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 3. Future Programs


NEAR EARTH ORBIT NETWORK (NEON)

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NOAA’s Near Earth Orbit Network (NEON) Program will develop future low-Earth
orbit (LEO) environmental satellites. Low and medium Earth observations are
critical for weather forecasting, environmental observation, climate monitoring
and public safety. NEON sets the stage for NOAA to manage future polar and other
low Earth and medium Earth orbit satellite observations as loosely coupled
projects.


ENSURING LIFE-SAVING ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

NOAA has a history of successfully operating environmental satellites in
low-Earth orbit (LEO) for more than 50 years. NEON will provide a new approach
to developing the next generation global environmental satellite system by
launching small to medium-sized satellites with Earth-observing instruments more
frequently. A resilient constellation of LEO satellites, which can be deployed
quickly, will enhance our weather forecasting, disaster management (fires,
floods, etc.) and understanding effects of global climate change.


CONTINUING POLAR OBSERVATIONS

Chart showing the progression of NOAA’s low earth orbit weather satellites, with
the NEON Program conceptualized.

The NEON Program will supplement and eventually replace NOAA’s Joint Polar
Satellite System (JPSS). JPSS will continue to operate its series of polar
orbiting satellites through the late 2030’s. NEON will lay the groundwork for
the next generation of LEO satellites long before the final JPSS launch takes
place. NEON will continue, improve and extend NESDIS’ global observations for
weather forecasting, disaster management, and climate monitoring.


ENHANCING PARTNERSHIPS

The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites from NOAA, NASA and international partners 
contribute to more than a half-century of unbroken climate data records. LEO
satellites are  the backbone of global long-range weather forecasting models,
supplying more than 80 percent of the numerical weather prediction model data
used for 3 to 7 day forecasts. These satellites detect and monitor hazards such
as fires, droughts, floods, poor air quality, coral bleaching events, unhealthy
coastal waters and others. NOAA and its interagency and international
partnersuse LEO data every day to meet ongoing mission needs. The NEON program
will usher in a new paradigm for NOAA to continue to provide for these
environmental measurements to support a wide variety of atmospheric,
terrestrial, marine and polar observations. Data uses include the numerical
weather prediction models, fire and flood models, atmospheric chemistry
observations and multiple land imagery products that have been crucial pieces of
the NOAA strategic goals to build both a “Weather Ready Nation” and a “Climate
Ready Nation.”


COLLABORATION DELIVERS THE MISSION  

NEON is a collaborative mission between NOAA and NASA. NASA will manage the
development of the satellites and launch them for NOAA, which will operate them
and deliver data to users worldwide. NOAA and NASA will work with commercial
partners to design and build the NEON spacecraft and instruments.


PROJECTS 


QUICKSOUNDER

The first project in the NEON Program series is QuickSounder. This pathfinder
mission will demonstrate the ability to launch a small satellite within three
years. QuickSounder will fly a refurbished Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
(ATMS) instrument, the same as those flown on the JPSS series of satellites.


SERIES ONE

The second NEON project, Series One, will fly the program’s first new
instrument, the Sounder for Microwave-Based Applications (SMBA). SMBA will serve
as the backbone microwave sounder for the NEON Program.


INSTRUMENTS


MICROWAVE SOUNDERS

Microwave sounders, like the ATMS and SMBA instruments, will be the first NEON
instruments launched, because they provide the highest-impact input data to
weather forecast models. Microwave sounders are key instruments to feeding the
weather models that inform our daily forecasts and help us plan for extreme
weather. They measure atmospheric temperature and water vapor from Earth's
surface to the upper atmosphere, all over the globe. Microwave sounders probe
the atmosphere vertically and are able to see through clouds to capture data on
temperature and moisture. Because the distribution of temperature and water
vapor is the driver for accurate weather forecasts, microwave sounders provide
one of the most critical datasets for weather prediction.

Additional instruments will later be included in future NEON projects to provide
a variety of critical environmental observations


GROUND SERVICES 

In addition to including satellites that host Earth-observing instruments, the
NEON program will also include ground services, such as command and control,
data processing and product distribution. The ground services will incorporate
commercial capabilities and enterprise ground system capabilities.

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