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LAW COULD BE HINDERING VETERAN GUN OWNERS FROM ACCESSING CANNABIS (Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette A PA. LAW COULD BE HINDERING VETERAN GUN OWNERS FROM ACCESSING CANNABIS The law requires medical card holders to give up their guns. Many aren't. Laura Esposito and Hanna Webster Pittsburgh Post-Gazette May 6, 2024 8:36 AM James Irey had to choose between chronic pain or losing his constitutional rights. While serving in the Army as an indirect fire infantryman, the 46-year-old Bloomsburg resident in Columbia County suffered a host of injuries including broken bones, torn ligaments and damage to his neck while on deployment in Kosovo. Mr. Irey was honorably discharged after nine years in the Army, leaving the service with numerous honors and awards — and pain so severe that he was deemed 100% disabled by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Advertisement Mr. Irey knew the risks of serving his country. But after he sought treatment for his pain and doctors referred him to Pennsylvania’s Medical Marijuana Program, something happened he didn’t expect. He could obtain medical cannabis, but only if he gave up his personal firearms and ammunition. He decided to keep his guns. Hanna Webster Planned reclassification of cannabis to a lower-risk substance underscores it 'has medicinal value' In addition to the federal Gun Control Act that describes those who use medical marijuana as “unlawful users” of a controlled substance, a Pennsylvania law called the Uniform Firearms Act says medical marijuana cardholders cannot own a gun, despite the drug being legal in the state for medical purposes since 2016. Mr. Irey recently joined a lawsuit filed in January by the Second Amendment Foundation, a gun rights advocacy group, and Warren County District Attorney Rob Greene. They are suing the U.S. government, Attorney General Merrick Garland and the directors of the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives over the federal law. “[These veterans must] give up their ability to possess firearms and ammunition and to defend themselves, families and homes to use a medicine a doctor has recommended to them,” said Adam Kraut, the attorney representing Mr. Irey and Mr. Greene. Mr. Kraut also is executive director of the Second Amendment Foundation. Advertisement Vets are both more likely to own a firearm and to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder, according to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and the National Center for PTSD, respectively. Studies show that, in some cases, PTSD can be effectively treated with cannabis. But throughout the commonwealth, vets like Mr. Irey must choose whether to seek treatment and give up their firearms or break the law. And if they choose neither, the consequences could be fatal. More than a quarter of veterans who died by suicide in 2020 had PTSD, according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Court documents in their lawsuit describe Mr. Irey as a “law-abiding, responsible, peaceable citizen” who wishes to use marijuana as recommended without forfeiting his “fundamental right to keep and bear arms.” To keep their rights, some veterans are compelled to seek treatment for PTSD through illegal avenues. Hanna Webster Federal proposal to reclassify pot an 'important step,' Shapiro administration says Firearms worked on in the gunsmith shop at Allegheny Arms in Bethel Park on Wednesday, April 10, 2024. (Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette) “UNLAWFUL USERS” The Post-Gazette spoke with two veterans from Allegheny County who have illegally purchased cannabis to treat symptoms of PTSD without surrendering their firearms and ammunition. Their names are being withheld due to their fear of arrest or losing their jobs. G, a five-year Marine with three combat deployments, works in security and carries a gun every day “for work and personal life.” He said he was prescribed “a cocktail of drugs” from the VA when he first returned home. “I said, ‘No, I’m not taking any of that,’” G said in a recent interview. By some estimates, one in eight vets self-medicates with cannabis, and many voice their preference for cannabis over traditional psychiatric medications. G said other combat vets struggling with PTSD told him that none of the medications they were prescribed to help with their symptoms worked. But cannabis did. “So I started ordering edibles,” he said. It worked. A, a Marine Corps veteran who also struggles with symptoms of PTSD and said he carries a gun every day, agreed. “[The VA] gives you all these pills, but marijuana ends up being what fixes things,” he said. Veterans Affairs spokesman Terrence Hayes said the agency offers “individualized PTSD treatment options tailored to each veteran.” “[The] VA offers a number of PTSD treatments and other services to support veterans who have experienced trauma or are experiencing symptoms of PTSD,” he said. “We continue to follow clinical guidelines to ensure that all veterans, particularly those with mental health conditions or PTSD, have access to treatments that are known to be effective.” Because cannabis remains a Schedule I drug, according to the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, VA health care providers are barred from recommending it or helping veterans to obtain it. Under Schedule I, cannabis is in the same category as heroin and LSD, and is considered to have a high potential for abuse and no benefit. That classification was recently challenged by a federal recommendation to reschedule the drug to less restrictive Schedule III, acknowledging it holds some medical benefit. Even if the Pennsylvania firearm law changed, cannabis would remain illegal in the eyes of the federal government. How does cannabis help with PTSD? Traditional PTSD remedies don’t help everyone: Studies show one in five individuals drops out before completing treatment. The few studies that have been conducted on cannabis and post-traumatic stress disorder show it can reduce nightmares and hyperarousal — the feeling of being on edge, irritated or paranoid — and substantially calm people down. “All the data comes together to suggest that veterans with PTSD find benefit with using cannabis and that it helps reduce certain symptoms of PTSD,” said Marcel Bonn-Miller, chief scientific officer of the trade company Charlotte’s Web, which sells cannabis products. He spent nine years at the VA, and is a leading expert on post-traumatic stress disorder and cannabis. “It’s THC that seems to be helpful for reducing symptoms of PTSD,” he said, referencing the main intoxicating compound in cannabis. “And it’s normalizing the lives of veterans. It’s doing the opposite of harm; it’s actually helping them become more normal, active participants in society.” More research is warranted, specifically clinical trials with human participants, to determine exactly how cannabis works to help people with PTSD, but a few working theories exist. One is that people with PTSD struggle with an imbalance of their endocannabinoid system — a network of receptors that regulate sleep, appetite and mood. Chemicals in the cannabis plant activate this brain system, which is why people can get “the munchies” and feel sleepier and calmer after using cannabis. Scientists think the brains of people with post-traumatic stress disorder are altered after using cannabis, such that THC brings them back to baseline. SAFETY AND FIREARMS There are myriad reasons why gun owners may not want to give up their weapons in order to get a medical marijuana card. Mr. Irey and his co-plaintiffs cited self-defense and to “protect the hearth and home,” according to court documents. Veterans who own firearms might associate guns with symbols of self-agency and protection. And if they have PTSD, they could be dealing with hyperarousal and paranoia, making them reluctant to surrender those weapons, said Michael Anestis, executive director of the New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center at Rutgers University, a licensed psychologist and associate professor. “In their mind, the world is dangerous,” he said. “You’re telling the veteran to take a tool that they see as primarily for self-protection and to make it harder to access in a moment of threat.” But for many former service members, G said, guns also help them to regain a sense of normalcy after life in an active combat zone. When G returned from deployment for the third and final time, he struggled to adjust to civilian life. “They tell you, ‘You’re going to combat, you’re going to kill,’” he said. “And then once you get home, you need to stop doing all of this.” Only when G started going to a shooting range with a close friend from a deployment in the Army did life start to make sense for him again. “You seek something when you get out [of deployment],” he said. “And [shooting] made us comfortable doing that activity again.” Some veterans also feel distrust toward the government, particularly those who struggle with PTSD, said Richard Hamp, special assistant to the deputy adjutant general of veteran affairs in Pennsylvania. “A lot of them are Vietnam-era veterans who were treated very badly by this nation when they came home,” he said. “They harbor feelings that they were lied to.” For veterans like A and G, some feelings of distrust stem from having to break the law in order to obtain effective treatment for their pain. The maximum penalty for illegally using marijuana while owning a gun is 10 years in prison and $250,000 in fines, Mr. Kraut said. Pennsylvania State Sen. Daniel Laughlin, R-Erie, said many veterans have told him that they’re using the drug illegally as treatment. “I’ve had veterans who said they were hardcore alcoholics because of their stress and PTSD, and when they got on medical cannabis, they quit drinking, it saved their marriage and saved their relationship with their children,” he said. “They shouldn’t have to feel like they’re a criminal — they served our country and have issues from doing that.” Stigma surrounding transparent mental health conversations may be another key hindrance to vets getting help — and experts have found that having guns around can sometimes exacerbate risk. “Among service members, the ones who have hidden their suicidal thoughts and avoided mental health care, despite being suicidal, are the ones most likely store guns loaded and unlocked,” said Mr. Anestis, the Rutgers associate professor. “The folks who are actively hiding from this system are the ones who could most quickly reach out and grab a loaded weapon and kill themselves.” WHAT’S NEXT? In February, Mr. Laughlin introduced Senate Bill 1146, which would amend the Uniform Firearms Act to conform with legalization of medical marijuana in Pennsylvania. If passed, this legislation will no longer label a valid medical marijuana cardholder as an unlawful user. He called the current law and its minimal enforcement “a gray zone, a don’t ask, don’t tell situation.” As the federal law still stands, Mr. Laughlin’s bill wouldn’t be an end-all answer, but he hopes that amending the issue in Pennsylvania will speed up the process across the country. Many don’t see the point of either law in the first place. Mr. Bonn-Miller, the cannabis and PTSD researcher, says he believes the laws are based on antiquated “Reefer Madness” attitudes about cannabis and its risks. Ryan Vandrey, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and a researcher in the school’s Cannabis Science Lab, agreed and said he’s unaware of any evidence that using cannabis uniquely puts individuals at risk of firearm harm. He also pointed out that research on illicit cannabis has shown the presence of harmful contaminants, including heavy metals and pesticides. Not allowing access to regulated medical cannabis may be “putting these folks at undue risk,” he said. If medical marijuana was accessible and no longer barred him from owning a firearm, G said he would stop self-medicating and enroll in the state’s program. “If you’re getting medical marijuana, there is no chance of buying something that’s laced,” he said. The sole challenge to that federal law is in federal court. The Second Amendment Foundation, Mr. Greene and Mr. Irey filed for a preliminary injunction in March that would, if granted, allow them and all members of the foundation to obtain a medical marijuana card while owning firearms. Mr. Kraut said a hearing could be held this month. Until then, Mr. Irey remains in pain, but he keeps his firearm, his rights, and his protection. Laura Esposito: lesposito@post-gazette.com; Hanna Webster: hwebster@post-gazette.com. First Published May 4, 2024, 11:30pm RELATED HIDE COMMENTS SHOW COMMENTS (40) LOADING COMMENTS Join the Conversation Commenting policy | How to Report Abuse If you would like your comment to be considered for a published letter to the editor, please send it to letters@post-gazette.com. Letters must be under 250 words and may be edited for length and clarity. Must Read news Unreported FBI crime stats in Pittsburgh and Pa. raise questions about police transparency business Abandoned oil and gas wells are everywhere in Pa. 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((Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette)) A group of gun owners including some veterans (who wish to remain anonymous) meet at Allegheny Arms in Bethel Park on Wednesday, April 10, 2024 to have a round table discussion about using medical cannabis to treat their PTSD and state requirements that prohibit them from owning firearms. (Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette) Firearms worked on in the gunsmith shop at Allegheny Arms in Bethel Park on Wednesday, April 10, 2024. ((Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette)) Firearms worked on in the gunsmith shop at Allegheny Arms in Bethel Park on Wednesday, April 10, 2024. ((Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette)) Firearms worked on in the gunsmith shop at Allegheny Arms in Bethel Park on Wednesday, April 10, 2024. ((Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette)) (Tim Robbibaro/For the Post-Gazette Advertisement LATEST news Hamas accepts a Gaza cease-fire proposal, but Israel hasn't commented Abandoned oil and gas wells are everywhere in Pennsylvania. An influx of funding gives the DEP new urgency. Trump fined $1,000 for gag order violation in hush money case as judge warns of possible jail time FAA opens new probe into Boeing involving 787 Dreamliner inspections How Pittsburgh-area principals greet students every morning to welcome them to school Advertisement Create a free PG account. Register - FREE Already have an account? Login Subscribe to the PG. Subscribe Customize your free Newsletter Preferences Email Preferences * Archives * Advertising * Email Newsletter * Products & Services * Contact Us * Subscribe * Subscriber Services * PGe * RSS Feeds * Corrections * Help * Terms of Use * Privacy Policy * About Us Copyright © 1997-2024 PG Publishing Co. All rights reserved TOP Email a Story Your e-mail: Friends e-mail: Submit search by queryly Advanced Search Your e-mail: Friends e-mail: Submit