing file, use the -f or
--follow options:
tail -f /var/log/auth.log
This will print the end of the file to your screen, and update it as the
file changes. For example, you can use this option with /var/log/auth.log
(on Debian and Ubuntu systems) to show your access log in real time. This
will run as a foreground process, so to cancel it, press CTRL+C.
4. Tail can even be combined with other tools like grep to filter the results:
tail /var/log/auth.log | grep 198.51.100.1
This command would search the last ten lines of your access log and only
display those that contain the IP address 198.51.100.1. You can also apply
options to tail in order to show more or less lines, view the filtered
results in real time, and more.
These are just the basics of how to use tail. It is an incredibly useful tool
with many more options than we’ve listed here. To learn more advanced
techniques, please check out our full guide on the tail command.
This page was originally published on April 10, 2017.
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