www.searchenginejournal.com Open in urlscan Pro
136.243.171.217  Public Scan

URL: https://www.searchenginejournal.com/website-accessibility-compliance/374878/
Submission: On March 06 via manual from US — Scanned from DE

Form analysis 4 forms found in the DOM

/

<form role="search" data-form-name="Top Search" class="sej-srch-form nosubform" action="/">
  <div class="sej-srch-field">
    <a title="Click to Search" href="#search" aria-label="Search" class="sej-srch-ic-hide srch-hide_js">
                                <span style="width:17px; flex:0 0 17px; height:17px;" class="svg-icon">
                <svg width="17" height="17" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512">
                    
                <g>
        <path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path>
    </g></svg>
            </span>
    
                    </a>
    <div class="sej-srch-box">
      <input id="srch_change_js" minlength="1" required="true" aria-label="Search..." placeholder="What can we help you find today?" type="text" name="s" autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" class="sbox form-control sinput ig_auto">
    </div>
    <button aria-label="Search" data-label="Nav" type="submit" class="sej-srch-btn site-search">
      <span style="width:17px; flex:0 0 17px; height:17px;" class="svg-icon">
        <svg width="17" height="17" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512">
          <g>
            <path fill="currentColor"
              d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z">
            </path>
          </g>
        </svg>
      </span>
    </button>
  </div>
</form>

POST https://www.searchenginejournal.com/wp-json/ws-form/v1/submit

<form action="https://www.searchenginejournal.com/wp-json/ws-form/v1/submit" class="wsf-form wsf-form-canvas ebook_chapter_form" id="ws-form-1" data-id="16" data-instance-id="1" method="POST" novalidate="" data-wsf-rendered="">
  <div class="wsf-grid wsf-sections" id="wsf-1-sections-32" data-id="32">
    <fieldset class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-section" id="wsf-1-section-88" data-id="88">
      <div class="wsf-grid wsf-fields" id="wsf-1-fields-88" data-id="88">
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-medium-6 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-173" data-id="173" data-type="text"><label id="wsf-1-label-173" for="wsf-1-field-173" class="wsf-label">First Name<span
              class="wsf-required-wrapper"> <strong class="wsf-text-danger">*</strong></span></label><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-173" name="field_173" value="" required="" data-required="" aria-required="true" class="wsf-field"
            aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-173" data-init-required="" aria-invalid="true" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-173" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid first name.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-medium-6 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-175" data-id="175" data-type="email"><label id="wsf-1-label-175" for="wsf-1-field-175" class="wsf-label">Email<span class="wsf-required-wrapper">
              <strong class="wsf-text-danger">*</strong></span></label><input type="email" id="wsf-1-field-175" name="field_175" value="" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$" required="" data-required="" aria-required="true"
            autocomplete="on" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-175" data-init-required="" aria-invalid="true" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-175" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid email.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-medium-6 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-176" data-id="176" data-type="select"><label id="wsf-1-label-176" for="wsf-1-field-176" class="wsf-label">Job Title<span
              class="wsf-required-wrapper"> <strong class="wsf-text-danger">*</strong></span></label><select id="wsf-1-field-176" name="field_176[]" required="" data-required="" aria-required="true" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-176"
            data-init-required="" aria-invalid="true" data-init-validate-real-time="">
            <option data-id="0" value="" data-placeholder="">---</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-1" data-id="1" value="Agency Account Coordinator/Executive">Agency Account Coordinator/Executive</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-2" data-id="2" value="Agency Manager/Director">Agency Manager/Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-3" data-id="3" value="Agency Owner/Partner">Agency Owner/Partner</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-4" data-id="4" value="Analytics Manager/Professional">Analytics Manager/Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-5" data-id="5" value="Brand Manager/Director">Brand Manager/Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-6" data-id="6" value="Brand Professional">Brand Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-7" data-id="7" value="Content Coordinator">Content Coordinator</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-8" data-id="8" value="Content Manager/Director">Content Manager/Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-9" data-id="9" value="Demand Gen/Lead Gen Professional">Demand Gen/Lead Gen Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-10" data-id="10" value="Digital Marketing Director">Digital Marketing Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-11" data-id="11" value="Digital Marketing Manager">Digital Marketing Manager</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-12" data-id="12" value="Digital Marketing Professional">Digital Marketing Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-13" data-id="13" value="Ecommerce Strategist">Ecommerce Strategist</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-14" data-id="14" value="IT Manager/Director">IT Manager/Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-15" data-id="15" value="IT Professional">IT Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-16" data-id="16" value="Marketing Manager">Marketing Manager</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-17" data-id="17" value="Marketing Director / CMO / VP">Marketing Director / CMO / VP</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-18" data-id="18" value="Marketing Professional">Marketing Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-19" data-id="19" value="Media Buyer">Media Buyer</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-20" data-id="20" value="Paid Search Manager/Director">Paid Search Manager/Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-21" data-id="21" value="Paid Search Professional">Paid Search Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-22" data-id="22" value="Paid Social Strategist">Paid Social Strategist</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-23" data-id="23" value="Sales Executive/Manager/Director">Sales Executive/Manager/Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-24" data-id="24" value="SEO Director">SEO Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-25" data-id="25" value="SEO Manager">SEO Manager</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-26" data-id="26" value="SEO Professional">SEO Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-27" data-id="27" value="Social Media Manager/Director">Social Media Manager/Director</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-28" data-id="28" value="Social Media Professional">Social Media Professional</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-29" data-id="29" value="UX/Designer/Developer">UX/Designer/Developer</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-30" data-id="30" value="Web Developer">Web Developer</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-176-row-31" data-id="31" value="Other">Other</option>
          </select>
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-176" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please select a valid job title.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-medium-6 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-406" data-id="406" data-type="select"><label id="wsf-1-label-406" for="wsf-1-field-406" class="wsf-label">Company Industry<span
              class="wsf-required-wrapper"> <strong class="wsf-text-danger">*</strong></span></label><select id="wsf-1-field-406" name="field_406[]" required="" data-required="" aria-required="true" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-406"
            data-init-required="" aria-invalid="true" data-init-validate-real-time="">
            <option data-id="0" value="" data-placeholder="">---</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-1" data-id="1" value="Agency (Marketing &amp; Advertising)">Agency (Marketing &amp; Advertising)</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-2" data-id="2" value="Automotive">Automotive</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-3" data-id="3" value="Construction">Construction</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-4" data-id="4" value="Consumer Electronics">Consumer Electronics</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-5" data-id="5" value="Consumer Goods &amp; Services">Consumer Goods &amp; Services</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-6" data-id="6" value="Education &amp; Training">Education &amp; Training</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-7" data-id="7" value="Entertainment">Entertainment</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-8" data-id="8" value="Financial Services">Financial Services</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-9" data-id="9" value="Health, Wellness, &amp; Fitness">Health, Wellness, &amp; Fitness</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-10" data-id="10" value="Hospital &amp; Healthcare">Hospital &amp; Healthcare</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-11" data-id="11" value="Household Services">Household Services</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-12" data-id="12" value="Internet Software &amp; Services">Internet Software &amp; Services</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-13" data-id="13" value="Legal">Legal</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-14" data-id="14" value="Logistics &amp; Fulfillment Services">Logistics &amp; Fulfillment Services</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-15" data-id="15" value="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-16" data-id="16" value="Marketing Software Provider">Marketing Software Provider</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-17" data-id="17" value="Media &amp; Publishing">Media &amp; Publishing</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-18" data-id="18" value="Professional Services">Professional Services</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-19" data-id="19" value="Real Estate">Real Estate</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-20" data-id="20" value="Restaurants">Restaurants</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-21" data-id="21" value="Retail &amp; Ecommerce">Retail &amp; Ecommerce</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-22" data-id="22" value="Technology">Technology</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-23" data-id="23" value="Transportation">Transportation</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-24" data-id="24" value="Travel &amp; Hospitality">Travel &amp; Hospitality</option>
            <option id="wsf-1-field-406-row-25" data-id="25" value="Other">Other</option>
          </select>
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-406" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please select a valid company industry.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-177" data-id="177" data-type="texteditor">
          <div data-text-editor="" data-static="" data-name="field_177">
            <p><strong>Topic(s) of Interest*</strong></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper sej-check-mob" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-178" data-id="178" data-type="checkbox" data-checkbox-min="1" data-checkbox-min-max-init="">
          <div>
            <div class="wsf-inline"><input type="checkbox" id="wsf-1-field-178-row-1" name="field_178[]" value="89cd1ae729" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-178-row-1" data-init-validate-real-time=""><label id="wsf-1-label-178-row-1"
                for="wsf-1-field-178-row-1" class="wsf-label">SEO</label>
              <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-178-row-1" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">This checkbox is required.</div>
            </div>
            <div class="wsf-inline"><input type="checkbox" id="wsf-1-field-178-row-2" name="field_178[]" value="78bfaf3e9b" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-178-row-2" data-init-validate-real-time=""><label id="wsf-1-label-178-row-2"
                for="wsf-1-field-178-row-2" class="wsf-label">PPC</label>
              <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-178-row-2" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">This checkbox is required.</div>
            </div>
            <div class="wsf-inline"><input type="checkbox" id="wsf-1-field-178-row-3" name="field_178[]" value="a033893783" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-178-row-3" data-init-validate-real-time=""><label id="wsf-1-label-178-row-3"
                for="wsf-1-field-178-row-3" class="wsf-label">Content</label>
              <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-178-row-3" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">This checkbox is required.</div>
            </div>
            <div class="wsf-inline"><input type="checkbox" id="wsf-1-field-178-row-4" name="field_178[]" value="abb5f62924" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-178-row-4" data-init-validate-real-time=""><label id="wsf-1-label-178-row-4"
                for="wsf-1-field-178-row-4" class="wsf-label">Social</label>
              <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-178-row-4" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">This checkbox is required.</div>
            </div>
          </div><input type="number" id="wsf-1-checkbox-min-max-178" data-checkbox-min-max="" data-progress-include="change" style="display:none !important;" aria-label="Validator" min="1" value="0" step="1" aria-invalid="true">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-178" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">This checkbox is required.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper sej-agree-chk font-size-13" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-179" data-id="179" data-type="checkbox">
          <div>
            <div><input type="checkbox" id="wsf-1-field-179-row-1" name="field_179[]" value="dd51bed592" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-179-row-1" required="" data-required="" aria-required="true" data-init-required=""
                aria-invalid="true" data-init-validate-real-time=""><label id="wsf-1-label-179-row-1" for="wsf-1-field-179-row-1" class="wsf-label">I want to receive the latest search news and updates from SEJ. Send me actionable insights from some
                of the SEO industry's leading experts.<span class="wsf-required-wrapper"> <strong class="wsf-text-danger">*</strong></span></label>
              <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-179-row-1" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">This checkbox is required.</div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-179" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">This checkbox is required.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-180" data-id="180" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-180" name="field_180"
            value="SEJ Post Bottom Subscribe" class="wsf-field" aria-label="WSOURCE" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-180" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid wsource.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-622" data-id="622" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-622" name="field_622"
            value="" class="wsf-field" aria-label="REGSOURCE" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-622" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid regsource.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-623" data-id="623" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-623" name="field_623"
            value="" class="wsf-field" aria-label="REG_INT" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-623" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid reg_int.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-636" data-id="636" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-636" name="field_636"
            value="" class="wsf-field" aria-label="REG_FIRST" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-636" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid reg_first.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-181" data-id="181" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-181" name="field_181"
            value="" class="wsf-field countrymc" aria-label="COUNTRY" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-181" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid country.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-182" data-id="182" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-182" name="field_182"
            value="" class="wsf-field citymc" aria-label="CITY" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-182" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid city.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-183" data-id="183" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-183" name="field_183"
            value="" class="wsf-field statemc" aria-label="STATE" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-183" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid state.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-184" data-id="184" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><label id="wsf-1-label-184" for="wsf-1-field-184"
            class="wsf-label">SURL</label><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-184" name="field_184" value="/newsletter-confirmation/?ver=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-184" data-hidden=""
            data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-184" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid surl.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-185" data-id="185" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><label id="wsf-1-label-185" for="wsf-1-field-185"
            class="wsf-label">AURL</label><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-185" name="field_185" value="/already-subscribed/?ver=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9" class="wsf-field" aria-labelledby="wsf-1-label-185" data-hidden=""
            data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-185" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid aurl.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-186" data-id="186" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-186" name="field_186"
            value="" class="wsf-field" aria-label="EBOOKTITLE" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-186" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid ebooktitle.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-280" data-id="280" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-280" name="field_280"
            value="" class="wsf-field" aria-label="REFCODE" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-280" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid refcode.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-282" data-id="282" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-282" name="field_282"
            value="" class="wsf-field" aria-label="EMAILHASH" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-282" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid emailhash.</div>
        </div>
        <div class="wsf-extra-small-12 wsf-tile wsf-field-wrapper" id="wsf-1-field-wrapper-281" data-id="281" data-type="text" style="display:none;" aria-live="polite" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="wsf-1-field-281" name="field_281"
            value="" class="wsf-field" aria-label="MD5" data-hidden="" data-init-validate-real-time="">
          <div id="wsf-1-invalid-feedback-281" class="wsf-invalid-feedback">Please provide a valid md5.</div>
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A BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO ADA WEBSITE ACCESSIBILITY COMPLIANCE

Learn about inclusive design and how to optimize your website for ADA compliance
with this beginner's guide to accessibility.

VIP CONTRIBUTOR


KIM KRAUSE BERG

 * July 22, 2020
 * ⋅
 * 14 min read

VIP CONTRIBUTOR


KIM KRAUSE BERG

Owner at Creative Vision Web Consulting, LLC
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The lack of websites and mobile apps that pass accessibility compliance
standards was disappointing news for accessibility advocates.

When schools and businesses closed due to COVID-19, the public turned to the web
for supplies, services, education, information, and access to their jobs.

What they discovered were websites and apps they could not use.

A determined, frustrated mother of two autistic children who continued their
schoolwork at home described to me how her children struggled to understand
their teachers’ assignments.



At school trained teachers assisted her children and their classmates.

At home, not only were the websites for school lessons confusing to use, but the
teachers themselves wrestled with badly designed learning sites and found
themselves playing the role of tech support.

Elsewhere around the world the public was suddenly placing orders with web apps
or learning how to video chat with family members.

Employees were sent home to do their jobs.

Not only were employees unprepared for the transition to working from home, but
the disabled or persons with impairments were left to fend for themselves.

Almost immediately it was glaringly clear that businesses and schools were not
ready to meet the demand for accessible websites and software.



ADA accessibility lawsuits and compliant letters soared.


ADA ACCESSIBILITY COMPLAINTS & LAWSUITS

Sometimes the first indication that a website is not accessible is a complaint
letter sent by a law firm on behalf of a plaintiff who could not use it.

If you are new to website accessibility, the legal ramifications of not
providing an accessible website are important to know.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), when it was first established as law
30 years ago, did not include the term “website” as a form of Public
Accommodation for Title III. It applies to physical buildings.

Section 508, however, includes government websites and any business tied to the
federal government through its services or product sales.



Universities are one example because they provide federal student loans. They
are required by law to provide accessible websites.

Nowadays, as we follow more cases in the U.S., the definition of “public
accommodation” is being interpreted by some state courts to include websites and
apps.

California’s new California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) has a provision for web
accessibility and making any privacy policies accessible starting July 1, 2020.

> “The Attorney General is set to begin enforcement of the CCPA on July 1, 2020
> and may impose penalties of up to $7,500 for non-compliance per violation.
> While it has yet to be determined how violations will be counted for purposes
> of this penalty, presumably, should a company fail to make a notice
> accessible, and a privacy policy accessible, this may create a penalty of up
> to $15,000.” – Source



Read the full CCPA instructions in this PDF put out by the Attorney General.

If your business or service has a global target market you are responsible for
understanding the accessibility requirements outside the U.S.

Every country, state, and province has their own guidance and regulations.

Accessibility overlays and widget plugins do not prevent ADA lawsuits.

In fact, they attract them by advertising that the website is not accessible and
if the user wants it to work they must use the overlay to make the adjustments
they need.

> “Around 100 Companies received lawsuits after investing in widget or overlays,
> some lawsuits even listed widget features as an extra burden.” – 2020 Midyear
> ADA Website and APP Accessibility Lawsuit Report



Inclusive design for products, services, and environments provides access to a
wide diversity of people.


WHY SHOULD DIGITAL MARKETERS CARE ABOUT ACCESSIBILITY?

Several basic accessibility techniques traditionally support SEO such as alt
text, heading tags, and consistent information architecture.

A focus on mobile design ignores a wide range of disabilities that make using
mobile devices impossible or difficult.

Many disabled persons, who may never use a mobile device, use the Internet with
computers that may be older, or specifically set up for meeting their unique
needs.

The assistive technology they use may not be available on mobile devices.

Both Apple and Android have accessibility settings for mobile operating systems
and strive for continued improvements.



Google’s Core Web Vitals accounts for three aspects of page experience –
loading, interactivity, visual stability. What happens when two pages have
equally superior content on the same topic?

If one page has a better page experience for mobile devices and breaks the tie
to rank higher, the user experience may not be accessible.

Accessibility and usability improvements for conversions support inclusive
design, which aids long term digital marketing efforts.


WHAT IS WCAG COMPLIANCE?

The World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG
2.1) are the recommended guidelines. They are not regulations or laws.

Help is provided by the W3C and its partners in charge of making technology work
for everyone. WCAG guidelines and instructions are available online for free.



There are frequent updates. WCAG 3.0, called “Silver”, is in the process of
being hammered out.

“Making Content Usable for People with Cognitive and Learning Disabilities” was
released on July 17.


ACCESSIBLE CONTENT MUST MEET FOUR PRINCIPLES

 * Perceivable
 * Operable
 * Understandable
 * Robust

WCAG 2.1 has conformance levels A, AA, and AAA. WCAG2.0 updated in 2018 to
WCAG2.1 by introducing 17 new success criteria to address low vision, cognition,
and mobile users.



Accessibility guidelines apply to software applications, operating systems, and
browsers.

For example, by default, the Firefox browser has a dotted line border focus
state built in. (Which accessibility designers enhance because it is difficult
to see for many eyesight impaired users.)

A combination of JavaScript, CSS, HTML5, and ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet
Applications) is used by developers to meet WCAG guidelines.


WHO NEEDS ACCESSIBILITY?

Inclusive design practices are for:


BLIND OR DEAF/BLIND PEOPLE

Globally, 2.2 billion people are sight-impaired.  Deaf persons may have hearing
loss in one or both ears.

Magnification, brightness settings, transcriptions, and captions help.


COGNITION & LEARNING DIFFICULTIES

Age can be a factor for recalling large amounts of information, as well as
educational levels.



Uncomplicated web page layouts and the removal of animation and automated videos
are helpful for dyslexia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).


EMOTIONAL, BEHAVIORAL DISABILITIES, OR A TEMPORARY ANXIETY

Page layouts, sentence structure, white space, and much more help users perceive
information and stay on task with websites or apps.


PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY INJURIES & DISEASES

We may take it for granted that everyone uses a mouse, pointer, or touch screen
to navigate.

Audible software and keyboard tab navigation are just two examples of
alternative and inclusive web access.


TRAVEL

Discrimination comes in many forms, including those we don’t notice.

Accessible hotel bookings, doctor appointments on the go, food deliveries,
services, and more are easier to use when designed for easy access.




PARTS OF A WEBSITE IMPORTANT FOR ACCESSIBILITY

These elements are crucial for website accessibility:

 * Navigation, links, focus state.
 * Forms, digitally signed forms.
 * Images, galleries, sliders.
 * Video, podcasts, audio.
 * Tables and iframes.
 * Maps, infographics, illustrative graphs.
 * Text layout, fonts, distractions, color contrasts.
 * Page structure and organization.
 * PDFs, Docs, PowerPoint.


BEGINNING STEPS TOWARD AN ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE

Basic accessibility guidelines begin with the visual user interface. These are
usually the easiest to address first.

Advanced accessibility development with ARIA works by adding instructions
necessary for screen readers and assistive tech to understand content.



WordPress developers are constantly updating WordPress Core to be accessible.
This includes the new Gutenberg Editor.

There are WordPress accessible themes, but unless the site owner understands
WCAG, the accessibility parts are easily broken.

Third-party plugins and shopping carts are not always accessible or easily
modified to make them compliant.

There are many companies racing to assist their clients with improved templates,
customization, and editing processes to make accessibility enhancements easier.

Foodie website themes developer, Feast, created the Feast Plugin for their
customers to help them meet SEO and accessibility requirements by recommending
design decisions for their themes.

This allows businesses to focus on content and marketing with a theme they
customized to meet accessibility guidelines.



> “Recipe sites are becoming aware that accessibility isn’t just about handicap
> visitors – it helps improve the user experience for all visitors. A better
> user experience means overall lower bounce rates, increased time on site and
> quicker page load times. This ultimately translates to better organic
> rankings, and more people trying their recipes. If we can bring their
> “accessibility to do list” down from 40 to 20 items through the Feast Plugin,
> they save hours of tedious technical work, and we can roll it out across
> thousands of sites.” – Feast

Accessibility test plans can be detailed.


BASIC ACCESSIBILITY CHECKLIST

Accessible design is never finished.



Like SEO, there is never a moment where you can rest and think you got
everything.

It’s important to always test any new design change and keep educating yourself
on WCAG updates.

The following WCAG2.1 recommendations are a good place to start.


USE OF COLOR

 * Avoid color as the only cue. Example: Forms that state “Required fields in
   red” need an alternative way to convey a required field for people who don’t
   see red or use a screen reader where there is no color at all.
 * Text links must have a contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (for small text) or 3:1 (for
   large text) against their background.
 * Test foreground and background colors to see is they pass color contrast
   tests. There are several free apps available and websites that help you
   choose appropriate contrasting color palettes.
 * Avoid light gray for text. Always.
 * For buttons, the text color must contrast against the button background
   color.


LINKS

 * Color must not be the only way to determine links unless the surrounding text
   is at least 3:1 and an additional underline, outline, etc. is provided when
   the link is hovered or receives focus.
 * Links must be visually distinguishable from surrounding non-link text.
 * Link text must describe the purpose of the link. (Never use “Click here”.)
 * Use ARIA aria-labelled by to associate a “Read more” link with the title of
   the article. See Using aria-labelledby for link purpose.
 * Skip links should be provided to allow keyboard users to navigate directly to
   the main content. Related to this is the skip to navigation link.
 * Remember that mobile devices do not have a hover state. Neither do touch
   screens.




SCREEN READER REMINDERS

 * A properly coded link is announced in screen readers as a link.
 * Screen reader users often listen to links out of context, either by
   navigating through the links, or by using a keyboard command to list all the
   links on the page.
 * The best technique is to make sure all links make sense out of context.
 * A properly coded button is announced in screen readers as a button.
 * Skip links help screen reader users jump over navigation menus to get
   directly to the main content each time a new page loads. (Otherwise, the page
   is read from the top all over again.)
 * Forms need buttons to be activated on screen readers.


CONTENT STRUCTURE & SEMANTICS

 * Every page requires a title.
 * The first heading should be an H1.
 * Use consecutive headings. Do not skip hierarchical levels.
 * Use landmarks to designate content areas. This is done with HTML5 landmarks
   and their ARIA equivalents.
 * The source page of an iframe must have a valid, meaningful <title>.
 * Text size must be readable and easy to see. Navigation link text is now
   usually 16 – 18px and regular content 14 – 16px.
 * Other than the header section, content should be left aligned. This is for
   dyslexia users, poor eyesight users, and the way we read (left to right).
   Headings and subheadings can be centered or left aligned.
 * Breadcrumb navigation should be left aligned.
 * Don’t remove the ability to magnify fonts on mobile devices.


IMAGES & MEDIA

 * All images must have alt text. This includes Twitter and Medium.
 * Image links should describe the link destination for screen readers.
 * It is considered a courtesy to warn both visual and non-visual users when a
   link will take them off-site.
 * Alt text should be concise and no more than 250 characters. Never say “image
   of”, “graphic of” or “picture of” in the alt description.
 * Add alt text to images inside Word and PDF documents.
 * Images that are decorative, or redundant to content that is already conveyed
   in text should use alt=””, ARIA role=”presentation” or implemented as CSS
   background.
 * Avoid using images as text.
 * Videos must be closed captioned.
 * Videos must provide transcribed dialog, narration, and other meaningful
   sounds.
 * Podcasts must provide a transcript.
 * Provide a method to pause, stop, or hide automatically playing media content.


ACCESSIBLE DOCUMENTS AND KEYBOARD TAB NAVIGATION

Keyboard navigation is used when there is no mouse. It’s vital that links
contain focus states and follow the reading order of the DOM.



Try this yourself with your keyboard by tapping your Tab key. Each tab should
take you to a link with a focus state such as a border or border with background
color.

PDF documents, PowerPoint, and Word documents must all be accessible.

When creating documents look for how to save as accessible documents in
settings.


RECOMMENDED PDF REMEDIATION TOOLS

 * Common Look PDF Validator
 * Adobe Acrobat Pro DC




WILL AN ACCESSIBILITY STATEMENT PREVENT AN ADA LAWSUIT?

No.

The only way to prevent the potential for a website ADA accessibility lawsuit is
to build a website that meets WCAG2.1 A + AA guidelines.

An Accessibility Statement is a policy statement similar to your Privacy Policy
and Terms and Conditions.

It contains information on what you know was tested and the level of compliance
guidelines that are met.

It may also contain information on what is not tested, and a disclaimer that you
are not responsible for the accessibility of third-party plugins or applications
such as shopping carts. (However, you should try to find out how accessible they
are.)

Finally, provide a way to contact you in the event that someone has been
prevented from conducting a task or is having trouble with the website.



An Accessibility Statement is not a guarantee against an ADA lawsuit. It can be
invalid the moment a change is made to the design and it was not tested.

Recommended:

 * Accessibility Statement Checklist
 * Core Components of an effective Accessibility Statement


CAN I USE AUTOMATED ACCESSIBILITY TESTING SOFTWARE?

Automated accessibility testing software typically locates about 25% of issues.

Since most accessibility testing is done manually there is no replacement for
hiring an accessibility specialist for an audit.



If you are the recipient of an ADA complaint letter, courts may only accept
expert accessibility testing and validation from a certified accessibility
specialist to represent you.

Lighthouse Results for Accessibility and SEO


TESTING SOFTWARE

There are free, fee and Beta versions of accessibility testing software that can
added on to developer tools or used as standalone software.




RECOMMENDED FOR ACCESSIBILITY TESTING

 * Lighthouse in Chrome Dev Tools
 * WAVE
 * Site Improve
 * ARC Toolkit
 * Tenon
 * AXE


WHERE TO LEARN ACCESSIBILITY

Learning how to implement accessibility enhancements is challenging.

It’s one of the main reasons why accessibility is ignored or not done properly.


RECOMMENDED

 * Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
 * Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA)
 * Accessibility certification is offered by Deque University
 * International Association of Accessibility Professionals (IAAP)


ACCESSIBILITY IS REWARDING & VALUED WORK

A local web designer told me she had no idea how much she didn’t know until her
clients began demanding accessibility reviews.

I told her that I had added accessibility basics to usability reviews and site
design work 20 years ago, but it was only in the past few years that I realized
all the areas of web design accessibility touches and why it is important to
include in development cycles.

Millions of people depend on our efforts.

More Resources:

 * How to Meet the Increased Demand for Website Accessibility
 * Accessibility for Digital Businesses: How Your Company Can Be a Leader
 * Marketing Website Accessibility in the Age of Assumptions

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Image Credits

All screenshots taken by author, July 2020

Category Web Dev SEO
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Read Full Bio
VIP CONTRIBUTOR


KIM KRAUSE BERG

Owner at Creative Vision Web Consulting, LLC

Kim Krause Berg, CPACC Accessibility and QA Analyst, Accessibility, BM
Technologies, Inc. (BMTX) f/k/a BankMobile, owns Creative Vision Web Consulting,
...


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