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Suche senden HochladenHerunterladen – 30 Tage kostenlosEinloggen ASIAN CITIES CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE NETWORK INITIATIVE FINAL EVALUATION 7. Jan. 2017• 1 gefällt mir•2.811 aufrufe The Rockefeller FoundationFolgen Launched in 2008, the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) Initiative aimed to catalyze attention, funding, and action for building the climate change resilience of vulnerable cities and people in Asia. Given that current estimates forecast that about 55 percent of Asia’s population will be living in urban centers by 2030, the ACCCRN Initiative is built on the premise that cities can take actions to build climate resilience – including drainage and flood management, ecosystem strengthening, increasing awareness, and disease control – which can greatly improve the lives of poor and vulnerable people, not just in times of shock or stress, but every day. At the time the initiative was launched, the concept of urban resilience and models for implementing it were nascent and emergent. ACCCRN proved to be an important experiment and “learning lab” for the Foundation and its grantees and partners to build capacity in cities to better understand and implement resilience solutions to the often devastating shocks and stresses of climate change. The initiative was effective in the initial 10 ACCCRN cities and, later, in an additional 40 cities. As part of our Foundation-wide commitment to learning and accountability to our grantees, partners and stakeholders, we undertook an independent evaluation of the work of the initiative in 2014 to assess what worked well and not so well in ACCCRN. Conducted by Verulam Associates and ITAD, who also conducted a mid-term evaluation of the ACCCRN Initiative in 2011, this summative evaluation highlights successes, but also provides an important moment to reflect on the challenges we faced and on what we can do better or differently going forward.Weniger lesen Mehr lesen Inhalt melden Inhalt melden 1 von 108 Jetzt herunterladenDownloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 EMPFOHLEN National Disaster Resilience Competition's Resilience Academies - Emerging In... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 4 Folien mit 892 Aufrufen. National Disaster Resilience Competition's Resilience Academies - Emerging In... The Rockefeller Foundation 4 Folien•892 Aufrufe In 2015 The Rockefeller Foundation partnered with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to launch the National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC) Resilience Academies. Recognizing the salient need to infuse resilience thinking into HUD’s NDRC, these Academies were established to expose state and local governments to new approaches for protecting and promoting the long-term well-being and safety of their communities. A recent independent evaluation of the Academies has provided instructive insights about what works in efforts to build innovative resilience capacity. NDRC Resilience Academies Evaluation Report 2016 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 92 Folien mit 916 Aufrufen. NDRC Resilience Academies Evaluation Report 2016 The Rockefeller Foundation 92 Folien•916 Aufrufe Following its successful partnership with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) post–Hurricane Sandy Rebuild by Design competition, The Rockefeller Foundation launched the Resilience Academies and Capacity-Building Initiative. Designed to support HUD’s National Disaster Resilience Competition (NDRC), the Academies and the Initiative provide eligible state, county, and municipal governments with subject-matter expertise and lessons from the Foundation’s years of on-the-ground disaster recovery programming and mitigation planning. Further, the Foundation hoped to assist these key players in moving global knowledge and resources to meet homegrown needs. Accelerating Impact: Exploring Best Practices, Challenges, and Innovations in... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 66 Folien mit 7165 Aufrufen. Accelerating Impact: Exploring Best Practices, Challenges, and Innovations in... The Rockefeller Foundation 66 Folien•7.2K Aufrufe This document provides insights into impact enterprise acceleration based on research conducted by The Rockefeller Foundation and Monitor Deloitte. It identifies the key needs of impact enterprises as they seek to scale, including business development, financing, distribution, and leadership skills. Common challenges impact enterprises face in scaling are attracting and retaining talent, adapting business plans, accessing financing, and connecting to distribution channels. The report also presents case studies of innovative accelerator models, including those run by Unreasonable Institute, Village Capital, and the Social Franchise Accelerator, that are testing new approaches supported by Rockefeller Foundation grants. The aim of the report is to share best practices and promising innovations in accelerating impact enterprises with other organizations in the field. Resilience Week 2016 Hosted by The Rockefeller Foundation von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 15 Folien mit 1146 Aufrufen. Resilience Week 2016 Hosted by The Rockefeller Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation 15 Folien•1.1K Aufrufe In December 2016, The Rockefeller Foundation’s African Regional Office hosted the Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Convening in Nairobi, Kenya. Over 150 delegates and 40 speakers participated, sharing insights, examples, and engaging in debate and discussion on why and how ‘resilience’ can enhance Africa’s ongoing development. Why Information Matters - A Foundation for Resilience von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 88 Folien mit 4097 Aufrufen. Why Information Matters - A Foundation for Resilience The Rockefeller Foundation 88 Folien•4.1K Aufrufe “Why Information Matters: a foundation for resilience” is part of Embracing Change: The Critical Role of Information, funded by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to support the Internews’ Center for Innovation and Learning’s research on the role of information ecosystems in building resilience. Many thanks to the Rockefeller Foundation, and especially to Sundaa Bridgett-Jones, Associate Director, International Development, for vital input and support. Rebuild by Design Phase 1 Evaluation Report von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 80 Folien mit 1317 Aufrufen. Rebuild by Design Phase 1 Evaluation Report The Rockefeller Foundation 80 Folien•1.3K Aufrufe The unprecedented damage Hurricane Sandy caused along the East Coast of the US, especially to the densely populated New York and New Jersey coastlines, was a wake-up call to the threat that weather events pose to our communities. The world has always been plagued by severe and seemingly intractable problems, including storms, but today, we live with an unprecedented level of disruption. Things go wrong with more frequency and severity, greater complexity, and with more inter-related effects. No longer can we afford to simply rebuild what existed before. We must begin to rethink our recovery efforts, making sure the damaged region is resilient enough to rebound from future storms. In order to better protect Sandy-area residents from future climate events the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and President Obama’s Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task Force initiated Rebuild by Design (RBD) to develop fundable solutions that address structural and environmental vulnerabilities throughout the East Coast region. Recognizing the enormity of this challenge, the RBD process has looked beyond traditional solutions, supporting new approaches in architectural design, regional planning and environmental engineering, all of which are set within an innovative process that combines public, philanthropic and private sector resources and knowledge with community participation in a design competition. Design and politics understanding global resiliency von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 3 Folien mit 739 Aufrufen. Design and politics understanding global resiliency The Rockefeller Foundation 3 Folien•739 Aufrufe Rebuild by Design has established a small global working group on the design and politics of resiliency. This group is looking at—and assisting in shaping—how cities and regions around the world incorporate design into resiliency approaches, initiatives, and policy. Its first collective task is a collection of essays addressing two questions: First, identifying how design thinking is being incorporated and translated into political processes and understanding the obstacles that prevent design insights from informing policy practices. Second, collecting ideas for improving these processes, so that design and politics might be better integrated. This initial group will form the core of a larger network that we aim to build over the long run. Meanwhile, are engaging directly with existing programs and initiatives. We will not duplicate efforts, but instead use this global working group to ignite broader discussions and further collaborations. Dispatches from the Frontline: Using Pro-Poor Foresight to Influence Decision... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 1830 Aufrufen. Dispatches from the Frontline: Using Pro-Poor Foresight to Influence Decision... The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•1.8K Aufrufe Four of the organizations in The Rockefeller Foundation Searchlight Network—the Centre for Democracy and Development in West Africa, FORO Nacional Internacional in Peru, Noviscape in Thailand, and the South African Node of the Millennium Project in Southern Africa—were recently interviewed to reflect on their work and explore the question, "how has foresight influenced policy?" Their reflections are captured in this report. ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 56 Folien mit 1228 Aufrufen. ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013 The Rockefeller Foundation 56 Folien•1.2K Aufrufe This catalog outlines all the city projects affiliated with the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) as of May 2013. The Evaluation of the Design Competition of Rebuild by Design von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 80 Folien mit 2015 Aufrufen. The Evaluation of the Design Competition of Rebuild by Design The Rockefeller Foundation 80 Folien•2K Aufrufe The unprecedented damage Hurricane Sandy caused along the East Coast of the US, especially to the densely populated New York and New Jersey coastlines, was a wake-up call to the threat that weather events pose to our communities. The world has always been plagued by severe and seemingly intractable problems, including storms, but today, we live with an unprecedented level of disruption. Things go wrong with more frequency and severity, greater complexity, and with more inter-related effects. No longer can we afford to simply rebuild what existed before. We must begin to rethink our recovery efforts, making sure the damaged region is resilient enough to rebound from future storms. Joint Learning Update von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 1590 Aufrufen. Joint Learning Update The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•1.6K Aufrufe The Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage (JLN) underwent a strategic review to assess its achievements and develop a future vision. A survey of JLN members found that the majority agreed the JLN increased their knowledge and skills, and many have applied this knowledge to accelerate progress on universal health coverage in their countries. In March 2013, representatives from JLN member countries and partner organizations met to discuss the review findings and strengthen country ownership over the JLN by revising its governance and management structures. The goal is to build on the JLN's successes and ensure its sustainability in supporting countries' efforts to expand access to quality healthcare. Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 6550 Aufrufen. Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact... The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•6.6K Aufrufe Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact Investing contends that measurement practices need to evolve by borrowing from the strengths of both private business and social sector evaluation. Suggesting that an impact thesis is a crucial anchor for impact measurement strategies, the paper offers several measurement approaches in use today. The ‘next generation’ of impact measurement and evaluation must stem from a commitment of impact investors to strengthen evidence for their social returns alongside the evidence for financial returns. Evaluation of the Sustainable Employment in a Green U.S. Economy (SEGUE) von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 131 Folien mit 1435 Aufrufen. Evaluation of the Sustainable Employment in a Green U.S. Economy (SEGUE) The Rockefeller Foundation 131 Folien•1.4K Aufrufe The Rockefeller Foundation recently concluded a three-year initiative focused on maximizing the number, quality and accessibility of green jobs in the United States. The Sustainable Employment in a Green US Economy (SEGUE) initiative was launched based on a recognition that the twin challenges posed by high unemployment and climate change created an opportunity and imperative to invest in green jobs in the United States and around the world. SEGUE grant-making focused on advancing the knowledge, innovation, standards and institutions necessary to catalyze growth in the green economy and unlock greater demand for green jobs. This initiative supported several major research efforts, including an independent, developmental evaluation of the SEGUE initiative by Abt Associates, that yielded important insights on what it would take to create more green jobs and a sustainable green economy. Conservation Finance. From Niche to Mainstream: The Building of an Institutio... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 2310 Aufrufen. Conservation Finance. From Niche to Mainstream: The Building of an Institutio... The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•2.3K Aufrufe Sustainable farmland, healthy forests, clean water, and abundant habitat stand to become more valuable as the global population climbs to nine billion by 2050. Already, pioneering investors have put together financial solutions that combine real assets, such as tropical forests, with cash flows from operations in fields such as sustainable timber, agriculture, and ecotourism. Conservation finance, as this field is known, represents an undeveloped, but emerging private sector investment opportunity of major proportion. Filling this gap to finance the preservation of the world’s precious ecosystems will require USD 200 - 300 billion in additional capital, and private investment capital may be the only source. Attracting that level of private capital will require attractive risk-adjusted rates of return, in addition to clear and measurable conservation impacts. In this report, Credit Suisse—together with the McKinsey Center for Business and Environment—there is a toolkit for substantially growing the investment that flows into the conservation sector, illustrated by a few concrete ideas that we deem to be scalable, repeatable, and investable. Implementing these ideas will require strong collaboration between the financial and environmental communities to find new and creative ways of solving the financial structuring and conservation challenges at hand. Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 70 Folien mit 6937 Aufrufen. Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R... The Rockefeller Foundation 70 Folien•6.9K Aufrufe The public health communication community has more tools and mechanisms at its disposal than ever before, but we are also facing increasingly complex public health challenges ushered in by globalization, urbanization, conflict, and connective technologies. We are connected in unprecedented ways, but despite this fact there remains a lack of consistent and coherent communication among responders, within health systems and across the public domain. In light of this persistent problem, KYNE and News Deeply, supported by The Rockefeller Foundation, convened a meeting on Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing Resilience to Health Crises, held at the Bellagio Center in Bellagio, Italy, in October 2015. At the convening, 18 experts in communication, public health, and emergency response came together to detail areas of alignment and gaps. This report seeks to distill those lessons learned and contribute to the research base on public health communication in times of crisis, by detailing key takeaways from the convening. News Deeply also conducted interviews with participants, as well as external reviews with community organizations and leaders, to inform the body of the report. In addition, we have synthesized case studies from three participants across different regional contexts: the 2013–15 Ebola crisis in West Africa, the SARS epidemic of 2003 in Singapore, and the 2015 Legionnaires’ disease outbreak in New York City. National Disaster Resilience Competition - Fact Sheet von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 3 Folien mit 1797 Aufrufen. National Disaster Resilience Competition - Fact Sheet The Rockefeller Foundation 3 Folien•1.8K Aufrufe As the recent National Climate Assessment made clear, extreme weather events—including heat waves, drought, tropical storms, high winds, storm surges, and heavy downpours—are becoming more severe. In many places these risks are projected to increase substantially due to rising sea levels and evolving development patterns, affecting the safety, health, and economy of entire communities. Extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy have made it clear that we remain vulnerable to such events in spite of advances in disaster preparedness. American communities cannot effectively reduce their risks and vulnerabilities without including future extreme events and other impacts of climate change in their planning both before and after a disaster, and in everyday decision-making. A Synthesis Review of Key Lessons in Programs Relating to Oceans and Fisheries von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 123 Folien mit 1227 Aufrufen. A Synthesis Review of Key Lessons in Programs Relating to Oceans and Fisheries The Rockefeller Foundation 123 Folien•1.2K Aufrufe This synthesis was designed to provide an evidence base on the success factors in small-scale coastal fisheries management in developing countries and, in turn, to assist the Rockefeller Foundation in developing its strategy for its Oceans and Fisheries Initiative. In doing so, it identifies and describes some 20 key factors believed to influence success in small-scale coastal fisheries management. The report was completed via a rapid review of key sources of knowledge from formal published literature, institutional literature, key informants and Internet searches. The focus was on key success factors in achieving a balance of social, economic and ecological benefits from the management of small-scale coastal fisheries. Equity and inclusive growth background paper - sept 2016 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 46 Folien mit 3281 Aufrufen. Equity and inclusive growth background paper - sept 2016 The Rockefeller Foundation 46 Folien•3.3K Aufrufe Equity and Inclusive Growth from a Development Perspective is essential reading for development and evaluation practitioners. It provides a concise history and critical examination of the concepts related to growth, poverty, and equity. These three foundational elements of contemporary development theory and practice are at the root of The Rockefeller Foundation’s movement toward advancing inclusive economies and building resilience. The paper offers many insights about the measurement and evaluation of programs. It illuminates the debate surrounding ways to assess well-being beyond GDP. It covers the many ways to approach the measurement of poverty and the most commonly used indexes. Finally, it examines the important distinction between equity and equality and the policy implications of pursuing equity. Guidelines for Resilience Systems Analysis: How to analyse risk and build a r... von Dr Lendy Spires, hat 47 Folien mit 356 Aufrufen. Guidelines for Resilience Systems Analysis: How to analyse risk and build a r... Dr Lendy Spires 47 Folien•356 Aufrufe Everybody is talking about resilience. The idea that people, institutions and states need the right tools, assets and skills to deal with an increasingly complex, interconnected and evolving risk landscape, while retaining the ability to seize opportunities to increase overall well-being, is widely accepted. In reality, however, it has not been easy to translate this sound idea into good practice, mostly because people in the field don’t yet have the right tools to systematically analyse resilience, and then integrate resilience aspects into their development and humanitarian programming. This guidance aims to fix that problem In this document you will find a step by step approach to resilience systems analysis, a tool that helps field practitioners to: • prepare for, and facilitate, a successful multi-stakeholder resilience analysis workshop • design a roadmap to boost the resilience of communities and societies • integrate the results of the analysis into their development and humanitarian programming Paths to Fisheries Subsidies Reform: Creating sustainable fisheries through t... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 152 Folien mit 1156 Aufrufen. Paths to Fisheries Subsidies Reform: Creating sustainable fisheries through t... The Rockefeller Foundation 152 Folien•1.2K Aufrufe The world depends on the oceans for food and livelihood. More than a billion people worldwide depend on fish as a source of protein, including some of the poorest populations on earth. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world must produce 70 percent more food to meet coming hunger needs. Fishing activities support coastal communities and hundreds of millions of people who depend on fishing for all or part of their income. Of the world’s fishers, more than 95 percent engage in small-scale and artisanal activity and catch nearly the same amount of fish for human consumption as the highly capitalized industrial sector. Small-scale and artisanal fishing produces a greater return than industrial operations by unit of input, investment in catch, and number of people employed. Today, overfishing and other destructive fishing practices have severely decreased the world’s fish populations. The FAO estimates that 90 percent of marine fisheries worldwide are now overexploited, fully exploited, significantly depleted, or recovering from overexploitation. City Resilience Index von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 16 Folien mit 14227 Aufrufen. City Resilience Index The Rockefeller Foundation 16 Folien•14.2K Aufrufe Urban populations are facing increasing challenges from numerous natural and manmade pressures such as rapid urbanisation, climate change, terrorism and increased risks from natural hazards. Cities must learn to adapt and thrive in the face of these diverse challenges - they must learn how to build resilience in an uncertain world. Armed with this knowledge and understanding, governments, donors, investors, policy makers, and the private sector will be able to develop effective strategies to foster more resilient cities. Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the City Resilience Index (CRI) is being developed by Arup. It builds on extensive research undertaken by Arup to establish an accessible, evidence-based definition of urban resilience, which culminated in the publication of the City Resilience Framework (CRF) in April 2014 (www.arup.com/cri). This provides a holistic articulation of city resilience, structured around four dimensions and 12 goals that are critical for the resilience of our cities. This structure also forms the foundations of the CRI. Who is the CRI for? The CRI will measure relative performance over time rather than comparison between cities. It will not deliver an overall single score for comparing performance between cities, neither will it provide a world ranking of the most resilient cities. However, it will provide a common basis of measurement and assessment to better facilitate dialogue and knowledge-sharing between cities. It is envisaged that the CRI will primarily be used by city governments who are in the best position to gather administrative data, but it can also be used by other interested organisations and individuals (for example, universities, non-governmental organisations, community groups). It is intended that the CRI process will also provide the means for cities to capture the views of the poor and vulnerable groups as they normally suffer more severely the impacts of disruptions and failures. Transforming Health Systems Midterm Evaluation Report von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 128 Folien mit 1255 Aufrufen. Transforming Health Systems Midterm Evaluation Report The Rockefeller Foundation 128 Folien•1.3K Aufrufe The Rockefeller Foundation’s multi-year, $100 million Transforming Health Systems (THS) initiative aims to help developing world countries improve health services and financial protection from the cost of health services. At the halfway point, the Foundation embarked on this independent evaluation, to record the progress that has been made, examine the strategy and impact to date to identify opportunities for midcourse corrections, as needed. The Urban Resilience Summit: Executive Summary (2014) von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 12 Folien mit 763 Aufrufen. The Urban Resilience Summit: Executive Summary (2014) The Rockefeller Foundation 12 Folien•763 Aufrufe The document summarizes key discussions and takeaways from The Urban Resilience Summit held in Singapore in December 2014. Some of the main points discussed include: - Building urban resilience is complex and requires cooperation across governments, businesses, and civil society. Asia faces particular risks from natural disasters and needs innovative public-private solutions. - The 100 Resilient Cities initiative announced a new cohort of 35 cities, bringing the total to 67 cities working to develop resilience strategies and share best practices. Challenges to scaling solutions were discussed. - A business survey found that while governments are primarily responsible for responding to shocks, private sector has a role to play through expertise, funding, and ensuring business continuity. Urban Climate Change Resilience in Action: Lessons from Projects in 10 ACCCRN... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 20 Folien mit 3434 Aufrufen. Urban Climate Change Resilience in Action: Lessons from Projects in 10 ACCCRN... The Rockefeller Foundation 20 Folien•3.4K Aufrufe This paper presents key insights emerging from an analysis of the 36 intervention projects,totaling approximately $15.5 million, which have been funded and are beingimplemented under the Rockefeller Foundation Asian Cities Climate Change ResilienceNetwork (ACCCRN) in ten initial cities1. As a pioneering effort to advance on-the-groundactions aimed at building urban climate change resilience (UCCR), this portfolio ofprojects2 provides a ‘first generation’ view of how a set of cities have interpreted UCCRchallenges and translated their understanding into targeted priorities and actions. Oneof the intentions of the ACCCRN initiative was to advance the still young field of UCCRwith practical actions that substantiate the growing number of theoretical frameworks. Revaluing Ecosystems: Visions of a better future von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 32 Folien mit 1309 Aufrufen. Revaluing Ecosystems: Visions of a better future The Rockefeller Foundation 32 Folien•1.3K Aufrufe The "Future of Revaluing Ecosystems" meeting brought together 28 experts to explore ways to better measure and manage the world's natural capital and its contributions to human well-being. Key discussions focused on future trends that will influence ecosystem valuation like rising consumption, climate change, and data availability. Scenarios of different trends in 2025 were explored, such as greater ecosystem shocks triggering demand for more sustainable supply chains. Participants also discussed solutions like financial instruments for ecosystem restoration and new ratings agencies to direct capital to ecosystem management. The overall goal was to change perspectives on nature from something sacrificed for development to something that underpins development. Trialling Demand-led Climate Finance in Ethiopia: Is DFID onto a Winner?, Jul... von Centre for Global Equality, hat 21 Folien mit 295 Aufrufen. Trialling Demand-led Climate Finance in Ethiopia: Is DFID onto a Winner?, Jul... Centre for Global Equality 21 Folien•295 Aufrufe The document discusses DFID's Strategic Climate Institutions Programme Fund (SCIP) in Ethiopia, which aims to provide climate finance directly to national stakeholders. A mid-term review found that stakeholders saw SCIP as addressing key capacity needs, mobilizing diverse actors, and fostering partnerships. However, some saw design problems. Overall, SCIP was seen as having good potential and being inherently complementary to Ethiopia's climate response plans by empowering national groups to develop their own solutions through technical assistance and funding. Building climate change resilience in cities von The Economist Media Businesses, hat 9 Folien mit 1541 Aufrufen. Building climate change resilience in cities The Economist Media Businesses 9 Folien•1.5K Aufrufe A survey released by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) shows that 90% of business leaders believe they can help prepare cities for the effects of climate change, with 51% saying that investing in climate change resilience gives them a competitive edge. The dovetailing of potentially devastating climate change impacts and urbanization by mid-century is of great concern to municipal leaders. The portion of the world living in cities is slated to rise to two-thirds of the global population (or 6.4 billion), up from 54% today, according to the United Nations. In tandem, the frequency and severity of floods, storms and drought as a result of climate change are expected to rise significantly in the coming decades, particularly in coastal areas, where many large cities are located. Forging preparative responses for these changes has thus taken on a new sense of urgency for government officials, non-governmental organizations and business leaders. For business, the executive survey, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, finds that the biggest perceived market and operational risk from climate change is the disruption of energy supplies, which could severely impact on a company’s ability to operate. Building Climate Change Resilience in Cities - The Private Sector's Role (Exe... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 9 Folien mit 3999 Aufrufen. Building Climate Change Resilience in Cities - The Private Sector's Role (Exe... The Rockefeller Foundation 9 Folien•4K Aufrufe In August and September 2014, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) queried 248 executives at companies around the world about the role of business in building urban climate resilience. Slightly more than half are from organisations with significant operations or markets in Asia. Most (more than 85%) are members of the C-suite and the rest are heads of departments or business units or managers. How to Build a Resilient City: The City Resilience Framework von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 36 Folien mit 8117 Aufrufen. How to Build a Resilient City: The City Resilience Framework The Rockefeller Foundation 36 Folien•8.1K Aufrufe The City Resilience Framework provides a lens through which the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to a city’s resilience can be understood. The 12 capacities in the 100RC City Resilience Framework collectively determine its ability a city’s resilience to a wide range of shocks and stresses. Global Resilience Partnership – Overview von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 2 Folien mit 3070 Aufrufen. Global Resilience Partnership – Overview The Rockefeller Foundation 2 Folien•3.1K Aufrufe The Global Resilience Partnership, spearheaded by The Rockefeller Foundation, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), aims to help millions of people in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and South and Southeast Asia build stronger and more resilient futures. WEITERE ÄHNLICHE INHALTE WAS IST ANGESAGT? (19) ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 56 Folien mit 1228 Aufrufen. ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013 The Rockefeller Foundation 56 Folien•1.2K Aufrufe This catalog outlines all the city projects affiliated with the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) as of May 2013. The Evaluation of the Design Competition of Rebuild by Design von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 80 Folien mit 2015 Aufrufen. The Evaluation of the Design Competition of Rebuild by Design The Rockefeller Foundation 80 Folien•2K Aufrufe The unprecedented damage Hurricane Sandy caused along the East Coast of the US, especially to the densely populated New York and New Jersey coastlines, was a wake-up call to the threat that weather events pose to our communities. The world has always been plagued by severe and seemingly intractable problems, including storms, but today, we live with an unprecedented level of disruption. Things go wrong with more frequency and severity, greater complexity, and with more inter-related effects. No longer can we afford to simply rebuild what existed before. We must begin to rethink our recovery efforts, making sure the damaged region is resilient enough to rebound from future storms. Joint Learning Update von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 1590 Aufrufen. Joint Learning Update The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•1.6K Aufrufe The Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage (JLN) underwent a strategic review to assess its achievements and develop a future vision. A survey of JLN members found that the majority agreed the JLN increased their knowledge and skills, and many have applied this knowledge to accelerate progress on universal health coverage in their countries. In March 2013, representatives from JLN member countries and partner organizations met to discuss the review findings and strengthen country ownership over the JLN by revising its governance and management structures. The goal is to build on the JLN's successes and ensure its sustainability in supporting countries' efforts to expand access to quality healthcare. Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 6550 Aufrufen. Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact... The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•6.6K Aufrufe Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact Investing contends that measurement practices need to evolve by borrowing from the strengths of both private business and social sector evaluation. Suggesting that an impact thesis is a crucial anchor for impact measurement strategies, the paper offers several measurement approaches in use today. The ‘next generation’ of impact measurement and evaluation must stem from a commitment of impact investors to strengthen evidence for their social returns alongside the evidence for financial returns. Evaluation of the Sustainable Employment in a Green U.S. Economy (SEGUE) von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 131 Folien mit 1435 Aufrufen. Evaluation of the Sustainable Employment in a Green U.S. Economy (SEGUE) The Rockefeller Foundation 131 Folien•1.4K Aufrufe The Rockefeller Foundation recently concluded a three-year initiative focused on maximizing the number, quality and accessibility of green jobs in the United States. The Sustainable Employment in a Green US Economy (SEGUE) initiative was launched based on a recognition that the twin challenges posed by high unemployment and climate change created an opportunity and imperative to invest in green jobs in the United States and around the world. SEGUE grant-making focused on advancing the knowledge, innovation, standards and institutions necessary to catalyze growth in the green economy and unlock greater demand for green jobs. This initiative supported several major research efforts, including an independent, developmental evaluation of the SEGUE initiative by Abt Associates, that yielded important insights on what it would take to create more green jobs and a sustainable green economy. Conservation Finance. From Niche to Mainstream: The Building of an Institutio... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 2310 Aufrufen. Conservation Finance. From Niche to Mainstream: The Building of an Institutio... The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•2.3K Aufrufe Sustainable farmland, healthy forests, clean water, and abundant habitat stand to become more valuable as the global population climbs to nine billion by 2050. Already, pioneering investors have put together financial solutions that combine real assets, such as tropical forests, with cash flows from operations in fields such as sustainable timber, agriculture, and ecotourism. Conservation finance, as this field is known, represents an undeveloped, but emerging private sector investment opportunity of major proportion. Filling this gap to finance the preservation of the world’s precious ecosystems will require USD 200 - 300 billion in additional capital, and private investment capital may be the only source. Attracting that level of private capital will require attractive risk-adjusted rates of return, in addition to clear and measurable conservation impacts. In this report, Credit Suisse—together with the McKinsey Center for Business and Environment—there is a toolkit for substantially growing the investment that flows into the conservation sector, illustrated by a few concrete ideas that we deem to be scalable, repeatable, and investable. Implementing these ideas will require strong collaboration between the financial and environmental communities to find new and creative ways of solving the financial structuring and conservation challenges at hand. Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 70 Folien mit 6937 Aufrufen. Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R... The Rockefeller Foundation 70 Folien•6.9K Aufrufe The public health communication community has more tools and mechanisms at its disposal than ever before, but we are also facing increasingly complex public health challenges ushered in by globalization, urbanization, conflict, and connective technologies. We are connected in unprecedented ways, but despite this fact there remains a lack of consistent and coherent communication among responders, within health systems and across the public domain. In light of this persistent problem, KYNE and News Deeply, supported by The Rockefeller Foundation, convened a meeting on Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing Resilience to Health Crises, held at the Bellagio Center in Bellagio, Italy, in October 2015. At the convening, 18 experts in communication, public health, and emergency response came together to detail areas of alignment and gaps. This report seeks to distill those lessons learned and contribute to the research base on public health communication in times of crisis, by detailing key takeaways from the convening. News Deeply also conducted interviews with participants, as well as external reviews with community organizations and leaders, to inform the body of the report. In addition, we have synthesized case studies from three participants across different regional contexts: the 2013–15 Ebola crisis in West Africa, the SARS epidemic of 2003 in Singapore, and the 2015 Legionnaires’ disease outbreak in New York City. National Disaster Resilience Competition - Fact Sheet von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 3 Folien mit 1797 Aufrufen. National Disaster Resilience Competition - Fact Sheet The Rockefeller Foundation 3 Folien•1.8K Aufrufe As the recent National Climate Assessment made clear, extreme weather events—including heat waves, drought, tropical storms, high winds, storm surges, and heavy downpours—are becoming more severe. In many places these risks are projected to increase substantially due to rising sea levels and evolving development patterns, affecting the safety, health, and economy of entire communities. Extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy have made it clear that we remain vulnerable to such events in spite of advances in disaster preparedness. American communities cannot effectively reduce their risks and vulnerabilities without including future extreme events and other impacts of climate change in their planning both before and after a disaster, and in everyday decision-making. ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 56 Folien mit 1228 Aufrufen. ACCCRN Cities Poject - May 2013 The Rockefeller Foundation 56 Folien•1.2K Aufrufe The Evaluation of the Design Competition of Rebuild by Design von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 80 Folien mit 2015 Aufrufen. The Evaluation of the Design Competition of Rebuild by Design The Rockefeller Foundation 80 Folien•2K Aufrufe Joint Learning Update von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 1590 Aufrufen. Joint Learning Update The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•1.6K Aufrufe Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 6550 Aufrufen. Situating the Next Generation of Impact Measurement and Evaluation for Impact... The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•6.6K Aufrufe Evaluation of the Sustainable Employment in a Green U.S. Economy (SEGUE) von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 131 Folien mit 1435 Aufrufen. Evaluation of the Sustainable Employment in a Green U.S. Economy (SEGUE) The Rockefeller Foundation 131 Folien•1.4K Aufrufe Conservation Finance. From Niche to Mainstream: The Building of an Institutio... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 2310 Aufrufen. Conservation Finance. From Niche to Mainstream: The Building of an Institutio... The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•2.3K Aufrufe Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 70 Folien mit 6937 Aufrufen. Effective Public Health Communication in an Interconnected World: Enhancing R... The Rockefeller Foundation 70 Folien•6.9K Aufrufe National Disaster Resilience Competition - Fact Sheet von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 3 Folien mit 1797 Aufrufen. National Disaster Resilience Competition - Fact Sheet The Rockefeller Foundation 3 Folien•1.8K Aufrufe ANDERE MOCHTEN AUCH (20) Building Climate Change Resilience in Cities - The Private Sector's Role (Exe... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 9 Folien mit 3999 Aufrufen. Building Climate Change Resilience in Cities - The Private Sector's Role (Exe... The Rockefeller Foundation 9 Folien•4K Aufrufe In August and September 2014, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) queried 248 executives at companies around the world about the role of business in building urban climate resilience. Slightly more than half are from organisations with significant operations or markets in Asia. Most (more than 85%) are members of the C-suite and the rest are heads of departments or business units or managers. How to Build a Resilient City: The City Resilience Framework von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 36 Folien mit 8117 Aufrufen. How to Build a Resilient City: The City Resilience Framework The Rockefeller Foundation 36 Folien•8.1K Aufrufe The City Resilience Framework provides a lens through which the complexity of cities and the drivers that contribute to a city’s resilience can be understood. The 12 capacities in the 100RC City Resilience Framework collectively determine its ability a city’s resilience to a wide range of shocks and stresses. Global Resilience Partnership – Overview von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 2 Folien mit 3070 Aufrufen. Global Resilience Partnership – Overview The Rockefeller Foundation 2 Folien•3.1K Aufrufe The Global Resilience Partnership, spearheaded by The Rockefeller Foundation, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), aims to help millions of people in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and South and Southeast Asia build stronger and more resilient futures. Innovation Final Evaluation Report von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 132 Folien mit 1563 Aufrufen. Innovation Final Evaluation Report The Rockefeller Foundation 132 Folien•1.6K Aufrufe The Accelerating Innovation for Development Initiative was built on the realization that while the private sector used well-developed innovation practices to generate value and growth, these practices had yet to take hold in the social sector. The application of these same concepts effectively in the social sector could lead to products, processes, and services that could significantly advance the lives of poor and vulnerable people. It was one of the first Initiatives approved in the 2006-2007 period under the Foundation’s refreshed strategy and model. The Initiative supported the testing, application, or scaling up of three models of innovation that produced new or modified processes, products, or services that were potentially valuable for poor and vulnerable people around the world. These three models of innovation are: open source innovation, user centered innovation, and user led innovation. Because the Initiative was structured to test different innovation processes with major grants, the evaluation report captures learning from in-depth case studies of 6 individual key grants - 2 from each model of innovation - and their effects on the broader field of innovation. The evaluation report features findings and case studies from site visits in four countries spanning three continents, additional interviews with funders and other individuals working in the field, as well as a literature and document review and video coverage. Rockefeller Foundation Evaluation of the Cultural Innovation Fund von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 71 Folien mit 2656 Aufrufen. Rockefeller Foundation Evaluation of the Cultural Innovation Fund The Rockefeller Foundation 71 Folien•2.7K Aufrufe The Rockefeller Foundation launched the Cultural Innovation Fund (CIF) in 2007. Since then, it has supported six rounds of annual grantmaking, resulting in 99 grants to 86 nonprofit cultural and community organizations in New York City. Grants across the six years 2007–2012 totaled $16.3 million. An Evaluation Team headed by Helicon Collaborative assessed the Cultural Innovation Fund for the period December 2012 to May 2013 based on Terms of Reference issued by the Foundation in September 2012. Urban green growth for club of madrid josé antonio april 30, 2012 von Centro de la OCDE en México para América Latina, hat 29 Folien mit 1482 Aufrufen. Urban green growth for club of madrid josé antonio april 30, 2012 Centro de la OCDE en México para América Latina 29 Folien•1.5K Aufrufe The OECD Green Cities programme seeks to assess how urban green growth policies can contribute to improved economic performance, environmental quality, and quality of life in cities. The programme examines conceptual frameworks for urban green growth, case studies of city policies and initiatives, environmental indicators, and lessons learned. Urban green growth is defined as fostering economic growth through activities that reduce environmental impacts and pressures on resources, generating jobs and increasing city attractiveness through stronger interactions among efficiency, equity and environmental goals at the urban level. Transforming Cities von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 2618 Aufrufen. Transforming Cities The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•2.6K Aufrufe Many of us live in cities, in sprawling, dense and socially diverse places that are the fabric of our work, families and communities. Within our nations, cities form the urban hub linking us with the rural environments that provide the vital food and water systems on which we depend. Across the world, some 600 cities form the backbone of today’s global economy. Final Evaluation - Disease Surveillance Networks Initiative von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 78 Folien mit 2069 Aufrufen. Final Evaluation - Disease Surveillance Networks Initiative The Rockefeller Foundation 78 Folien•2.1K Aufrufe The major contributions of the DSN Initiative to global health were found to be the fostering of the new fields of One Health and Global Health Diplomacy; use of informal networks in surveillance; and transnational collaboration and governance. Stakeholders at global, regional and national levels validated the relevance of a networked approach to disease surveillance, and supported the concept, rational and logic underlying the DSN Initiative. The DSN Initiative was seen by stakeholders and influential leaders as an effective way of building trust among partners in historically unstable regions, and contributed to increases in capacity through training, tools, and technical support. Building Climate Change Resilience in Cities - The Private Sector's Role (Exe... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 9 Folien mit 3999 Aufrufen. Building Climate Change Resilience in Cities - The Private Sector's Role (Exe... The Rockefeller Foundation 9 Folien•4K Aufrufe How to Build a Resilient City: The City Resilience Framework von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 36 Folien mit 8117 Aufrufen. How to Build a Resilient City: The City Resilience Framework The Rockefeller Foundation 36 Folien•8.1K Aufrufe Global Resilience Partnership – Overview von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 2 Folien mit 3070 Aufrufen. Global Resilience Partnership – Overview The Rockefeller Foundation 2 Folien•3.1K Aufrufe Innovation Final Evaluation Report von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 132 Folien mit 1563 Aufrufen. Innovation Final Evaluation Report The Rockefeller Foundation 132 Folien•1.6K Aufrufe Rockefeller Foundation Evaluation of the Cultural Innovation Fund von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 71 Folien mit 2656 Aufrufen. Rockefeller Foundation Evaluation of the Cultural Innovation Fund The Rockefeller Foundation 71 Folien•2.7K Aufrufe Urban green growth for club of madrid josé antonio april 30, 2012 von Centro de la OCDE en México para América Latina, hat 29 Folien mit 1482 Aufrufen. Urban green growth for club of madrid josé antonio april 30, 2012 Centro de la OCDE en México para América Latina 29 Folien•1.5K Aufrufe Transforming Cities von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 2618 Aufrufen. Transforming Cities The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•2.6K Aufrufe Final Evaluation - Disease Surveillance Networks Initiative von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 78 Folien mit 2069 Aufrufen. Final Evaluation - Disease Surveillance Networks Initiative The Rockefeller Foundation 78 Folien•2.1K Aufrufe ÄHNLICH WIE ASIAN CITIES CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE NETWORK INITIATIVE FINAL EVALUATION (20) Sustainable Urban Energy: A Sourcebook for Asia von AurovilleConsulting, hat 203 Folien mit 1450 Aufrufen. Sustainable Urban Energy: A Sourcebook for Asia AurovilleConsulting 203 Folien•1.5K Aufrufe This document is a sourcebook on sustainable urban energy in Asia published by UN-HABITAT in 2012. It provides background information and training materials for local governments. The sourcebook notes that Asian cities will double in size over the next 20 years, presenting challenges to provide basic amenities like food, water and shelter without harming the environment. It recognizes that cities currently rely predominantly on finite fossil fuels to fuel their activities. The sourcebook aims to provide insights on achieving an alternative development model that is not carbon-intensive, economically and socially inclusive, and focuses on population well-being. It addresses sustainable energy solutions from a systems perspective as a three-step process of energy conservation, efficiency and renewable energy. The sourcebook IAIA Climate Change Special Symposium report von Biva Chapagain, hat 95 Folien mit 247 Aufrufen. IAIA Climate Change Special Symposium report Biva Chapagain 95 Folien•247 Aufrufe The two-day symposium hosted by the World Bank and IAIA in Washington D.C. brought together 180 climate change and impact assessment professionals. The purpose was to foster collaboration between the two communities and discuss how development institutions are incorporating impact assessment into their climate change strategies. Key themes that emerged included: 1) the need to integrate climate change with other environmental issues; and 2) the pressure on impact assessment to integrate climate change assessment into its processes to better understand project impacts on GHG emissions and the environment's impacts on projects. Strategic environmental assessment was highlighted as having an important role in climate change adaptation and mitigation when bringing together environmental and social issues before project-level assessments. guidelines-wind-resourceds-assessment.pdf von mayank89356, hat 49 Folien mit 20 Aufrufen. guidelines-wind-resourceds-assessment.pdf mayank89356 49 Folien•20 Aufrufe Guidlines for WRA for setting up Wind Projects Sustainable Urban Energy; A Sourcebook for Asia von Martin Scherfler, hat 203 Folien mit 2201 Aufrufen. Sustainable Urban Energy; A Sourcebook for Asia Martin Scherfler 203 Folien•2.2K Aufrufe Sustainable Urban Energy, a Sourcebook addressing sustainable urban energy solutions from a system’s perspective, as a three-step process - energy conservation, energy efficiency and renewable energy. Project Cycle and the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) von MamoudBelloAbubakar, hat 25 Folien mit 1662 Aufrufen. Project Cycle and the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) MamoudBelloAbubakar 25 Folien•1.7K Aufrufe The document discusses sustainable development and environmental and social frameworks. It provides an overview of key concepts like the three pillars of sustainability - social, economic, environmental. It also summarizes the World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), which replaced earlier safeguard policies and consists of environmental and social standards and directives. There are some gaps between the ESF and Nigeria's national laws around areas like categorization, labor standards, biodiversity conservation, and treatment of indigenous groups. The document analyzes differences between the ESF and Nigeria's Land Use Act regarding compensation for land and assets for projects involving involuntary resettlement. Asian Cities climate resilience network von Strengthening Climate Resilience, hat 8 Folien mit 429 Aufrufen. Asian Cities climate resilience network Strengthening Climate Resilience 8 Folien•429 Aufrufe The Rockefeller Foundation's Climate Change Resilience Initiative aims to help vulnerable groups cope with climate change impacts through various programs. The $70 million Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) works in 10 cities across 4 Asian countries to build capacity for climate resilience planning and implementation. ACCCRN facilitates stakeholder engagement, vulnerability assessments, sector studies, pilots and the development of climate resilience strategies and interventions over multiple phases from 2008-2012 and beyond. Emerging results from ACCCRN cities include convening diverse stakeholders, understanding local climate impacts, and implementing multi-sector resilience measures in areas like health, infrastructure, water and disaster management. Nbi draft 00 presentation oct 23 25, 2017 von Ogaro Lugard, hat 16 Folien mit 76 Aufrufen. Nbi draft 00 presentation oct 23 25, 2017 Ogaro Lugard 16 Folien•76 Aufrufe Presentation based on Masters Research Thesis. Presentation done in the 5th Nile Basin Development Forum in Kigali, Rwanda Updates of the global RCE Network 2014-2015, Philip Vaughter von ESD UNU-IAS, hat 25 Folien mit 291 Aufrufen. Updates of the global RCE Network 2014-2015, Philip Vaughter ESD UNU-IAS 25 Folien•291 Aufrufe This presentation is part of the 2015 RCE Conference of the Americas, 9-12 August 2015, Grand Rapids, USA Sustainable Urban Energy: A Sourcebook for Asia von AurovilleConsulting, hat 203 Folien mit 1450 Aufrufen. Sustainable Urban Energy: A Sourcebook for Asia AurovilleConsulting 203 Folien•1.5K Aufrufe IAIA Climate Change Special Symposium report von Biva Chapagain, hat 95 Folien mit 247 Aufrufen. IAIA Climate Change Special Symposium report Biva Chapagain 95 Folien•247 Aufrufe guidelines-wind-resourceds-assessment.pdf von mayank89356, hat 49 Folien mit 20 Aufrufen. guidelines-wind-resourceds-assessment.pdf mayank89356 49 Folien•20 Aufrufe Sustainable Urban Energy; A Sourcebook for Asia von Martin Scherfler, hat 203 Folien mit 2201 Aufrufen. Sustainable Urban Energy; A Sourcebook for Asia Martin Scherfler 203 Folien•2.2K Aufrufe Project Cycle and the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) von MamoudBelloAbubakar, hat 25 Folien mit 1662 Aufrufen. Project Cycle and the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) MamoudBelloAbubakar 25 Folien•1.7K Aufrufe Asian Cities climate resilience network von Strengthening Climate Resilience, hat 8 Folien mit 429 Aufrufen. Asian Cities climate resilience network Strengthening Climate Resilience 8 Folien•429 Aufrufe Nbi draft 00 presentation oct 23 25, 2017 von Ogaro Lugard, hat 16 Folien mit 76 Aufrufen. Nbi draft 00 presentation oct 23 25, 2017 Ogaro Lugard 16 Folien•76 Aufrufe Updates of the global RCE Network 2014-2015, Philip Vaughter von ESD UNU-IAS, hat 25 Folien mit 291 Aufrufen. Updates of the global RCE Network 2014-2015, Philip Vaughter ESD UNU-IAS 25 Folien•291 Aufrufe DIASHOWS FÜR SIE (20) BCG Telco Sustainability Index von Boston Consulting Group, hat 13 Folien mit 7970 Aufrufen. BCG Telco Sustainability Index Boston Consulting Group 13 Folien•8K Aufrufe BCG has launched its Telco Sustainability Index, designed to capture the four dimensions most relevant to a telco’s environmental strategy. The index tracks the company’s commitment to sustainability, its emissions intensity and that of its upstream and downstream partners, its elimination of waste, and its customer enablement. Green Venture Opportunities von Boston Consulting Group, hat 7 Folien mit 6644 Aufrufen. Green Venture Opportunities Boston Consulting Group 7 Folien•6.6K Aufrufe This document discusses opportunities for green ventures and reducing carbon emissions. It outlines key areas for corporations like telecom companies to participate in the decarbonization economy, such as scaling up carbon sinks, leveraging circularity, and upgrading infrastructure for renewables. Green Ventures explores new green business opportunities focused on customer enablement for telecom companies, such as reducing their own operational emissions and providing services to help customers reduce emissions. The document analyzes approaches to climate innovation based on technology maturity and business models, and provides four lenses to identify target opportunities based on their market impact and potential, viability, ability to succeed, and impact on reducing emissions. Smart Cities – how to master the world's biggest growth challenge von Boston Consulting Group, hat 16 Folien mit 40958 Aufrufen. Smart Cities – how to master the world's biggest growth challenge Boston Consulting Group 16 Folien•41K Aufrufe BCG's Holger Rubel describes how urbanization is changing the world and explores how five sectors in "smart cities" are evolving: energy, transport, water and waste, social initiatives, and buildings. Kitopi-scm.pptx von MUGUNDANMani, hat 8 Folien mit 1843 Aufrufen. Kitopi-scm.pptx MUGUNDANMani 8 Folien•1.8K Aufrufe Here are three key points about Kitopi's growth trajectory while balancing other stakeholders' interests: 1. Automate operations and implement a restaurant management system to improve efficiency, quality control and food safety while reducing costs. This allows profitable growth that benefits both Kitopi and partner restaurants. 2. Partnering with major food delivery platforms and food bloggers expands brand awareness and customer reach, driving sales growth. But quality must remain high to ensure customer satisfaction. 3. Opening a standalone restaurant can test new concepts while maintaining focus on the core cloud kitchen business. Penetration pricing can attract more customers, but profitability must be monitored to sustain partnerships and invest in future innovations. Balancing growth, quality and stakeholder interests is important for BCG Telco Sustainability Index von Boston Consulting Group, hat 28 Folien mit 7527 Aufrufen. BCG Telco Sustainability Index Boston Consulting Group 28 Folien•7.5K Aufrufe BCG has launched its Telco Sustainability Index, designed to capture the four dimensions most relevant to a telco’s environmental strategy. The index tracks the company’s commitment to sustainability, its emissions intensity and that of its upstream and downstream partners, its elimination of waste, and its customer enablement. Service-Based Business Models & Circular Strategies for textiles von Sitra / Ekologinen kestävyys, hat 66 Folien mit 18973 Aufrufen. Service-Based Business Models & Circular Strategies for textiles Sitra / Ekologinen kestävyys 66 Folien•19K Aufrufe Service-Based Business Models & Circular Strategies for textiles Circle Economy, September 2015 Helene Smiths, Gwen Cunningham, Jade Wilting, Chloe De Roos Feinberg, Kay van ´t Hot How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus... von Sage HR, hat 35 Folien mit 73069 Aufrufen. How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus... Sage HR 35 Folien•73.1K Aufrufe How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “DieselGate” Outs Sustainable Business Sham In September 2015, the automotive industry played witness to the largest scandal among its ranks in recent history, as Volkswagen was caught cheating with its pants down. The German car manufacturer had recently overtaken Toyota in sales, in the first half of 2015, to establish itself as the leader of the global car market. Though, this shouldn't have been a surprise to anyone, since VW was largely leading the automotive industry in terms of revenues, profits, and assets even in 2013. The world was left with jaws agape in early September, as the German giant admitted to placing “cheat” software in roughly 11 million of its diesel-engined cars worldwide. Carried out since 2009 onwards, this subterfuge was perpetrated in an effort to deceive pollutant emissions testing in developed markets like US and EU. As investigations into the fraud continue, the primary reason seems to be that Volkswagen did not wish to install a Urea-based exhaust system marketed as AdBlue – roughly $336 per unit – into the “clean diesel” engines which they'd spent years developing for their 2009 models. In-house testing into the engines revealed that they emitted roughly 35 to 40 times the amount of nitrogen oxide, linked to smog, acid rain, asthma, and other illnesses, above the limits allowed by clean air legislation in developed nations. Suddenly, the car manufacturer was faced with two options – go back to the drawing board and miss out on the 2009 car season, or spend exorbitant amounts of money to fix the problem by retro-fitting their engines with AdBlue. They chose option three – cheat through a “defeat device” software. Ironically, the test which ultimately uncovered the deception was carried out by independent American researchers – working for an NGO, rather than the EPA or other bigwig agencies – to show their European counterparts that diesel engines can be used with cleaner emissions. Despite their published efforts coming to light in 2014, however, the EPA was unable to make Volkswagen admit to the cheat till September 2015 – after threatening to withhold approval for VW's and Audi's 2016 diesel models. Now, after having lost its CEO in the wake of the scandal alongwith almost a fifth of its share value, Volkswagen is looking at criminal investigations from the US and Chinese governments, a legal penalty for $18 billion for the roughly 482,000 cars it sold in US, and class-action lawsuits from owners of post-2009 VW Jetta, Golf, Beetle, and Passat, as well as similar Audi diesel models. Even though the firm has set aside roughly $7.3 billion to deal with this scandal, early projections show that this amount may be grossly insufficient. By now, we're sure that you have a flood of unanswered questions – What are these “defeat devices”? How do they affect the car's performance? For more visit > > > cake.hr Ecotricity: Innovating to Create Business Value. von Sustain-Live Consulting, hat 31 Folien mit 1039 Aufrufen. Ecotricity: Innovating to Create Business Value. Sustain-Live Consulting 31 Folien•1K Aufrufe How do Ecotricity - leading UK green energy supplier - create business value through sustainability. Sustain-Live Consulting Event, 10 September at Triodos Bank, with Go Green, Bristol. BCG Telco Sustainability Index von Boston Consulting Group, hat 13 Folien mit 7970 Aufrufen. BCG Telco Sustainability Index Boston Consulting Group 13 Folien•8K Aufrufe Green Venture Opportunities von Boston Consulting Group, hat 7 Folien mit 6644 Aufrufen. Green Venture Opportunities Boston Consulting Group 7 Folien•6.6K Aufrufe Smart Cities – how to master the world's biggest growth challenge von Boston Consulting Group, hat 16 Folien mit 40958 Aufrufen. Smart Cities – how to master the world's biggest growth challenge Boston Consulting Group 16 Folien•41K Aufrufe Kitopi-scm.pptx von MUGUNDANMani, hat 8 Folien mit 1843 Aufrufen. Kitopi-scm.pptx MUGUNDANMani 8 Folien•1.8K Aufrufe BCG Telco Sustainability Index von Boston Consulting Group, hat 28 Folien mit 7527 Aufrufen. BCG Telco Sustainability Index Boston Consulting Group 28 Folien•7.5K Aufrufe Service-Based Business Models & Circular Strategies for textiles von Sitra / Ekologinen kestävyys, hat 66 Folien mit 18973 Aufrufen. Service-Based Business Models & Circular Strategies for textiles Sitra / Ekologinen kestävyys 66 Folien•19K Aufrufe How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus... von Sage HR, hat 35 Folien mit 73069 Aufrufen. How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus... Sage HR 35 Folien•73.1K Aufrufe Ecotricity: Innovating to Create Business Value. von Sustain-Live Consulting, hat 31 Folien mit 1039 Aufrufen. Ecotricity: Innovating to Create Business Value. Sustain-Live Consulting 31 Folien•1K Aufrufe MEHR VON THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION (20) Transforming Health Systems Final Evaluation von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 88 Folien mit 2067 Aufrufen. Transforming Health Systems Final Evaluation The Rockefeller Foundation 88 Folien•2.1K Aufrufe The Transforming Health Systems (THS) initiative was one of The Rockefeller Foundation’s largest global health initiatives. Aligned with the Foundation’s mission to promote the well-being of humanity, THS aimed to improve the health status and financial resilience of poor and otherwise vulnerable populations through activities promoting improved health systems performance and the expansion of universal health coverage (UHC). This report synthesizes findings from a five-year, multicomponent evaluation of the THS initiative. The objectives of the evaluation were to assess i) the effectiveness of the three core strategies – global advocacy, regional networks, and country-level investments – employed under THS to advance progress toward UHC in low- and middle-income countries in four focus countries, ii) the overall effectiveness and influence of the initiative, and iii) the Foundation’s legacy in the UHC arena. A key component of the evaluation was to document lessons learned from achievements and challenges to inform the development of future initiatives at the Foundation. Overall, the evaluation found the THS initiative to be successful in its efforts to activate a global movement to accelerate progress toward UHC. The Foundation catalyzed and shaped the global UHC movement and, ultimately, influenced the inclusion of UHC in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the post-2015 agenda. It also created enduring cross-learning platforms and tools to support country progress toward the SDGs’ UHC targets. Although THS gained less traction in advancing UHC through its focus country investments, its success in making UHC a global development target and creating networks and coalitions to support UHC reform efforts in LMICs will likely have country-level impacts for years to come. Thinking Strategically About Networks for Change von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 62 Folien mit 1346 Aufrufen. Thinking Strategically About Networks for Change The Rockefeller Foundation 62 Folien•1.3K Aufrufe This guide is designed for program officers to use in their work related to networks, coalitions, and other relationship-based structures as part of their initiatives, program strategies, and outcomes. It offers a set of core components that make up the basics of strategizing, implementing, and sustaining inter-organizational relationships and structures. You can work through the guide from beginning to end or jump to specific issues with which you might be struggling. Every component suggests concrete “actions” or questions that a program officer can apply. Putting “Impact” at the Center of Impact Investing: A Case Study of How Green... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 36 Folien mit 2668 Aufrufen. Putting “Impact” at the Center of Impact Investing: A Case Study of How Green... The Rockefeller Foundation 36 Folien•2.7K Aufrufe More than ever before, investors are looking to put their money where their values are. As a result, impact investing has burgeoned into an over $100 billion industry in just over ten years. But how do impact investors know whether their money is truly having a positive impact on people and the planet? How can these investors better manage their results, and use material data – both positive and negative – about social and environmental performance to maximize their impact? This case study documents the journey of one organization, Green Canopy Homes – and its financing arm, Green Canopy Capital – toward more systematically thinking about, measuring, and managing its impact. While developing the impact thesis for its resource-efficient homes, Green Canopy applied a theory of change tool, an approach common within the social sector, to systematically map the causal pathways between its strategies and intended impact. Its rationale for adopting this approach was simple: use it to maximize impact, and understand and minimize possible harm. The tool also effectively positioned Green Canopy to measure and communicate about its social and environmental performance, and to make client-centric adaptations to its business. The case study provides an illuminating example of how investors can adapt theory of change to serve their impact management needs. By demonstrating the relevance and transferability of this tool for articulating, measuring, and managing impact, the hope is that this case study can contribute to strengthening other investors’ approaches, in turn contributing to building the evidence base for the “impact” of impact investments. Integrating mini grids with india's evolving electricity system may 2017 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 37 Folien mit 5069 Aufrufen. Integrating mini grids with india's evolving electricity system may 2017 The Rockefeller Foundation 37 Folien•5.1K Aufrufe Electricity is one of the most important drivers of socio-economic development, yet up to 250 million Indians are not connected to the national grid, and the majority of rural consumers have grossly unreliable power supply. More than solar lanterns and home systems that power a few lights and fans, among the most efficient ways to provide reliable electricity in remote areas is through local mini-grids. India has several run by energy service companies and usually funded by philanthropic capital. Most of these enterprises have not been able to scale-up their impact meaningfully because the risk of the national grid entering their markets can render their mini-grid unviable. Rather than seeing “grid versus mini-grid” as a policy choice, Beyond Off-Grid: Integrating Mini-Grids with India’s Evolving Electricity System explores ways we can encourage more of both: to have the grid operate in partnership with a network of distributed mini-grids to accelerate electrification. What does the roadmap for this ‘interconnection’ of our energy system look like? How can we leverage both government and private investment? What are the different interconnection models and their commercial, technical and regulatory implications? Where do mini-grids go from here? This timely report – commissioned by the Asha Impact Trust in collaboration with Shakti Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation – provides a multi-layered perspective to address these questions based on extensive research, wide-ranging policymaker interactions, and our investment experience evaluating mini-grid operators. Smart Power Connect May 2017 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 25 Folien mit 1574 Aufrufen. Smart Power Connect May 2017 The Rockefeller Foundation 25 Folien•1.6K Aufrufe We cannot achieve significant poverty reduction without stimulating electricity consumption, which fuels income-generating activities in the modern economy. In India, about 237 million people have little or no access to reliable electricity -- more than 90% of them live in rural areas. This severely constrains economic opportunities. Addressing this chronic problem requires going beyond simply expanding the government grid. Mini-grids have emerged as a viable solution to complement and integrate with the national grid, and can support the government in achieving its ‘Power for All’ vision. The Rockefeller Foundation’s Smart Power for Rural Development (SPRD) initiative is the first to pursue the creation of a mini-grid sector that is robust enough to fuel commercial enterprises and drive economic development beyond just one village. Smart Power India (SPI), which leads the SPRD initiative in India, has proven that mini-grids can be swiftly deployed to deliver reliable power, and has likewise demonstrated that mini-grids can spur economic activity needed to help people lift themselves out of poverty. This issue of Smart Power Connect, published after the hundredth village was connected to Smart Power, explores the efforts, success stories, and challenges faced in SPI’s mini-grid journey to date. With insights from government agencies, policy experts, energy service companies, investors and mini-grid customers themselves, this publication provides a glimpse into the potential of the mini-grids to transform the energy sector – and how rural communities are embracing and utilizing clean, reliable and adequate power to improve their lives. Expanding Opportunities for Renewable Energy-Based Mini-Grids in Rural India von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 2217 Aufrufen. Expanding Opportunities for Renewable Energy-Based Mini-Grids in Rural India The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•2.2K Aufrufe Today, nearly 240 million Indians lack access to reliable electricity, and 90 percent of them live in rural areas. Despite the government’s ambitious plans to accelerate universal electrification by 2018, challenges remain in providing reliable and sufficient energy to the last mile. Distributed renewable energy (DRE) solutions, and in particular mini-grids, have emerged as a reliable complement to the government’s electrification programs by providing rural areas with access to reliable and high-quality electricity at a much faster pace. The growth of the DRE sector will be an important fillip to the last-mile challenge. Smart Power India (SPI) is an organization that implements The Rockefeller Foundation’s Smart Power for Rural Development (SPRD) to build viable and commercially oriented mini-grid ecosystems in India. This report explains the Smart Power mini-grid model and explores the drivers of success. Analyzing early data from a cohort of the 106 Smart Power mini-grids operational as of 2017, SPI provides data on commercial performance as well as recommendations to further accelerate the rural mini-grid business. Encouragingly, the report reveals that the 23 top-cohort plants have an average unit-level profit margin of approximately 30% after the first year of operations. It also highlights that villages receiving electricity from SPRD mini-grids show early signs of social and economic impact (also see Understanding the Impact of Rural Electrification.) SPI has observed that site selection, a strong focus on operations, support for demand generation and marketing optimized for rural customers, are critical to the continued improvement of mini-grid operations. Finally, the report provides recommendations to address external challenges such as the need for increased financing, stronger policy support and further technological innovation. Implementation Models - Synthesis of Findings von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 82 Folien mit 2108 Aufrufen. Implementation Models - Synthesis of Findings The Rockefeller Foundation 82 Folien•2.1K Aufrufe A successful philanthropic initiative depends not just on the strategy pursued – but also on how that strategy is implemented. Implementation considerations can vary significantly based on the shape of an initiative – starting a new organization can look very different than investing in a portfolio of existing organizations. This report looks at four “models” for implementing initiatives. These don’t represent an exhaustive set of potential models to pursue, or even the most high potential models. Rather, these are four examples of models, each of which has significant potential for impact when chosen wisely and executed well. The report outlines the considerations involved in choosing to pursue each of these models and findings on how to implement them, drawn from real-world experience. Smart Power Impact Report von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 36 Folien mit 3685 Aufrufen. Smart Power Impact Report The Rockefeller Foundation 36 Folien•3.7K Aufrufe Globally, over 1 billion people still live without electricity. Roughly 237 million of these people are in India. Smart Power for Rural Development (SPRD) is a $75 million initiative aimed at accelerating development in India’s least electrified states. Through the deployment of decentralized renewable energy mini-grids, SPRD works to accelerate the growth of rural economies, while at the same time improving the lives and livelihoods of poor and marginalized families and communities. With access to energy, individuals, households, and communities can generate economic opportunities and enhance their quality of life. Understanding the Impact of Rural Electrification has generated significant insights on how SPRD is having an impact on the lives of villagers, and what more is needed to sustain, grow, and scale these gains. We’ve learned that households and businesses are slowly but surely moving up the energy ladder; enterprises are expanding and new ones are being created as a result of energy access, and women are feeling safer and more mobile after dark. In this report, we also introduce the innovative GDP+ approach which, which quantifies and measures the social, economic and environmental gains of access to electricity in GDP terms. The initial findings here show that SPRD villages experienced an $18.50 per capita increase in GDP+. Transforming Health Systems Final Evaluation von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 88 Folien mit 2067 Aufrufen. Transforming Health Systems Final Evaluation The Rockefeller Foundation 88 Folien•2.1K Aufrufe Thinking Strategically About Networks for Change von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 62 Folien mit 1346 Aufrufen. Thinking Strategically About Networks for Change The Rockefeller Foundation 62 Folien•1.3K Aufrufe Putting “Impact” at the Center of Impact Investing: A Case Study of How Green... von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 36 Folien mit 2668 Aufrufen. Putting “Impact” at the Center of Impact Investing: A Case Study of How Green... The Rockefeller Foundation 36 Folien•2.7K Aufrufe Integrating mini grids with india's evolving electricity system may 2017 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 37 Folien mit 5069 Aufrufen. Integrating mini grids with india's evolving electricity system may 2017 The Rockefeller Foundation 37 Folien•5.1K Aufrufe Smart Power Connect May 2017 von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 25 Folien mit 1574 Aufrufen. Smart Power Connect May 2017 The Rockefeller Foundation 25 Folien•1.6K Aufrufe Expanding Opportunities for Renewable Energy-Based Mini-Grids in Rural India von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 28 Folien mit 2217 Aufrufen. Expanding Opportunities for Renewable Energy-Based Mini-Grids in Rural India The Rockefeller Foundation 28 Folien•2.2K Aufrufe Implementation Models - Synthesis of Findings von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 82 Folien mit 2108 Aufrufen. Implementation Models - Synthesis of Findings The Rockefeller Foundation 82 Folien•2.1K Aufrufe Smart Power Impact Report von The Rockefeller Foundation, hat 36 Folien mit 3685 Aufrufen. Smart Power Impact Report The Rockefeller Foundation 36 Folien•3.7K Aufrufe KÜRZLICH HOCHGELADEN (20) Presentation is about ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE von jkyousafzi56, hat 19 Folien mit 67 Aufrufen. Presentation is about ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE jkyousafzi56 19 Folien•67 Aufrufe my presentation is about the ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACT ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE • how we impact our environment • how we impact our climate change • how we manage climate changed regulations • this presentation is about the ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE and our environmental cleanses we are discussing the impact of ecosystem and impact of climate change and is benefits and is disorder of environments and climate regulations Wildlife Management to student of wu.pptx von weedduuk, hat 121 Folien mit 11 Aufrufen. Wildlife Management to student of wu.pptx weedduuk 121 Folien•11 Aufrufe wildlife management wildfires DISATER ...................... von Pratham256834, hat 20 Folien mit 23 Aufrufen. wildfires DISATER ...................... Pratham256834 20 Folien•23 Aufrufe A wildfire presentation made by pratham. COP29 - TFI Event - Global Carbon Budget 2024 von ipcc-media, hat 5 Folien mit 86 Aufrufen. COP29 - TFI Event - Global Carbon Budget 2024 ipcc-media 5 Folien•86 Aufrufe Global Carbon Budget 2024 Natural-Vegetation-and-Wildlife-in-India By Piyush Jha.pptx von tanujatomar04, hat 11 Folien mit 41 Aufrufen. Natural-Vegetation-and-Wildlife-in-India By Piyush Jha.pptx tanujatomar04 11 Folien•41 Aufrufe very awsome Why Environmentally Friendly Grocery Bags Are Important von entrepouch34, hat 10 Folien mit 8 Aufrufen. Why Environmentally Friendly Grocery Bags Are Important entrepouch34 10 Folien•8 Aufrufe Environmentally friendly grocery bags are crucial in reducing waste and minimizing environmental impact. Unlike Plastic Food Packaging, which contributes to pollution, reusable bags help decrease plastic consumption, reduce landfill waste, and protect ecosystems. Switching to sustainable alternatives is a key step in promoting a greener, more eco-conscious future. Deforestation free trade: ideal or illusion? von Wageningen University & Research, hat 23 Folien mit 44 Aufrufen. Deforestation free trade: ideal or illusion? Wageningen University & Research 23 Folien•44 Aufrufe Deforestation free trade: ideal or illusion? Are zero deforestation value chains (ZD VC) the answer? 5TH INTERNATIONAL FOREST POLICY MEETING A POLITICAL FOREST University of Helsinki 10 April 2024 Verina Ingram & Jelle Behagel, Forest & Nature Conservation Policy Group From Insight to Action: Advancing Scientific Frontiers through Intergovernme... von ipcc-media, hat 15 Folien mit 32 Aufrufen. From Insight to Action: Advancing Scientific Frontiers through Intergovernme... ipcc-media 15 Folien•32 Aufrufe From Insight to Action: Advancing Scientific Frontiers through Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme (IHP) Presentation is about ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE von jkyousafzi56, hat 19 Folien mit 67 Aufrufen. Presentation is about ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE jkyousafzi56 19 Folien•67 Aufrufe Wildlife Management to student of wu.pptx von weedduuk, hat 121 Folien mit 11 Aufrufen. Wildlife Management to student of wu.pptx weedduuk 121 Folien•11 Aufrufe wildfires DISATER ...................... von Pratham256834, hat 20 Folien mit 23 Aufrufen. wildfires DISATER ...................... Pratham256834 20 Folien•23 Aufrufe COP29 - TFI Event - Global Carbon Budget 2024 von ipcc-media, hat 5 Folien mit 86 Aufrufen. COP29 - TFI Event - Global Carbon Budget 2024 ipcc-media 5 Folien•86 Aufrufe Natural-Vegetation-and-Wildlife-in-India By Piyush Jha.pptx von tanujatomar04, hat 11 Folien mit 41 Aufrufen. Natural-Vegetation-and-Wildlife-in-India By Piyush Jha.pptx tanujatomar04 11 Folien•41 Aufrufe Why Environmentally Friendly Grocery Bags Are Important von entrepouch34, hat 10 Folien mit 8 Aufrufen. Why Environmentally Friendly Grocery Bags Are Important entrepouch34 10 Folien•8 Aufrufe Deforestation free trade: ideal or illusion? von Wageningen University & Research, hat 23 Folien mit 44 Aufrufen. Deforestation free trade: ideal or illusion? Wageningen University & Research 23 Folien•44 Aufrufe From Insight to Action: Advancing Scientific Frontiers through Intergovernme... von ipcc-media, hat 15 Folien mit 32 Aufrufen. From Insight to Action: Advancing Scientific Frontiers through Intergovernme... ipcc-media 15 Folien•32 Aufrufe GERELATEERDE BOEKEN Kostenlos mit einem 30-tägigen Test von EverandAlle anzeigen BoekWorld Energy Transitions Outlook: 1.5°C PathwayInternational Renewable Energy Agency IRENA ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 BoekWaste to Energy in the Age of the Circular Economy: Best Practice HandbookAsian Development Bank ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 BoekGuidelines for Wind Resource Assessment: Best Practices for Countries Initiating Wind DevelopmentAsian Development Bank ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 BoekGrEEEn Solutions for Livable CitiesSonia Chand Sandhu ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 BoekStrengthening the Environmental Dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals in Asia and the Pacific Tool CompendiumAsian Development Bank ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 BoekFinancing Mechanisms for Wastewater and Sanitation ProjectsAsian Development Bank ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 BoekEnvironmental Assessment in Developing and Transitional Countries: Principles, Methods and Practice- ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 BoekEnvironmental Flows in Water Resources Policies, Plans, and Projects: Findings and RecommendationsRafik Hirji ★★★★☆4 / 5 GERELATEERDE LUISTERBOEKEN Kostenlos mit einem 30-tägigen Test von EverandAlle anzeigen LuisterboekFundamentals of Project Management, Sixth EditionJoseph Heagney ★★★★★5 / 5 LuisterboekHarvard Business Review Project Management Handbook: How to Launch, Lead, and Sponsor Successful ProjectsAntonio Nieto-Rodriguez ★★★★☆4 / 5 LuisterboekRisk Management: Concepts and Guidance, Fifth EditionCarl L. Pritchard PMP PMI-RMP EVP ★★★★☆4 / 5 LuisterboekHow to Manage Complex Programs: High-Impact Techniques for Handling Project Workflow, Deliverables, and TeamsTom Kendrick ★★★★☆4 / 5 LuisterboekIdentifying and Managing Project Risk 4th Edition: Essential Tools for Failure-Proofing Your ProjectTom Kendrick ☆☆☆☆☆0 / 5 LuisterboekSolarnomics: Setting up and Managing a Profitable Solar BusinessDavid Wright ★★★★★5 / 5 LuisterboekThe Fast Forward MBA in Project Management: The Comprehensive, Easy to Read Handbook for Beginners and Pros, 6th EditionEric Verzuh ★★★☆☆3 / 5 LuisterboekLean Project Management ExplainedCan Akdeniz ★★★★☆4 / 5 ASIAN CITIES CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE NETWORK INITIATIVE FINAL EVALUATION * 1. Summative Evaluation The Rockefeller Foundation Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network Initiative September 2014 VERULAM ASSOCIATES LTD THE RockefellerFoundation MONITORING&EVALUATIONOFFICE Supported by * 2. About Verulam Associates Verulam Associates is a UK-based international development consultancy company with an associate company in Bangladesh. Verulam’s focus is on organizational learning, delivered through evaluation, review, policy advice and support for organizational change. With a long-standing commitment to work in South and Southeast Asia, Verulam’s clients include the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, the European Commission, leading bilateral aid agencies including the UK Department for International Development, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, and the Government of the Netherlands, as well as major international and South Asian NGOs. Verulam’s approach is based on process consultancy and informed by clinical organizational understandings and insights. Verulam has undertaken regular monitoring of the Rockefeller Foundation’s ACCCRN Initiative since 2009 and conducted the Initiative’s Mid-Term Evaluation in 2011 and this Summative Evaluation in 2014. About The Rockefeller Foundation For more than 100 years, The Rockefeller Foundation’s mission has been to promote the well-being of humanity throughout the world. Today, The Rockefeller Foundation pursues this mission through dual goals: advancing inclusive economies that expand opportunities for more broadly shared prosperity, and building resilience by helping people, communities, and institutions prepare for, withstand, and emerge stronger from acute shocks and chronic stresses. Monitoring and Evaluation at the Foundation Committed to supporting learning, accountability, and performance improvements, the Foundation’s Monitoring and Evaluation team works with staff, grantees, and partners to monitor and evaluate the Foundation’s pathways to impact in the short- and long-term, and to capture lessons about what works and what doesn’t across the Foundation’s diverse portfolio. The contents of this report are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Rockefeller Foundation. © 2014, The Rockefeller Foundation Cover photo: ©Gitika Saksena for Robin Wyatt Vision * 3. Summative Evaluation The Rockefeller Foundation Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network Initiative September 2014 THE RockefellerFoundation MONITORING&EVALUATIONOFFICE * 4. ©NicDunlop * 5. Table of contents Acronyms iv Acknowledgements vii Preface ix Summary overview xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Climate change and urbanization 1 1.2 The Rockefeller Foundation and ACCCRN objectives 2 1.3 ACCCRN mid-term evaluation 3 1.4 ACCCRN summative evaluation 4 1.5 Methodology 4 1.6 Report 5 2. ACCCRN implementation 7 2.1 Growth of ACCCRN 7 2.2 Grantees and grants 8 3. Relevance and design 15 3.1 The relevance of ACCCRN 15 3.2 ACCCRN’s theory of change and design assumptions 16 3.3 Consideration of governance factors 19 3.4 Consideration of socio-economic factors 23 4. Efficiency 25 4.1 Use of Foundation resources 25 4.2 Grants and grantees 26 4.3 Program outcomes vs. city projects 29 4.4 Internal communications 30 5. Effectiveness 33 5.1 Articulating the UCCR concept 33 5.2 Putting the ACCCRN design into practice 37 5.3 ACCCRN as a network 40 5.4 Communications, publications and M&E grants 43 5.5 Engagement and leverage 45 6. Influence 47 6.1 Actors and audiences 47 6.2 Influence at the international level 48 6.3 Influencing at national and city levels 48 6.4 ACCCRN’s wider influence 49 6.5 ACCCRN’S influence in the Foundation 50 * 6. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVEii 7. Impact 53 7.1 Demonstrating a range of approaches, processes and practices 53 7.2 Impact on urban dwellers 54 7.3 Capacities of a cadre of champions 56 7.4 City impact 57 8. Sustainability 61 8.1 Knowledge and learning 61 8.2 Stakeholders 63 8.3 Policies and plans 63 8.4 Finance 64 9. Conclusions 65 9.1 Outcomes 65 9.2 Impacts 67 9.3 Successes 68 9.4 Challenges 68 10. Lessons and recommendations 71 10.1 Lessons for ACCCRN 71 10.2 Lessons for the Rockefeller Foundation 72 10.3 Recommendations 73 References 81 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Breakdown of grants by outcome 10 Table 2: Breakdown of grants by country and city 10 Table 3: Breakdown of all ACCCRN grants, by grantee and level 11 Table 4: Theory of change assumptions 17 Table 5: Comparison of resilience indicator frameworks 36 Table 6: Six different ACCCRN models 38 Table 7: Summary of current and proposed UCCR sustaining actions 62 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of cities in asia working with ACCCRN and related initiatives 7 Figure 2: Phasing in ACCCRN 8 Figure 3: Process steps in ACCCRN phases 2 and 3 9 Figure 4: Process steps in ACCCRN phases 2 to 4 9 Figure 5: Breakdown of grants by country. 10 Figure 6: The ISET urban climate resilience planning framework 34 Figure 7: Idealized ACCCRN approach 53 * 7. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE iii Figure 8: Diverse 1st and 2nd generation ACCCRN models 54 Figure 9: Closing the CRS loop with a resilience review 75 Figure 10: Linking CRSs with overall planning and finance 76 ANNEXES Annex 1: Terms of reference Annex 2: Evaluation matrix Annex 3: Grant data Annex 4: Climate change as a wicked problem Annex 5: The UCCR concept Annex 6: The ACCCRN models Annex 7: Evolution of the ACCCRN Network Annex 8: List of city projects targeting the poor and vulnerable Annex 9: ACCCRN leverage Annex 10: People met All annexes listed can be found in the separate annex document for this report. * 8. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVEiv Acronyms 100RC 100 Resilient Cities ACCCRN Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network ADB Asian Development Bank APCO APCO Worldwide Inc. APEKSI Association of Indonesian Municipalities AR4/5 Fourth/Fifth Assessment Report BBC British Broadcasting Corporation CC Climate change CCA Climate change adaptation CCCO Climate Change Coordination Office CCCI Cities and Climate Change Initiative CCR Climate change response CDIA City Development Initiative for Asia COHED Centre for Community Health and Development COP21 Conference of the Parties 21 CRS City resilience strategy CtC Challenge to Change DFID Department for International Development DNPI Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim – National Council on Climate Change (Indonesia) DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DRR Disaster risk reduction GEAG Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GIZ German International Cooperation GoI Government of Indonesia Green ID Green Innovation and Development Centre HABITAT III Third UN Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development HFA Hyogo Framework for Action IAP ICLEI-ACCCRN Process IATI International Aid Transparency Initiative ICA Indonesia Climate Alliance ICCCAD International Centre for Climate Change and Development ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives ICRIER Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations IDRC International Development Research Centre IDS Institute for Development Studies * 9. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE v IFI International Finance Institutions IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IIED International Institute for Environment and Development IPCC International Panel on Climate Change IRAD Integrated Research and Action for Development ISET Institute of Social and Environmental Transition JNNURM Jawarlal Nehru National Urban Renewable Mission KfW KfW Bankengruppe – German development bank M&E Monitoring and evaluation M-BRACE Mekong Building Resilience in ACCCRN Cities to Climate Change MCI Millennium Cities Initiative MoE Ministry of Environment MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MoPW Ministry of Public Works MOU Memorandum of understanding MTE Mid-Term Evaluation NCCC National Climate Change Committee NGO Non-governmental organization NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs NISTPASS National Institute for Science and Technology Policy and Strategy Studies OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PDIA Program-driven interative adaptation PEARL Peer Exchange and Reflective Learning RAN-API Climate Change Adaptation National Action Plan (Indonesia) RAN-PI Climate Change National Action Plan (Indonesia) RF The Rockefeller Foundation SAG Strategy and Alignment Group SC Steering committee SDC Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation SDG Sustainable Development Goal SLD Shared learning dialogue SRC Stockholm Resilience Centre TARU TARU Leading Edge Pvt. Ltd. TEI Thailand Environmental Institute TERI The Energy Research Institute TOC Theory of change * 10. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVEvi TORs Terms of reference UCCR Urban Climate Change Resilience UCCRP Urban Climate Change Resilience Partnership UCCRTF Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund UCR-CoP Urban Climate Resilience Community of Practice UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Program UNISDR UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction USAID United States Agency for International Development VA Vulnerability assessment VFM Value for money VIAP Vietnam Institute for Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning WG Working group WUF World Urban Forum * 11. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE vii Acknowledgements This evaluation was undertaken by Verulam Associates Ltd., the ACCCRN Monitoring and Evaluation Grantee, under the technical direction of Paul Thornton. The evaluation team, led by Julian Barr (Co-Chair of Itad), included Chris Albertyn, Dr. Aditya Bahadur, Moho Chaturvedi, Dr. Wijitbusuba Ann Marome, Sarah Standley and Vu Xuan Nguyet Hong. Itad’s Sarah Standley led on compiling data and other research evidence and Susie Bartlett did a sterling job of anchoring all our logistics. At Verulam Associates, management support was provided by Masum Khan, peer review by Paul Thornton and quality assurance and grant management by Dr. Hilary Thornton. The Rockefeller Foundation Evaluation Office in New York and the ACCCRN team members in Bangkok and New York were very accommodating of the evaluation team and responsive to all our requests. In particular, Laura Fishler and Fern Uennatornwaranggoon gave excellent support and advice, not least on the ACCCRN documents. We would like to thank all those who agreed to meet with the evaluation team and responded willingly with time and information including ACCCRN grantees at country and regional level, ACCCRN partners at city and national level, and the wide range of other key informants. We would also like to offer particular thanks to those who made invaluable contributions in arranging a complicated agenda with many meetings and intricate itineraries – specifically: Piva Bell at Mercy Corps and Irvan Pulungan at the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) in Indonesia; Pakamas Thinphanga at the Thailand Environmental Institute (TEI), Bangkok; Dr. Umamaheshwaran Rajasekar at TARU Leading Edge Pvt. Ltd. (TARU), Bijay Kumar Singh at the Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group (GEAG), and Sunandan Tiwari at ICLEI in India; and Ngo Le Mai at ISET-Vietnam. * 12. ©LisaMurrayforRobinWyattVision * 13. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE ix Preface Launched in 2008, the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) Initiative aimed to catalyze attention, funding, and action for building the climate change resilience of vulnerable cities and people in Asia. Given that current estimates forecast that about 55 percent of Asia’s population will be living in urban centers by 2030, the ACCCRN Initiative is built on the premise that cities can take actions to build climate resilience – including drainage and flood management, ecosystem strengthening, increasing awareness, and disease control – which can greatly improve the lives of poor and vulnerable people, not just in times of shock or stress, but every day. At the time the initiative was launched, the concept of urban resilience and models for implementing it were nascent and emergent. ACCCRN proved to be an important experiment and “learning lab” for the Foundation and its grantees and partners to build capacity in cities to better understand and implement resilience solutions to the often devastating shocks and stresses of climate change. The initiative was effective in the initial 10 ACCCRN cities and, later, in an additional 40 cities. As part of our Foundation-wide commitment to learning and accountability to our grantees, partners and stakeholders, we undertook an independent evaluation of the work of the initiative in 2014 to assess what worked well and not so well in ACCCRN. Conducted by Verulam Associates and ITAD, who also conducted a mid-term evaluation of the ACCCRN Initiative in 2011, this summative evaluation highlights successes, but also provides an important moment to reflect on the challenges we faced and on what we can do better or differently going forward. We are pleased to share the results of this evaluation and to contribute to the broader learning process in the field of urban resilience. The evaluation has provided a valuable opportunity for the Foundation to reflect on the impact and promise of this body of work. We remain committed to the continued leverage of our experience and our extensive network to enable broader interest in and commitment to urban climate change resilience. The success of ACCCRN has already directly informed other resilience efforts at the Foundation, most significantly 100 Resilient Cities, a $150 million effort to help build urban resilience in 100 cities around the world. Organizations, systems, and societies, like humans, are not born with resilience – we learn it, we adapt it, and we improve upon it. Nancy MacPherson Ashvin Dayal Managing Director, Evaluation Associate Vice President, Managing Director, Asia The Rockefeller Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation * 14. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVEx ©GitikaSaksenaforRobinWyattVision * 15. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE xi Summary overview Our planet’s climate is unequivocally warming. At the same time, the global population continues to urbanize, with many of the risks of climate change concentrated in urban areas. In Asia, the fastest urbanizing region of the world, 64 percent of the population will live in cities by 2050. The 500 million Asians who currently live in slums are among those most vulnerable to climate change. In 2007, in order to address this nexus of urbanization, climate change, poverty, and vulnerability in Asia, the Board of Trustees of The Rockefeller Foundation invested $70 million in support of its Climate Change Initiative. The initiative has three distinct and separate components: i) the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) component, which is the focus of this evaluation, ii) the African Agriculture Climate Change Resilience component, and iii) the US Climate Change Policy component. The objectives of the overall Climate Change Initiative are to: 1. build climate change resilience of poor and vulnerable urban populations in the developing world through developing, promoting, and disseminating models for community resilience 2. build climate change resilience of poor and vulnerable smallholder farmers in Africa through climate change-sensitive agricultural development practices 3. increase funding and support for climate change resilience of poor and vulnerable people in the United States and potentially in the developing world, by influencing US mitigation policy and practice. The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) Of the total funds approved for the overall Climate Change Initiative, approximately $42 million were set aside to implement the Asia Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) component over a six-year period: 2007–2012. Of the $20 million approved for the two-year initiative extension, $17 million was allocated for ACCCRN, bringing the total ACCCRN budget to $59 million. Granting was extended for a further two years to 2014, with all activities concluding in 2016. ACCCRN had four intended outcomes. • Outcome 1 - Capacity. Improve the capacity of ACCCRN cities to plan, finance, coordinate, and implement climate change resilience. • Outcome 2 – Knowledge, learning, and deepening of experience. Share practical knowledge on urban climate change resilience (UCCR) in order to deepen the quality of awareness, engagement, demand, and application by ACCCRN cities and other stakeholders. * 16. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVExii • Outcome 3 – Expansion, networking, scaling-up. Expand UCCR, with ACCCRN and new cities taking action through existing and additional financial, policy, and technical support generated by a range of actors, particularly new donors. • Outcome 4 – Organizational excellence, management, accountability, and learning. Ensure that The Rockefeller Foundation’s ACCCRN team operates effectively and efficiently, and is relevant and accountable to stakeholders and the context in which it operates, providing leadership and contributing to the Foundation’s strategy and mission. The 2011 mid-term evaluation of ACCCRN found four areas of need. 1. Understanding. ACCCRN was a pioneering and highly relevant initiative, enabling, supporting, and exploring approaches and methodologies to vulnerability assessment and the design of city-level resilience plans, but the understanding of resilience was weak in some cities and needed to be strengthened in order for the initiative to succeed. 2. Documentation. The UCCR approach needed continued reflection and documentation. 3. Sharing and institutionalization. Sharing of UCCR experiences needed to be stepped up, as did the adoption of UCCR ideas and the institutionalization of the city-level advisory committees and working groups. 4. Networking. There was no compelling value proposition for another network as proposed initially by ACCCRN but there was definitely a demand for networking and sharing of knowledge and experience among individuals and groups. In 2014, a summative evaluation was conducted to assess ACCCRN and make recommendations regarding the following. 1. Influence and impact. Assess to what extent ACCCRN’s influence and impact can be attributed to The Rockefeller Foundation’s support. 2. Outcomes and achievements. Assess both intended and unintended outcomes and achievements of the initiative, and the extent to which they appear to be sustainable beyond the Foundation’s involvement. 3. Relevance and added value. Assess ACCCRN’s relevance and value added to the evolution of UCCR in Asia and the new work of the Foundation, including the validity and evolution of the theory of change and hypothesis1 of the initiative in relation to challenges of UCCR in Asia. 4. Leadership and management. Assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the Foundation’s leadership and management of the Initiative. 5. Knowledge contributions. Assess the quantity and quality of the knowledge contributions of ACCCRN to the fields of urban climate change resilience (UCCR) and resilience in general, as well as to network development efforts. The evaluation also sought to make recommendations to the Foundation on further actions needed to nurture and sustain the achievements of the initiative including resource mobilization and stakeholder 1 “Demonstrating contextually appropriate models of urban climate resilience, combined with cross-learning and support for replication and scaling up, can contribute to improved and more rapid development of urban climate resilience models throughout the developing world.” * 17. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE xiii engagement, optimal timing and considerations for the Foundation’s consolidation strategy for ACCCRN, and implications of the work of ACCCRN for the new resilience work, particularly 100RC, the Global Resilience Partnership (GRP), and the overall resilience goal of the Foundation. Overall conclusions The summative evaluation concurs with the mid-term findings that ACCCRN was a well-conceived, timely and needed idea, and has been highly relevant to Asian cities where the twin-pressures of urbanization and climate change are keenly felt. It concludes overall that ACCCRN is a successful initiative which has developed a relevant approach to UCCR, tested and adapted this approach in a range of cities, built capacities to strengthen UCCR, produced a good body of published documentation on ACCCRN, and leveraged new funding and actors for building UCCR. As might be expected in a large and complex enterprise such as this, not everything has gone as planned. The sustainability at city level has yet to be tested, and it has proven difficult to establish a network of UCCR practitioners. Leveraging a fully collegiate way of working and realizing the potential complemen- tarity of grants has been suboptimal, and it has taken longer than anticipated to mesh The Rockefeller Foundation, DFID, and ADB ways of working to operationalize the Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund (UCCRTF). Specific findings by Outcome OUTCOME 1 – CAPACITY 1. Capacity of city partners to plan, finance, coordinate, and implement climate change resilience strategies has improved in all cities. ACCCRN’s multi-stakeholder approach, and its iterative, learn- ing-by-doing modality has created new (more resilient) relationships among city actors, and in most cities, has improved the ownership of and commitment to building UCCR. The model of entering cities through a city climate change working group (of various modalities) was a pragmatic starting point. 2. City working groups have acquired new skills. Acquired skills, such as for undertaking vulnerability analyses and developing resilience strategies, mean increased ability to cope with the risks implied by climate change. However, it is less evident that capacities to deal with the uncertainty aspects of climate change have been emphasized. OUTCOME 2 – KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING, COLLABORATION 3. Individual and shared learning, and practical knowledge have contributed to building UCCR. Although this has been more individual than organizational, there have also been broad increases in appreciation of UCCR when, for example, systems-wide UCCR projects, such as early warning and surveillance systems were implemented, and when UCCR ideas were taken up into planning and policy, as seen in Vietnam and Indonesia. * 18. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVExiv 4. ACCCRN and its partners have invested strongly in documenting the experiences and lessons. The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) research and publication grant has been effective in helping ACCCRN achieve a presence in the academic space around urban climate change, particularly around the operationalization of supporting cities to prepare for climate change. There are some obstacles to knowledge sharing regionally, due to language barriers, and nationally, due to the technical level of the writing. OUTCOME 3 – EXPANSION, NETWORKING, SCALING UP 5. Achievement of the network/networking objectives in ACCCRN has been challenging. Factors include the multifaceted aims of a network, and the diversity and geographic spread of potential members. It is not certain that the new attempt at networking has sufficiently addressed these. However, there is greater prospect for success in country-level networks that link to pre-existing groups and structures. 6. Achievements on scaling, replication, and leveraging have been much better. ACCCRN granted to ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) to expand ACCCRN to 40 more cities (including in new countries), using a lighter-touch approach. Similarly, Mercy Corp in Indonesia has extended the approach to six more cities, and the Institute for Social and Environmental Transition (ISET) has levered new funds from USAID to implement an ACCCRN-based approach in four new cities in Vietnam and Thailand. A major result on leverage has been the establishment of the UCCRP with DFID, ADB and USAID. 7. Increased commitment to UCCR can be seen at country and city levels. At country level, there are examples of national commitment to UCCR-related issues, and at city level, governments have expressed interest in investing in UCCR. However, overall, the influence ACCCRN has achieved at the national level has been variable, related to the extent to which climate change has been given priority in policy-making circles and the strategy ACCCRN has taken in engaging in this space. OUTCOME 4 – ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND LEARNING 8. The Rockefeller Foundation ACCCRN team structure has allowed the Foundation to gain an in-depth knowledge of UCCR and how it gets put into practice. This placed the team in a strong position to lever other actors. The Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) was established to address concerns about coordination of grantees, though its focus has mostly been tactical. Overall, the evaluation considers that the potential complementarity and synergies of the mix of grantees that were brought together have not been realized. IMMEDIATE IMPACT – A DIVERSE RANGE OF UCCR APPROACHES, PROCESSES, AND PRACTICES 9. ACCCRN has generated a variety of models around a core ACCCRN approach. These processes, approaches, and practices have been tailored by grantees and host cities according to the expertise and orientation of the facilitating grantee, and in response to the national and city context. With at least seven emerging “models,” ACCCRN’s objective to develop and test a “diverse range of effective approaches, processes, and practices” has been fully met and a number have been scaled out. * 19. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE xv ULTIMATE IMPACT – RESILIENCE AND CAPACITY OF A GROWING NUMBER OF ASIAN CITIES IS ENHANCED AND, THROUGH THIS WORK, THE LIVES OF POOR AND VUL- NERABLE MEN AND WOMEN ARE IMPROVED 10. A growing number of Asian cities have improved their UCCR through ACCCRN. These cities have contributed a number of smaller pieces in the larger UCCR jigsaw. Quantifying the actual improvement in UCCR is difficult, not least because ACCCRN was experimental in nature when the concept of resilience was just starting to take hold, and its cities have not adopted a measurement framework to assess impact. Successes Four particular ACCCRN successes highlight the importance of the pioneering approach initiated by the initiative. 1. UCCR as a relevant, operational approach. The Rockefeller Foundation was a “first mover” in setting up ACCCRN as a pioneering initiative to understand and build UCCR. The development of a multistakeholder-based process of studies (including vulnerability analysis) and collective reflection on these led to the production of a City Resilience Strategy, and is now recognized as an appropriate mechanism to help cities appreciate and build UCCR. In this novel field, working with an emergent strategy and following a learning-by-doing approach was entirely appropriate. The resultant learning on how to operationalize city-level intervention on UCCR is valued by a range of stakeholders. 2. UCCR literature. ACCCRN has created a large body of published research and documentation of the ACCCRN process and experience. Knowledge has been one of the initiative’s major outcomes. 3. UCCR partnership. A major success for ACCCRN has been its formalization of the Urban Climate Change Resilience Partnership (UCCRP) and its attendant Trust Fund. UCCRP is managed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) but implemented jointly with ACCCRN. It is funded jointly by DFID and USAID. 4. Reputational legacy. ACCCRN’s grantees and participating cities have emerged with a strong, collective reputation for innovation in the field of UCCR. Furthermore, The Rockefeller Foundation has emerged with good reputational capital for having been an early, committed, and professionally engaged funder in this important and emerging field. Challenges Some areas have proven to be more challenging for ACCCRN. 1. Networking. As ACCCRN has progressed, its conception of “network” has become increasingly complex and “catch-all” in its proposed functions. While the interdependent links in proposed network objectives are conceptually coherent, the heterogeneous target membership (including individuals and organizations), geographic scope, language and cultural diversities, and expectations of multiple functions all mitigate against attracting active membership engagement. The emergence of more active national networks, linked to existing groupings and with a local identity and purpose, appears to be more realistic than a multi-faceted ACCCRN-oriented network. 2. Working collaboratively. While the spread of grants in ACCCRN was generally appropriate, major granting has been exclusively to single grantees, with little incentive to collaborate. The situation may * 20. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVExvi be characterized as collegial rather than collaborative, and thus there have been some inefficiencies in achieving collective results 3. Closing the experimental loop. Experimentation in resilience building in a young field was appropriate. With seven practical ACCCRN models emerging from the natural experiment, analysis has yet to be done across all these models. Given the diversity of contexts (mainly of governance) and of partner approaches, it remains for the analysis to address the questions “what works, where, and why?” 4. Closing the city resilience strategy cycle. City resilience strategies (CRSs) identify vulnerabilities to climate change and prioritize a set of actions to address them. The process followed in creating the strategies was as important as the finalized documents. However, they have not been well linked into formal city development plans or finance mechanisms. If CRSs are not mainstreamed, they risk becoming peripheral. 5. Determining a city’s resilience. UCCR is a difficult concept to articulate and, with such a multi- dimensional concept, it is hard for city stakeholders to know whether their city is indeed becoming more resilient. The extent to which resilience is being built in cities, against any sort of calibration, is very subjective. To have a better feedback loop on whether resilience is improving, cities need a more routine approach to city-led monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes of UCCR actions, and some sort of assessment framework against which they can judge whether they are becoming more resilient. 6. Ensuring policy traction. The theory of change considered that knowledge, empirical evidence, and hands-on capacity building would achieve commitment to UCCR. This oversimplified the political and economic realities of cities and took for granted the importance of the national policy context in the motivating cities to engage. Lessons Lessons for ACCCRN. Having developed and tested an approach to UCCR, the key lessons for ACCCRN are about how to make UCCR practice stick for a whole range of stakeholders. 1. Messaging. Resilience is a difficult concept, and UCCR more so. ACCCRN messaging on UCCR is undoubtedly credible, but much of it has prioritized city projects. Much has also been in lengthy documents, targeted at more advanced audiences which practitioners have not found accessible. The lesson calls for considering the importance of messaging to non-technical practitioners and policymaker audiences, in appropriate languages and cultural styles. 2. Networking. Networking and building coalitions of connectors and champions is part of getting the message across. ACCCRN has given much attention to networking, though not always successfully. The value proposition of the to-be-refreshed ACCCRN network is not yet clear. Country networks are emerging as the most functional model for ACCCRN. The lesson calls for giving consideration to the people who will sell and scale the UCCR message. 3. Strategic opportunism. ACCCRN has been strategic at creating its own opportunities, convening donors at Bellagio, forming a partnership with ADB and DFID, and hosting and presenting at various conferences. Overall, however, it has not been close enough to national and global policy processes to identify strategic opportunities to promote the UCCR agenda. The lesson is to use political economic * 21. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE xvii analysis during the early stages of engagement (at every level), and work with grantees who have the capability to use these analyses to inform strategic opportunism. General lessons from ACCCRN. The evaluation provides reflections and lessons from ACCCRN that are relevant and generalizable to The Rockefeller Foundation. 1. Discovery. ACCCRN helped shape and simultaneously achieve results in a new and complex area. The use of emergent strategy and experimentation were appropriate management approaches in this environment. This was time well invested. The lesson for the Foundation is to have some flexibility in the time it allocates to new initiatives in their discovery phase, with the available time related to the complexity and novelty of the field. 2. Tailoringtocontext.Theinitiativehasatleastsevenparallelmodelsconcurrentlyinexecutionacross two generations of models. This diversity was envisaged in the ACCCRN design, and contextually adapted models are more likely to be accepted and endure. The lesson reminds that one-size-fits-all approaches historically fail. A key aspect of tailoring to local context is understanding and relating to the local and national political economy. 3. Granting. ACCCRN gave grants to individual organizations, and much time and energy was then invested in trying to get the grantees to work together. This is paradoxical. It resulted in collegiality, but not collaboration. The lesson indicates that initiatives should consider collaborative grants and improved levels of transparency about grants within an initiative. 4. Working with other funders. The UCCR Partnership is a demonstration of the credibility of the UCCR concept, and of the Foundation’s convening and influencing power. However, operational- izing the idea has been difficult. The lesson has been that developing joint guidance on operating the trust fund, and achieving agreements from four funders with quite different funding models and operational requirements has been time-consuming – first in understanding the differences, and then in reaching consensus. 5. Paralleling100ResilientCities(100RC).ACCCRNcitiesreportedbeingconfusedbyTheRockefeller Foundation having two different streams of urban resilience funding. Some city stakeholders had interpreted 100RC as “ACCCRN 2.0” - an opportunity to access a further stream of funding to continue city projects. The lesson is that there is a need for a clear narrative, shared by ACCCRN and 100RC of the differences and complementarities between the two initiatives. It is also important to develop a narrative for the ACCCRN cities that do not qualify for 100RC funds, so that this is not seen as “failure.” 6. Adding a gender lens. ACCCRN is gender neutral. This means it has not been possible to see the different effects of its actions on men and on women. The lesson for the Foundation is that, due to the way the initiative has been designed and implemented, it does not appear to have lived up to the Foundation’s vision of, and support for, gender equality as a key element of inclusive economies. * 22. ©GitikaSaksenaforRobinWyattVision * 23. 1 SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 1 Introduction The Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) was launched in 2007 to test and demonstrate a range of actions to build climate change resilience in urban areas. ACCCRN is one of three components of the Foundation’s Developing Climate Change Resilience Initiative, the only one with a focus on urban resilience in Asia. In its formative phase, ACCCRN worked with 10 Asian cities across India, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. Since the 2011 mid-term evaluation, activity has expanded to include Bangladesh and the Philippines with about 50 cities engaged in some level of ACCCRN-related work. By the end of implementation in 2016, this is likely to exceed 100 cities.2 1.1 Climate change and urbanization ACCCRN was designed to address the twin pressures of climate change and urbanization. The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) stated 2 The climate change and urbanization context of ACCCRN and the ACCCRN design concept and implementation details are described more fully in the Mid-Term Evaluation (Barr et al., 2012) and ACCCRN’s own documentation, including its monitoring reports, available at: http:// www.acccrn.org/ Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. In considering the impacts of this, the report went on to say: Many global risks of climate change are con- centrated in urban areas (medium confidence). Steps that build resilience and enable sustainable development can accelerate successful climate- change adaptation globally. As the planet continues to warm, so the world will continue to urbanize. Sustainable development challenges will be increasingly concentrated in cities, particularly in the lower-middle-income countries where the pace of urbanization is fastest (UNDESA, 2014). The Rio +20 Conference on Sustainable Development (UN, 2014) recognized that cities can lead the way towards economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable societies, but a holistic approach to urban planning and management is needed to improve living standards of urban and rural dwellers alike. * 24. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE2 Whileglobally,2014figuresfind54 percentoftheworld’s population residing in urban areas, in Asia the figure is 48 percent. However, projections that the global proportion will reach 66 percent by 2050 also project thattheAsianurbanpopulationwillreachapproximately 64 percent (UNDESA, 2014). This indicates that Asia is the fastest urbanizing area of the world, with the urban population increasing by 1.5 percent annually. The region is making substantive investments to respond to this growth (e.g. infrastructure investment), which creates “a window of opportunity to make cities more – not less – resilient to a range of climate impacts, by influencing the growth trajectory of urban areas, given the long lifecycle of such investments” (The Rockefeller Foundation, n.d.). The urban population is not uniform. World Bank figures show that about 25 percent of the global population living below the poverty line is in cities. Within cities in Asia, between 24 percent and 35 percent of people live in slums – almost 500 million across Asia (UN-HABITAT, 2012). These urban poor are also those most vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change (UN-HABITAT, 2013). ACCCRN, therefore, aims to address the nexus of urbanization, climate change, and poverty and vulnerability. 1.2 The Rockefeller Foundation and ACCCRN objectives The Rockefeller Foundation’s mission is to promote the well-being of humanity, globally. It does this by advancing inclusive economies for shared prosperity, and through helping people, communities, and institutions to build resilience. The Foundation works at the intersection of four focus areas – advance health, revalue ecosystems, secure livelihoods and transform cities. Cities have always faced stresses, but the bases for this focal area include the rate at which change is occurring in cities, the immense scale of growing urbanization around the world, and climate change as the “great threat multiplier” (Rodin, 2014a). The Rockefeller Foundation now has a growing portfolio of resilience initiatives, including the recently announced Global Resilience Partnership (Rodin, 2014b), jointly funded with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the centennial urban-specific resilience initiative 100 Resilient Cities (see 100 Resilient Cities website). Both build on and extend the experience of ACCCRN, which retains its particular focus on climate change as the stressor on city systems. Thus through ACCCRN, the Foundation aims to contribute to achieving the ultimate impact: Enhanced resilience and capacity of a growing number of developing country/Asian cities in relation to current and future climate risks, and improved lives of poor and vulnerable men and women.3 With the more immediate impact being: A diverse range of effective approaches, processes, and practices demonstrated in ACCCRN cities that build urban climate change resilience that incorporates the priorities of poor and vulnerable communities.4 ACCCRN seeks to contribute to impact by achieving three external outcomes and one internally focused outcome.5 • Outcome 1 – Capacity There is improved capacity to plan, finance, coordinate, and implement climate change resilience strategies within ACCCRN cities. • Outcome 2 – Knowledge, learning and deepening of experience (knowledge, learning and collaboration) Individual and shared learning and practical knowledge to build urban climate change resilience 3 For the original full ACCCRN Results Framework see Verulam/ACCCRN, 2010, and for the revised version, see Verulam/ACCCRN, 2013. 4 ibid 5 These outcomes were revised in 2013, to adjust Outcome 2 from net- worked knowledge and learning to individual and shared learning, and Outcome 3 to incorporate networking as a component of expansion and scaling-up. * 25. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 3 deepens the quality of awareness, engagement, and application by ACCCRN cities and other stakeholders. • Outcome 3 – Expansion, networking, scaling-up (money, leverage, networks) UCCR is expanded with ACCCRN and new cities sharing experience through existing and new networks, and taking action through existing and additional support (finance, policy, technical) generated by a range of actors. • Outcome 4 – Organizational excellence, management, accountability and learning (management) The Rockefeller Foundation ACCCRN Team operates effectively efficiently and is relevant and accountable to stakeholders and the context in which it operates. It also provides leadership in The Rockefeller Foundation and contributes to its strategy and mission. 1.3 ACCCRN mid-term evaluation The aims of the formative mid-term evaluation (MTE) conducted in 2011 (Barr et al., 2012), included: • to assess the ongoing relevance and rationale of the Initiative to the field of urban climate change resilience (UCCR) in developing countries, and to the needs of key stakeholders • to assess the underlying hypothesis that demonstrating contextually appropriate models of UCCR, which, combined with cross-learning and support for replication and scaling-up, can contribute to improved and more rapid development of urban climate resilience models throughout the developing world • to assess the effectiveness of the Initiative in delivering its outputs and in making progress towards achieving its outcomes in the first phase of execution (2008- 2010) • to make recommendations for mid-course corrections to the Foundation on the Initiative. Key findings from the MTE included: • ACCCRN was “in the right place at the right time,” enabling, supporting and exploring approaches and methodologies to vulnerability assessment and the design of city-level resilience plans • the sustainability of a UCCR approach would depend on the success of continued reflection on the process, documentation and sharing of UCCR experiences, adoption of UCCR ideas, and the institutionalization of the city-level advisory committees and working groups • high likelihood that ACCCRN’s high-level objective of “a diverse range of effective approaches, processes, and practices to build UCCR” would be demonstrated in the 10 cities, and that this would scale-out to other cities. The MTE recommended a one-year extension of ACCCRN to ensure that the lessons from Phase 3 (i.e. working with city stakeholders on resilience projects) would be fully reflected on, documented and shared. The Board of Trustees of The Rockefeller Foundation adopted this recommendation with a time extension and an additional $17 million. 1.4 ACCCRN summative evaluation This summative evaluation had three primary purposes:6 1) Learning to contribute to the Foundation’s knowledge about the outcomes and impact of ACCCRN in order to inform future work in the area of UCCR and resilience, as well as the Foundation’s work more widely. 2) Accountability to The Rockefeller Foundation President and Board of Trustees and other key stakeholders for the expenditure of funds (approx. $59 million), staff, and other resources in relation to the achievements of the Initiative. 6 The Terms of Reference (TORs) of the current Summative Evaluation, carried out in March 2014, are presented in Annex 1. * 26. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE4 3) Asapublicgood,contributingknowledgeonurban climate change resilience and on approaches to evaluating climate change and resilience. With these objectives of broadly assessing the successes (or otherwise) of the ACCCRN program, this evaluation has considered the achievements, challenges, and success factors in the different contexts in which the Initiative has been implemented. Thus, the evaluation has: • assessed the relevance of ACCCRN to the evolution of UCCR in Asia and the new work of the Rockefeller Foundation • assessed the efficiency and effectiveness of the Foundation’s leadership and management of the Initiative, including the allocation of Foundation resources, outputs delivered, thought leadership, and building effective partnerships and alliances to implement and sustain the Initiative • assessed the influence and impact achieved, in particular the extent to which critical stakeholders have been motivated and stimulated to change attitudes, behavior, practices, and systems in support of UCCR in ACCCRN cities, and to what extent this can be attributed to the Foundation’s support • considered outcomes and achievements of the Initiative as well as impacts, and assessed the extent to which the achieved outcomes – both intended and unintended – are sustainable beyond the Foundation’s involvement • highlighted the knowledge contributions of ACCCRN to the fields of UCCR and resilience in general, as well as to network development efforts. 1.5 Methodology Evaluation matrix The evaluation objectives and evaluation questions have been combined to create an evaluation matrix as the structural framework for the evaluation (Annex 2). In developing the matrix, some of the questions related to influence and effectiveness have been moved within the matrix to give better coherence around the objectives. Data collection Data were collected through different approaches. A major tool was semi-structured interviews against a checklist of questions, with: • ACCCRN grantees and partners in the capital cities of all four original ACCCRN countries and the initial 10 ACCCRN cities (the evaluation did not sample the cities – all 10 were visited) • partners and stakeholders in: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) replication cities, Shimla in India and Sukabumi in Indonesia; Mercy Corps/Association of Indonesian Municipalities (APEKSI) replication and best practicecityofBlitarinIndonesia;andnon-ACCCRN Mekong Building Resilience in ACCCRN Cities to Climate Change (M-BRACE) replication cities of Udon Thani in Thailand and Hue in Vietnam • climate change leaders, policy makers and practitioners in Asia and globally • international and regional ACCCRN grantees, partner organizations and other climate change funders in Asia and globally • staff of The Rockefeller Foundation in Bangkok and New York, including the members of the Executive Team, ACCCRN management and those involved with other relevant initiatives, particularly resilience initiatives. The quantitative and financial data from the ACCCRN grant portfolio were analyzed to examine the granting patterns. A plan was also developed to undertake a separate assessment of all ACCCRN city projects to provide an evidence base for the evaluation, but this did not occur. ACCCRN is somewhat unusual in the development sector for several reasons. Being an initiative rather than a program, it is at a larger scale and a longer duration than most programs, so has generated a very large volume of documentary material. Within this, it has generated a large body of public domain documents * 27. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 5 about itself, many of them in peer-reviewed journals. Thus, there is already a considerable body of published material on ACCCRN in existence. The Rockefeller Foundation has created a repository of some 2,000 ACCCRN documents, including grant documentation, regional trip reports, work plans, conference reports, financial reporting, budgets, and monitoring reports. These and other peer-reviewed and grey literature documents in the public domain were reviewed. Particular attention was paid to the Verulam monitoring reports, including the annual country-level monitoring reports and the annual monitoring synthesis, as well as the Monitoring The Field reports, as these are ACCCRN’s primary source of objective progress information. 1.6 Report Following this Chapter 1 review of ACCCRN implementation, particularly since the Mid-Term Evaluation, Chapters 2 through 7 present the evaluation findings according to the main objective areas of the TORs: relevance and design, efficiency, effectiveness, influence, impact, and sustainability. Subsequently, the major findings and lessons and recommenda- tions of the evaluation are given in Chapters 8 and 9, respectively. * 28. ©GitikaSaksenaforRobinWyattVision * 29. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 7 general approach has also spread horizontally to other initiatives involving ACCCRN grantees, but not funded by the Rockefeller Foundation7 (Figure 1). 7 For example, the USAID-funded M-BRACE program that ISET is leading in Vietnam and Thailand. 2ACCCRN Implementation 2.1 Growth of ACCCRN ACCCRN activity commenced in 2008, working in 10 cities across four countries. It has since expanded into additional “replication cities,” with various grantees receiving ACCCRN funding. The 7 For example, the USAID-funded M-BRACE program that ISET is leading in Vietnam and Thailand. INDIA Leh Shimla Singla Barisal Mongla Jorhat Guwahati Makati City Core ACCCRN Cities ACCCRN Cities Mekong-Building Climate Resilant Asian Cites (A program supported by USAID with additional support from the Rockefeller Foundation) Core ACCCRN CitiesShillong Da Nang Lao Cai Hue Chang Rai Bashirhat Gorakhpur Saharsa INDONESIA VIETNAM PHILIPPINESTHAILAND BANGLADESH Hat Yai Bandar Lampung Semarang Udon Thani Phuket Quy Nhon Can Tho Surat Bhubaneswar Panaji Mysore Quezon City Palembang Cirebon Blitar Probolinggo Dumai Indore Chubaneswar FIGURE 1: Map of cities in Asia working with ACCCRN and related initiatives Source: www.acccrn.org. * 30. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE8 ACCCRN has operated through four distinct phases with some temporal overlap. The basic aspects of these phases are the following. • Phase 1: City scoping. Identification of suitable cities with which to work. Completed in late 2009. • Phase 2: City engagement. Engaging city stakeholders, forming UCCR working groups, undertaking iterative Shared Learning Dialogues (SLDs) with stakeholders, undertaking Vulnerability Assessments (VAs), producing City Resilience Strategies (CRSs).8 Completed in 2011. • Phase 3: Project implementation. Selection and implementation of resilience projects in cities. First funding round announced in March 2011. • Phase 4: Scaling-up, replication and networking. Concurrent with Phase 3, included scaling ACCCRN’s approach and concepts up and out to other cities and national levels, bringing in knowledge and learning partners, leveraging new funds for UCCR. Figure 3 depicts the main steps in Phases 2 and 3. Figure 4 shows a progressive schematic from Phase 2 to Phase 4. This illustrates the emphasis ACCCRN has placed on documenting and promoting the Phase 2 and 8 For further explanation of Phase 2 see the MTE, Rockefeller Foundation 2010, and Moench et al. 2011. 3 approaches, getting from initial engagement with a purposively formed UCCR working group, to production of a CRS, to implementation of resilience-building city projects. It shows the mainly case-study-based research on city projects and the communication of these as evidence of ACCCRN’s successes. 2.2 Grantees and grants ACCCRN has evolved a structured approach to its grantee architecture. Some grantees, notably Arup and ISET, have been associated with ACCCRN through all four phases with different grants delivering a range of different outputs. However, the grant landscape in ACCCRN has three main components. • Country coordinators. ISET in Vietnam, Mercy Corps in Indonesia, Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) in Thailand, with India being split between TARU Leading Edge Pvt. Ltd. which also coordinates the two cities Indore and Surat, and the Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group (GEAG) which coordinates Gorakhpur. Additionally, TARU and GEAG in India, and NISTPASS in Vietnam were early subgrantees. • International/regional partners with specific roles. APCO Worldwide Inc. (APCO) (communications); Arup (various roles, including FIGURE 2: Phasing in ACCCRN Phase 1 201020092008 2011 2012 2013 2014 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Source: Verulam Associates, 2014. * 31. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 9 management support to ACCCRN, technical support to some country coordinators, and networking and knowledge management); Verulam Associates (M&E); and ISET (technical support and documentation). • Phase 4 grantees. grantees focused on replication, networking and scaling-up, including: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) – replication cities; International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) – research and publication; International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) – training; and Intellicap – private sector. To date, ACCCRN has commissioned $59.3 million in 107 separate grants to 29 grantees.9 Table 3 below lists the 29 grantees, the number and value of their grants, and whether they were for regional or country 9 A full list of grants is given in Annex 3. purposes, or re-granting for city projects – of which there were 38 grants, valued at $15.99 million. An analysis of spending by outcome10 reveals that the greatest proportion of granting and grant value was allocated to Outcome 3 – which received 69 percent of grants related at least in part to Outcome 3, and 41.6 percent of grant value (Table 1). Granting has also been analyzed by city (Table 2). It is evident that cities in Vietnam and Indonesia have received more grants numerically, and a higher value of grants, than the cities in India and Thailand. The same applies to the countries as a whole (Figure 5). 10 All grants with a start year of or after 2010 are included in the analysis. Prior to 2010, grants were not parsed by outcome. Of the 89 post-2010 grants, 15 were excluded from the analysis due to of lack of information on outcome specificity. Thus, the analysis included 74 post-2010 grants, with a total value of $42.1 million. FIGURE 3: Process steps in ACCCRN Phases 2 and 3 FIGURE 4: Process steps in ACCCRN Phases 2 to 4 Form UCCR working group Form UCCR working group Vulnerability assessment Vulnerability assessment Shared learning dialogue Shared learning dialogue City resilience strategy City resilience strategy ACCCRN city projects ACCCRN city projects Process reflection: • Documentation • Communication • Networking Research: • Documentation • Communication Adaptation Replication Evidence for leverage Source: Verulam Associates, 2014. Source: Verulam Associates, 2014. * 32. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE10 TABLE 1: Breakdown of grants by outcome Outcome Number of grants by Outcome % of grants by Outcome* Total grant amount ($) allocated per Outcome % of the total value ($) by Outcome Outcome 1 44 59 $12,999,024 $30.88 Outcome 2 44 59 $7,447,212 $17.69 Outcome 3 51 69 $17,494,325 $41.56 Outcome 4 1 1 $329,992** $0.78 Source: Verulam Associates, 2014. * The sum is greater than 100% as most grants contributed to more than one outcome ** Only one post-2010 grant is allocated to Outcome 4: Arup grant 2010 CLI 310, for which 20% ($329,992) of the total grant amount ($1,649,960) was earmarked for Outcome 4. TABLE 2: Breakdown of grants by country and city Country Indonesia India Thailand Vietnam City Bandar Lampung Semarang Gorakhpur Indore Surat Chiang Rai Hat Yai Can Tho Da Nang Quy Nhon Total grant value ($) $1,252,369 $1,904,340 $782,016 $1,302,833 $813,792 $650,000 $597,950 $1,649,934 $1,849,236 $1,661,232 Total number of grants* 4 6 2 3.5 1.5 2 2 3.66 4.66 3.66 Source: Verulam Associates, 2014. * Some grants were split between two or more cities FIGURE 5: Breakdown of grants by country Indonesia India Thailand Vietnam Vietnam Thailand india Indonesia $3,156,709 $2,898,641$1,247,950 $5,160,402 Source: Verulam Associates, 2014. * 33. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 11 TABLE3:BreakdownofallACCCRNgrants,bygranteeandlevel ORGANIZATIONALLGRANTSREGIONALANDCOUNTRYGRANTS(R&C)CITYGRANTS No.Amount($) %ofNo.%of$value No.Amount($) %ofNo.%of$value No.Amount($) %ofNo. %of$ value ofallgrantsofgrantee’sgrantsofgrantee’sgrants APCOWorldwide Limited 2$1,450,0001.92.42$1,450,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 AshokaThailand1$200,0000.90.31$200,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 AsianDevelopment Bank(ADB) 1$5,000,0000.98.41$5,000,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 AsianDisaster PreparednessCentre (ADPC) 3$174,6552.80.33$174,655100.0100.00-0.00.0 Centrefor CommunityHealth andDevelopment 1$300,0000.90.51$300,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 ChallengetoChange2$401,9871.90.70-0.00.02$401,987100.0100.0 CitiesDevelopment InstituteofAsia 1$74,2330.90.11$74,233100.0100.00-0.00.0 Foundation- administered 1$54,0000.90.11$54,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 Gorakhpur Environmental ActionGroup (GEAG) 4$1,877,5863.73.24$616,42025.032.83$1,261,16675.067.2 IndianCouncil forResearchon International EconomicRelations (ICRIER) 2$550,0001.90.92$550,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 InstituteforSocial andEnvironmental Transition(ISET) 20$17,284,13118.729.17$10,464,29435.060.513$6,819,83765.039.5 Institutefor DevelopmentStudies (IDS) 1$134,8420.90.21$134,842100.0100.00-0.00.0 * 34. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE12 ORGANIZATIONALLGRANTSREGIONALANDCOUNTRYGRANTS(R&C)CITYGRANTS IntegratedResearch andActionfor Development(IRADe) 2$220,3001.90.42$220,300100.0100.00-0.00.0 Intellicap3$862,0752.81.53$862,075100.0100.00-0.00.0 IntellectualCapital AdvisoryServices PrivateLimited 1$29,5000.90.01$29,500100.0100.00-0.00.0 International CouncilforLocal Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI) 6$2,936,0505.64.96$2,936,050100.0100.00-0.00.0 International FederationofRed CrossandRed CrescentSocieties (IFRC) 1$1,000,0000.91.71$1,000,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 InternationalInstitute forEnvironmentand Development(IIED)* 6$4,251,1605.67.26$4,251,160100.0100.00-0.00.0 MercyCorps16$7,866,82115.013.37$4,460,11243.856.79$3,406,70956.343.3 NationalInstituteof UrbanAffairs(NIUA) 1$320,7000.90.51$320,700100.0100.00-0.00.0 OveArup&Partners InternationalLimited 6$4,586,2605.67.76$4,586,260100.0100.00-0.00.0 RosieSjögren2$176,0161.90.32$176,016100.0100.00-0.00.0 Societyfor ParticipatoryResearch inAsia(PRIA) 1$300,0000.90.51$300,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 TARULeadingEdge PrivateLimited 8$4,078,4067.56.92$1,300,42033.331.96$2,777,98675.068.1 ThailandEnvironment Institute(TEI) 9$3,074,9108.45.24$1,756,96044.457.15$1,317,95055.642.9 * 35. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 13 ORGANIZATIONALLGRANTSREGIONALANDCOUNTRYGRANTS(R&C)CITYGRANTS TheEnergyand ResourcesInstitute (TERI) 2$335,4001.90.62$335,400100.0100.00-0.00.0 UnitedNations EconomicandSocial Commissionfor AsiaandthePacific (ESCAP) 1$75,0000.90.11$75,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 VerulamAssociates2$1,550,0001.92.62$1,550,000100.0100.00-0.00.0 VietnamInstituteof Architecture,Urban andRuralPlanning (VIAP) 1$158,9460.90.31$158,946100.0100.00-0.00.0 Totals:107$59,322,978100.00100.0069$43,337,34364.573.138$15,985,63535.5N/A Averages:3.69$2,045,619 Source:VerulamAssociates,2014. * Forcontractingreasons,thegranttoICCCADinBangladeshhasbeenchannelledthroughIIED.Approximately$2millionoftheamountindicatedherehasbeenforIIED’spublicationsgranteerole,andtheremainderforICCCAD. * 36. ©LisaMurrayforRobinWyattVision * 37. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 15 3 Relevance and design In reviewing ACCCRN’s relevance, the mid-term evaluation concluded that ACCCRN was a relevant response to urban climate change, i.e. it focuses on rapidly urbanizing second-tier cities, it works through processes that involve subnational government and local stakeholders,11 it links to planning, and it has helped shape and promote the idea of UCCR. The summative evaluation has reached a similar assessment. In general, ACCCRN continues to be relevant. It is a well-conceived idea, which was timely and needed and, in particular, is highly relevant to Asian cities where the twin pressures of urbanization and climate are keenly felt. However, a more nuanced view emerges when unpacking the relevance question at different scales – internationally and in the countries and cities where it has worked – and to various stakeholders. TheTORsalsocalledforanassessmentoftherelevance of ACCCRN in the evolution of UCCR in Asia and the new work of the Foundation, including an assessment of the Foundation’s comparative advantage and value added in the UCCR field. Here, the evaluation addresses those questions and assesses the relevance of the design to the need and current thinking on the challenges of climate change and how ACCCRN relates to them. 11 Most international climate change frameworks mainly address national governments and “do not indicate a clear process by which local governments, stakeholders and actors may participate” (UN-HABITAT, 2011). 3.1 The relevance of ACCCRN Although, in an environmental context, the concept of resilience has been in use since the 1970s, the Foundation was an early entrant into the area of urban climate change and the development of the UCCR field. This raises the question of whether it has used this positioning effectively to shape the field and debates about UCCR. And if so, has it shaped them appropriately? This evaluation considers that the design of the ACCCRN approach to improving cities’ UCCR, which has evolved over the life of the Initiative, has been relevant. The basis for this finding comes from an examination of general approaches to this type of problem. Climate change is widely considered a “wicked” problem,12 meaning a problem that is difficult or impossible to fix, for reasons such as: incomplete or contradictory knowledge, the number of people and opinions involved, the large economic burden, and the interconnected nature of these problems with other problems (Kolko, 2012). Adding the urban dimension to climate change serves to increase the problem’s “wickedness.” Climate change has now been termed a “super-wicked problem,” since it is one of a new class of global environmental problems also characterized by: 12 See Annex 4 and APSC, 2007; Brown et al., 2010, and Davoudi et al., 2009, for a fuller explanation of the concept of a wicked problem. * 38. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE16 time running out for solutions, a weak or absent central authority, those who cause the problem also seeking to create a solution, and irrational discounting that pushes responses into the future (Levin et al., 2012). The emerging schools of thought about dealing with wicked problems emphasize that social learning offers particular strengths, especially in areas such as climate change, where a plurality of knowledge improves understanding of the issue and ways of addressing it (Collins and Ison, 2009; Hackman et al., 2014). In social learning, it is the process of “co-creation of knowledge, which provides insight into the causes of, and the means required to transform, a situation. Social learning is thus an integral part of the make-up of concerted action” (Ison and Collins, 2008). Climate change is also seen as a complex problem13 (Ramalingam, 2013). Understanding complexity requires experimentation. Experimentation is considered more successful than analysis in identifying the risks or accurately predicting solutions. Thus, solutions tend to be emergent, meaning they require developing approaches, experimenting, evaluating and repeating as necessary, and then amplifying the experiments that are shown to work. Experimentation is also now being seen more widely as an approach and a framing lens for urban climate change.14 Both social learning and complexity thinking apply to the ACCCRN/UCCR context. The ACCCRN design appropriately adopted a social learning approach through its Shared Learning Dialogue (SLD) process. 13 Complexity is increasingly being used as a lens to understand the real world, with a complex situation being one in which the relationship between cause and effect can only be perceived in retrospect, but not in advance (also see Annex 4, and Snowden and Boone, 2007). 14 Anguelovski, et al. 2014; Bulkeley and Castán Broto, 2013 and Castán Broto and Bulkeley, 2013. Bulkeley and Castán Broto state: “We suggest that such interventions might fruitfully be considered in terms of exper- iments, partly in order to signify their potential but more significantly to recognise their often tentative nature, the sense of testing or establish- ing (best) practice that frequently accompanies their development, and the ways in which they are used as a means of supporting or contesting knowledge claims and discursive positions. …Here, we do not use ex- periment in the formal scientific sense of the term but rather to signify purposive interventions in which there is a more or less explicit attempt to innovate, learn or gain experience.” However, while ACCCRN has actively taken different approaches in different contexts, it is less clear that these were specifically designed to be experimental approaches to a complex problem. Scope now exists to frame the various approaches taken by different grantee-city combinations as an experiment, and review the learning that has emerged. An experimentation approach is consistent with thinking about how innovation can be encouraged. Compared with most other funders, foundations have “extraordinary discretion to experiment and try new things” (Kasper and Marcoux, 2014). ACCCRN has been experimental, as it has moved ahead in fits and starts, with a strategy that was emergent. Grantees have been charged with finding new solutions. Emergent processes are more complicated to manage and take more time than linear processes that deliver blueprint strategies. The approach has been the right one, but it has taken time, more time than the Foundation is comfortable with in relation to its current generation of initiatives. 3.2 ACCCRN’s theory of change and design assumptions Theory of Change (TOC). ACCCRN was one of the first initiatives of The Rockefeller Foundation to take a results-basedapproachwithaninitialresultsframework developed early in process. This was reviewed and revised by the ACCCRN team with a related theory of change (TOC) facilitated by Verulam as the M&E granteein2010,andsubsequentlysharedwithgrantees and used as the basis for the regular monitoring (Verulam/Rockefeller ACCCRN Team, 2010). After the 2012 round of monitoring, the results framework was revised, and this revised version has been used subsequently (Verulam/ACCCRN, 2013). Following the MTE, outlines of both the results framework and TOC were included in the Initiative summary given to grantees along with their grant letters (The Rockefeller Foundation, n.d.). * 39. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 17 The TORs asked how, and in what ways, the TOC and assumptions of ACCCRN have informed the Initiative and reflected its learning. ACCCRN’s TOC for achieving impact is centered on three outcomes: • improved capacity within cities as the basis for implementation of plans and projects and for climate resilience • improved information flows among ACCCRN partners and between ACCCRN partners and external stakeholders (other cities, climate experts, donors, national governments, etc.) • the combination of robust plans/projects within cities and good communication to outside stakeholders to leverage additional funding and technical support for climate resilience work within existing cities, as well as for new cities in Asia. As a normative model, the theory of building capacity through learning-by-doing, sharing these experiences among the parties involved and others, and using these to leverage expansion makes sense. These have also been the three main outcome areas of the programme, so the TOC has strongly informed the practice and implementation. The evaluation found weaknesses in the TOC with respect to the formation of a strong “community” among ACCCRN members and the level of effort required to leverage uptake at national level. The translation of any TOC into practice is contingent on the extent to which the assumptions underlying the theory hold. The ACCCRN assumptions have held to a varied extent (Table 4). TABLE 4: Theory of change assumptions Choices of strategy and approaches Achievement of Outcomes Achievement of Impact • Working with city governments is a necessary but not sufficient condition to address UCCR needs and is necessary to ensure long- term financial and institutional action to build UCCR. • Examples and knowledge of what cities are doing are sufficient to increase the prioritization of UCCR issues within their planning/budget frameworks. • An iterative learning process improves the set of interventions to build resilience and achieve local ownership. • A multi-stakeholder process leads to co-generation of local knowledge. • We will need to work in a multiplicity of environments to generate models and learning. • Lessons learned are transferable across cities. • Pools of money to support replication from donor agencies will be available within the next 1–2 years, and we will be able to tap into this. • Resilience improvements are measurable and credible to other city governments and subject matter experts. • City governments will continue to push this agenda after direct Rockefeller Foundation support is withdrawn. • Those networking functions that prove of value will be financially supported beyond the current 3-year funding window, either from The Rockefeller Foundation, governments, or donors. • The Rockefeller Foundation has adequate staff to take on what may be an increasing workload in the coming 2–3 years. • Supporting development of practical models will do more to enhance resilience than allocating a similar sum of funds for research and analytics. • This is a young field, and the most effective strategy to achieve impact is through direct experimentation in resilience building. • Multi-stakeholder processes to develop local resilience plans and interventions will lead to greater local ownership, and thus more successful and sustainable resilience interventions • By working at the city level, you have more impact on the poor and vulnerable communities than by working exclusively with poor and vulnerable • Models of UCCR can be created, implemented and documented within the program’s time frame and within the budget. Source: Verulam Associates/ACCCRN, 2013. * 40. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE18 Strategy and approach assumptions. The evaluation concurswithallthestrategyandapproachassumptions, except: “Examples and knowledge of what cities are doing are sufficient to increase the prioritization of UCCR issues within their planning/budget frameworks.” We find that examples and knowledge are insufficient to drive planning and budgeting prioritization. In this area, ACCCRN has demonstrated a weak orientation towards the realities of national, subnational, and city governance. The political realities of decision-making and prioritization at these levels need more than pilots and evidence. While examples have been influential, they are not sufficient. Outcome assumptions. In relation to outcome assumptions, it has proven harder than assumed to leverage other donor funds for replicating the ACCCRN approach to UCCR and the assumption about “tapping into” has in part proven unfounded. The UCCR Partnership and Trust Fund with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Department for International Development (DFID) has proved slow and difficult to operationalize. While initiatives by other donors have drawn on ACCCRN, there has been little complementary direct financing at city level. The assumption that “Resilience improvements are measurable and credible to other city governments and subject matter experts” has not fully held. This is principally because ACCCRN has not developed an agreed approach to measuring resilience. Thus evidence for increasing resilience in cities is mainly anecdotal or at best partial. These stories of resilience (with some exceptions) have mainly been at the project level, but have nonetheless still been credible to other cities, as evidenced from the investment in expansion cites, which have drawn on ACCCRN examples. The assumption that: “Those networking functions that prove of value will be financially supported beyond the current three year funding window, either from RF, governments, or donors” also has not held. The networking functions have yet to demonstrate sufficient value that others wish to fund them. A final attempt at networking is underway, but with a four-year ACCCRN grant and a view from the Foundation that it is more important that this stimulates networking than focuses on creating a sustainable network. Impactassumptions.Inrelationtoimpactassumptions, it was assumed that: “Supporting development of practical models will do more to enhance resilience than allocating a similar sum of funds for research and analytic.” This has partially held. ACCCRN is widely credited with having developed ways to operationalize an approach to improve UCCR. However, there are some areas which could have been usefully developed alongside the practical models including UCCR indicatorsandmeasurementframeworks.Asisreflected in ACCCRN itself: “Climate change adaptation in cities requires strengthening urban governance, addressing the underlying drivers of vulnerability, and building on past approaches to develop resilience. Research helps with all of these” (IIED, 2014). Furthermore, since ACCCRN has not been fully run as an experiment, there is no “control city” to inform the argument that impact could have been increased by investing in research and analytics as opposed to projects on the ground. The evaluation concurs with the assumption that: “This is a young field, and the most effective strategy to achieve impact is through direct experimenta- tion in resilience building.” However, one of the conclusions of the evaluation is that ACCCRN has not been managed as an experiment. Grants and city projects have been commissioned in such a way as to promote experimentation, but this is not the same as an experiment, since the whole-of-program analysis, which would close the experimental loop and draw cross-sectional conclusions has not been conducted. This also relates to the final impact assumption: “Models of UCCR can be created and implemented ACCCRN has demonstrated a weak orientation towards the realities of national, subnational, and city governance. * 41. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 19 and documented within the program’s time frame and with the budget.” Models can be, and have been, implemented and documented, but individually. A comparative analysis is largely missing. However for the avoidance of doubt, it needs to be stated that while models have been implemented, this is not the same as cities having become resilient within the projects’ timeframe and budget. The assumption that “by working at the city level you can have more impact on the poor and vulnerable communities than by working exclusively with poor and vulnerable” is neither proven nor disproven. The literature contends that resilience does not automatically equate with poverty reduction (Béné et al., 2014). Indeed, if the distributional and social justice aspects of resilience are not considered, the reverse may hold, but there is not enough empirical evidence from ACCCRN either way in regard to this assumption. Some targeted city projects such as typhoon-resistant housing in Da Nang and ward-level interventions in Gorakhpur have benefitted the poor, but our assessment is that these are projects targeted at the poor and vulnerable, not “working at the city level,” though their selection did consider scalability as a criterion. In their selection and identification, most city-level projects did consider benefits to the poor and vulnerable as a “gateway criterion” (i.e. must-have), although the mechanism was not always a direct one. Finally, the core of this TOC is that impact (building UCCR) will be achieved through building capacity in cities and sharing knowledge on UCCR. The linear model fundamentally overlooks the governance and politics dimensions, both upwards towards the national tableau and downwards towards engagement with citizens. It is discussed further below. 3.3 Consideration of governance factors In examining the relevance of ACCCRN and considering governance factors, the various national contexts are worth touching. • India. In India, the 74th Constitutional Amendment aims at decentralized governance, and devolves urban governance to the state level, providing states with authority to selectively devolve powers to urban local bodies. While an increasing number of states have devolved powers to the city level, states such as Uttar Pradesh, in which Gorakhpur is located, have not. Most Indian cities are highly dependent upon states for financing, with very limited direct taxation and revenue sources available to cities. Requisite development plans made by cities are consolidated into district plans at state level to take into account issues of adjoining rural areas. Unless national and state policies make provision for specific local services and processes, it is challenging for those cities to allocate any significant funding to, for example, UCCR. • Indonesia. After years of highly centralized government, Indonesia launched a major initiative for local self-government in 2001, with substantial devolution of policy and budgets. City government has gradually developed in the intervening years, and further powers have been devolved. Planning, development and the related issue of climate mitigation and adaptation are among those policy areas where guidance from the center and implementation at city level are closely linked. This high level autonomy for local government focuses attention on cities themselves and less directly on local government associations which are organizationally weak, e.g. the Association of Indonesian Municipalities (APEKSI). However, such associations are key to city-level engagement. The role of the Government of Indonesia (GoI) with respect to climate change, as with other policies, is largely to provide guidance and advice, though there continues to be significant project investment from the center. The three relevant GoI bodies in this respect are the Ministry of Environment (MoE) which is responsible * 42. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE20 for formulating policies and coordination in the field of environment and control of environmental impacts, the Ministry of Public Works (MoPW) which is in charge of all GoI public works, and the National Development Planning Agency which is responsible for national planning and for advising on planning at subnational level. Climate change became a major feature of public policy in Indonesia when it hosted the 13th session of the Conference of the Parties (CoP 13) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2007. The focus of the CoP on deforestation was particularly pertinent for Indonesia and raised the profile of climate change moregenerally.TheNationalActionPlanonClimate Change (RAN-PI) was launched that year and the following year the President established the Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI) – National Council on Climate Change – within the President’s secretariat as a high-level focal point to coordinate the implementation of the climate change action plan and to strengthen Indonesia’s position in international forums on climate change control. • Thailand. Thailand’s institutional authority has a historical legacy of fragmentation through multiple agencies with autonomous, overlapping, or conflictual mandates. Tensions and contradictions, often highly politicized, also exist between central and local governing bodies. The structuring and financing of local government provides on-going challenges for mainstreaming and integration of UCCR concepts and practices. • Vietnam has strong top-down/centrally-led policy decision-making and regulation. All laws and almost all policies related to urban development or climate change come from central government level. Other than its five largest cities, which have a relatively high level of management autonomy, cities have limited power or autonomy in decision-making, particularly those related to city development strategy and policies. • The government of Vietnam views climate change as a very high priority in its policy agenda and has put a comprehensive policy response in place. The current five-year Social-Economic Development Plan (2011–2015) recognizes climate change as a significant threat to development and reaffirms commitments on climate change response (CCR) policies. The key strategies/action plans include: the 2007 National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response and Mitigation; the 2011 NationalClimateChangeStrategy;the2012National ActionPlantoRespondtoClimateChange;the2013 Vietnam Green Growth Strategy; the 2013 Party’s Resolution No.24-NQ/TW on “active in response to climate change, improvement of natural resource management and environmental protection;” and the 2014 National Action Plan on Green Growth. Action plans on CCR are formulated at all levels (government, line ministries and provinces/cities). The National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) chaired by the Prime Minister was established in 2012 and a Standing Office for NCCC was set in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) to support the NCCC works relating to climate change policy response. This sets out a set of very different contexts with varied policy and fiscal restraints on cities in respect of climate change. Now, some six years into ACCCRN, it is evident that the type of UCCR approach has differed in the countries in relation to the context, including some aspects of governance. For example, in Thailand, flexibility of the ACCCRN process has enabled the Thailand Environmental Institute (TEI) to try a number of approaches in working with the cities and to engage broader provincial and national decision-makers. The challenging political context in Thailand limited results from the initial approach that TEI took. Therefore, TEI adopted a strategy of longer-term awareness and knowledge building to increase appreciation of the relevance of UCCR perspectives within the politically strained context. This has resulted in a learning approach that * 43. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 21 has featured a range of workshops and exchanges between and within cities and with mixtures of stakeholders, including municipality officials (including mayors), government agencies and departments, NGOs, academics and researchers, businesses and the private sector. Governance is directly relevant to UCCR. A study conducted for ACCCRN identifies five ways in which good governance can affect cities’ ability to build resilience (Tanner et al., 2009). These are: • decentralization and autonomy – cities with some degree of local-level decision-making authority combined with good working relationships with national and state or provincial governments are able to implement policies and programmes more effectively and efficiently than cities where deci- sion-making is centralized with higher levels of government • accountability and transparency – a transparent, open planning system not only engages important stakeholders, it also educates them about the trade-offs that will be part of any climate planning process • responsiveness and flexibility – cities require flexible agencies and management systems suited to responding to and anticipating what may result from climate change • participation and inclusion – as climate change tends to disproportionately affect the poorest and most vulnerable groups first and most severely, engaging these groups in planning and decision- making is critical for building climate resilience • experience and support – cities experienced in developing integrated, people-centered early warning systems for extreme events are well placed to make progress toward climate change resilience, and also benefit from the experience of local, national and international civil society organizations and research organizations. As identified in the MTE, some aspects of these were better addressed in ACCCRN’s conceptualization than others. In general, governance factors were not well considered in the selection of the original 10 cities. Furthermore, there was not sufficient attention paid to the national-level governance and policy context at that time. National policy was not prioritized. The ACCCRN theory of change emphasized building a body of credible practice from the demonstration of projects in cities as a driver for UCCR. It was assumed that this evidence would be sufficient for decision makers to take notice and then act. This is a linear, techno-rational model that does not take account of the wider governance context and the complexity of planning processes. There is a contrast between the “swamp of real life issues,” in which social learning approaches can help, and a “high ground of techno- rational approaches” (Schön, 1983). This contrast is still relevant to addressing urban climate change. Although not stated in the TOC, it would appear that an implicit and, ultimately, unreliable assumption at the heart of ACCCRN was that national policy and urban governance are rational processes informed by and responsive to emerging scientific and other academic evidence. As evident from the previous bullet points, cities vary widely in the way they are run. Governance differs according to the extent of political power decentralized to the city, balance of political power within the city (strong mayors, executive teams and large councils making all decisions), role and level of independence of the senior administrative team, levels of fiscal decen- tralization and financial autonomy, and the models and approaches to planning and service delivery. South Asian countries have centrally accountable senior bureaucrats who wield more control over planning and finance than the elected city politicians. Southeast Asian countries, generally, have strong mayor models with various degrees of decentralization … political economy analysis was not routinely applied in developing the initiative, and this was a deficit. * 44. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE22 from national government in practice. Vietnamese cities often have little decentralized power, which is mediated by strong community-level political party structures. However larger, economically strong cities do have more de facto room for maneuver. Therefore, to be effective, a sound appreciation of context and drivers is needed. Key among these is an understanding of the particular political economy15 of any given city – the formal and informal powers and institutions that define how cities really tick. Overall, political economy analysis was lacking in ACCCRN. Over time, the approaches, such as the Climate Change Coordination Offices (CCCOs) in Vietnam, have adapted to the political economy context, but political economy analysis was not routinely applied in developing the Initiative, and this was a deficit. The ACCCRN process has been very important in allowing stakeholders to feel their way through uncharted territories – and a good amount of time has been provided for this to unfold and enable wider ownership and adoption. However, it is now evident that the limited or lack of early engagement by key ACCCRN actors with strategically important senior people within city government to get their buy-in to the process of developing city resilience strategies was an error. As a consequence, the initial process of developing CRSs has concluded without cities officially adopting or incorporating the strategies into their operations and budget processes. However, many cities have now dedicated some budget to climate change areas. ACCCRN has been variable in understanding and responding to the important political drivers of city decision-making. Some of this variability related to the orientation and abilities of country partner staff working in cities, but ACCCRN has not explicitly 15 Political economy analysis aims to situate development interventions within an understanding of the prevailing political and economic pro- cesses in society – specifically, the incentives, relationships, distribution, and contestation of power between different groups and individuals, all of which greatly impact on development outcomes. Such an analysis can support more effective and politically feasible donor strategies, as well as more realistic expectations of what can be achieved, over what timescales, and the risks involved. See McLoughlin, 2009. “done governance.” There has been an underlying expectation that city governments would change how they did things, based upon the emergence of rational, technical information. While ways of working with cities, and increasingly on national stages in Indonesia and Vietnam, have been developed, there remain sustainability questions relating to the levels of embeddedness in formal governance processes. The Kennedy School of Government has developed a critique of why government reform fails (Andrews et al., 2012), and UCCR is, in part, reform of the way city government works to address climate change (the assessment above partly hinges on ACCCRN using a reform lens). The key is that organizations pretend to reform by changing what policies and organizational structures look like, as a camouflage in the absence of real change in the way they operate. The danger is that “capabilitytraps”persistwheremimicry(ofstructureand form) is rewarded over function. To overcome this, they have developed an approach called problem-driven iterative adaptation (PDIA). This is based on principles including “allowing the local selection and articulation of concrete problems to be solved” – not being driven by external experts, encouraging experimentation and positive deviance, “promoting active experiential (and experimental) learning with evidence-driven feedback built into regular management and project decision making,” and encouraging scaling by diffusion rather than top-down. Interestingly, it would appear that the ACCCRN design is largely in line with this thinking, and thus seen as a relevant design: • the UCCR working groups are not uniform; they have been created to function in the local context • the SLDs helped articulate local problems • experimentation has been encouraged.16 The key, therefore, is the extent to which the SLD-CRS processes have been mainstreamed into government. 16 Whether experimentation is a feature of ACCCRN implementation is discussed in Chapter 4: Effectiveness. Where there could be increased attention is the use of more evidence-based feedback loops to drive decision-making and further cycles of experimentation. * 45. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE 23 This varies across cities and countries. The SLD-CRS processcanbeseenintwoparts:SLDsrelatetoawareness, coalitions, and the “softer” conditions to pursue UCCR, while CRSs relate to the formal codification of these efforts. Evidence from across the ten cities indicates that some have become aware of, but not adopted, the formal documents, others the reverse, and some – both. Vietnam’s socio-economic, institutional and governance factors have been better taken into account, as seen in contextually relevant institutional architecture and alignment with (and shaping of) national policy. The models of CCCOs in the three Vietnamese ACCCRN cities have been established differently, depending on their institutional and political context, e.g. the selection of ACCCRN local partners: City People’s Committee in Can Tho, the City Office in Da Nang, and the provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) in Binh Dinh/Quy Nonh. Of these, DONRE is considered the most sustainable one, as it sits directly under the People’s Committee authority. In Indonesia, Mercy Corps’ understanding of the institutional context helped gain traction, which has beenstrengthenedthroughitsrelationshipwithAPEKSI. There is also evidence that wider issues of urban policy and planning – including relevant stakeholders – were used as an entry point for Semarang’s and Bandar Lampung’s CRSs. In India, the desire for policy change was there, but there was no strategy or activity towards this end. The evaluation heard that ACCCRN could have done more if it had undertaken robust political economy analyses in the cities. InThailand,currentgovernancesystemsandstructures do not lend themselves to incorporating the complex multi-dimensional conceptions of UCCR. However, TEI has evolved with its city partners’ strategic approaches that engage with socio-economic and governance matters associated with promoting climate change resilient cities. TEI has adopted a more overt resilient city engagement approach (as opposed to a primary climate change entry point) with the M-BRACE cities of Udon Thani and Phuket. 3.4 Consideration of socio-economic factors As noted, resilience does not automatically equate with poverty reduction (Béné et al., 2014) and, indeed, if the distributional and social justice aspects of resilience are not considered, the reverse may hold (Slater, 2014). Care needs to be taken that the notion of resilience as an immutable natural characteristic does not subsume other critical social objectives in addressing climate change (Friend and Moench, 2013). Thus, “resilience isn’t just about hard infrastructure and building codes— it has a strong social and community component as well” (Rodin, 2014a). Discussions with NGOs in India highlighted a growing trend in which city authorities are using regulations for slum clearance and shifting poor people outside of city boundaries, relinquishing responsibility for upgrading. Research by TERI on ACCCRN processes (Sharma et al., 2013; 2014) noted that the relevant authorities in Indore, Guwahati, Bhubaneswar, and Shimla considered theinvolvementofurbanpoorandcommunitygroupsin the ACCCRN processes to be impractical, as the issues under consideration were too technical. Engagement with community representatives was limited “to the initial stages when seeking inputs on identifying the primary risks and to an extent during implementation of the pilot projects in the core cities” (Sharma, 2014). Within socio-economics, the specific area of gender equality should be addressed. The evidence is that women are particularly vulnerable to the risks associated with urban poverty (ADB, 2013), and it is commonly these more vulnerable sectors of society that are most adversely affected by climate change. This is an important area for the Foundation, which states on its website: “We believe gender equality and women’s leadership are key to realizing our dual visions Nonetheless, ACCCRN appears largely “gender-blind.” * 46. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ACCCRN INITIATIVE24 of achieving more equitable growth and strengthening resilience against the shocks and disruptions of our world.” Nonetheless, ACCCRN appears largely “gender- blind”. With few exceptions (e.g. women’s housing, Vietnam), citizens have not been viewed through a gender lens and, thus, little has been done to address women’s and girls’ particular vulnerabilities, to mobilize them for the UCCR response, or to use building UCCR as a socially transformative response. This situation is disappointing, but not unusual. Women are not normally perceived as part of the solution. Climate policies frequently treat women only as “vulnerable beneficiaries rather than as rights-holding citizens who need to be recognised for the agency, skills and experience they can contribute” (Skinner, 2011). They misstheopportunityofusingclimatechangeresponses to improve social justice, and playing transformative roles by challenging existing gender disparities. Inhalt melden Herunterladen 1 GEFÄLLT MIR Mehr anzeigen AUFRUFE Aufrufe insgesamt2.811 Auf Slideshare0 Aus Einbettungen0 Anzahl der Einbettungen0 DIESER GESPEICHERTE EINTRAG IST AUCH IN EINER LISTE. 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