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Warren Buffett
Table of Contents
Warren Buffett
Table of Contents
* Introduction & Top Questions
Fast Facts
* Facts & Related Content
Top Questions
* What is Warren Buffett's primary investment vehicle?
* What charities does Warren Buffett donate money to?
Media
* Images
More
* More Articles On This Topic
* Contributors
* Article History
Related Biographies
* Cornelius Vanderbilt
American industrialist and philanthropist [1794–1877]
* Bill Gates
American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist
* Melinda Gates
American businesswoman and philanthropist
* Andrew Carnegie
American industrialist and philanthropist
* See All
Home Politics, Law & Government Businesspeople & Entrepreneurs
History & Society
WARREN BUFFETT
American businessman and philanthropist
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Also known as: Warren Edward Buffett
Written and fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have
extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that
content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify
and edit content received from contributors.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated: Jun 29, 2023 • Article History
Table of Contents
Warren Buffett
See all media
Category: History & Society
Born: August 30, 1930 (age 92) Omaha Nebraska ...(Show more) Awards And Honors:
Presidential Medal of Freedom (2011) ...(Show more)
See all related content →
RECENT NEWS
Jun. 29, 2023, 1:16 PM ET (AP)
Warren Buffett's firm buys more Occidental Petroleum and now owns more than 25%
of the oil producer
Billionaire Warren Buffett's company keeps buying shares of Occidental
Petroleum, and Berkshire Hathaway now controls more than 25% of the oil producer
Jun. 23, 2023, 1:09 PM ET (AP)
Warren Buffett has given $50.7 billion toward historic pledges to the Gates
Foundation and others
After 17 years of steady payments, Warren Buffett has to date given annual
donations totaling $50.7 billion toward his historic multibillion-dollar pledges
to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and to four foundations connected to his
family, according to a Chronicle tally
Jun. 20, 2023, 7:34 PM ET (AP)
Warren Buffett's firm raises stakes in Japanese trading houses as Nikkei hot
streak continues
Billionaire Warren Buffett's company increased its investments in five major
Japanese trading houses for the second time this year to give Berkshire Hathaway
control of 8.5% of each of those conglomerates
Show More
Show Less
Top Questions
WHAT IS WARREN BUFFETT KNOWN FOR?
Warren Buffett, known as the "Oracle of Omaha," is an American businessman and
philanthropist, widely considered the most successful investor of the 20th
century. He has amassed a personal fortune of more than $60 billion by defying
prevailing investment trends.
WHAT IS WARREN BUFFETT'S PRIMARY INVESTMENT VEHICLE?
In 1965 Warren Buffett took majority control of the textile manufacturer
Berkshire Hathaway Inc., turning it into his primary investment vehicle. From
the 1960s through the ’90s Berkshire Hathaway’s publicly traded shares gained
about 28 percent per year. Buffett’s success with Berkshire Hathaway made him
one of the world’s wealthiest men.
WHAT CHARITIES DOES WARREN BUFFETT DONATE MONEY TO?
In June 2006 Warren Buffett announced that he would donate more than 80 percent
of his wealth to charitable foundations. The main recipient was the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation, which is focused on issues of world health and
education. The other organizations were those run by Buffett’s three children
and the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation, named for his late wife.
WHEN WAS WARREN BUFFETT AWARDED THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM?
Warren Buffett was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011.
Warren Buffett, in full Warren Edward Buffett, (born August 30, 1930, Omaha,
Nebraska, U.S.), American businessman and philanthropist, widely considered the
most successful investor of the 20th and early 21st centuries, having defied
prevailing investment trends to amass a personal fortune of more than $100
billion.
Known as the “Oracle of Omaha,” Buffett was the son of U.S. Rep. Howard Homan
Buffett from Nebraska. After graduating from the University of Nebraska (B.S.,
1950), he studied with Benjamin Graham at the Columbia University School of
Business (M.S., 1951). In 1956 Buffett returned to Omaha and in 1965 took
majority control of the textile manufacturer Berkshire Hathaway Inc., turning it
into his primary investment vehicle. From the 1960s through the ’90s the major
stock averages rose by roughly 11 percent annually, but Berkshire Hathaway’s
publicly traded shares gained about 28 percent per year. Though Buffett’s
success with Berkshire Hathaway made him one of the world’s wealthiest men, he
eschewed lavish spending and criticized governmental policies and taxation that
favoured the rich over the middle or lower classes.
In June 2006 Buffett announced that he planned to donate more than 80 percent of
his wealth to charitable foundations; in 2020 he raised that amount to 99
percent. The main recipient was the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation—created by
Microsoft founder Bill Gates and his then wife, Melinda—which focused on issues
of world health and education; Bill and Buffett had maintained a close
friendship since the early 1990s. The other organizations receiving donations
included those run by Buffett’s three children and the Susan Thompson Buffett
Foundation, named for his late wife, which focused on women’s reproductive
rights and funded college scholarship programs. In 2010 Buffett and the Gateses
created the Giving Pledge, an invitation to other wealthy individuals to donate
the majority of their fortune to charities.
Warren Buffett and Barack Obama
During the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–08, Buffett made a number of deals
that, though questioned at the time, proved highly profitable. In September 2008
he invested $5 billion in the U.S.-based bank holding company Goldman Sachs
Group, Inc., and the following month Berkshire Hathaway purchased $3 billion in
General Electric Company (GE) preferred stock. In November 2009 Buffett
announced that Berkshire was buying the railroad company Burlington Northern
Santa Fe Corporation for about $26 billion; the investment group already owned
approximately 23 percent of the railroad. Berkshire Hathaway also had
significant shareholdings in companies it did not control, including Coca Cola
and Apple.
In 2011 Buffett was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised
and updated by Amy Tikkanen.
Jeff Bezos
Table of Contents
Jeff Bezos
Table of Contents
* Introduction & Top Questions
*
Early life and career
*
Amazon.com
*
Other activities
*
Personal life
Fast Facts
* Jeff Bezos summary
* Facts & Related Content
Top Questions
* How did Jeff Bezos start Amazon?
* Was Jeff Bezos born rich?
Read Next
* Timeline of the 1990s
Media
* Images
More
* More Articles On This Topic
* Contributors
* Article History
Related Biographies
* Tim O’Brien
American author
* Gregory Olsen
American scientist and entrepreneur
* Mark Zuckerberg
American computer programmer and entrepreneur
* Perry Chen
American entrepreneur
* See All
Home Politics, Law & Government Businesspeople & Entrepreneurs
JEFF BEZOS
American entrepreneur
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Also known as: Jeffrey Preston Bezos
Written and fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have
extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that
content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify
and edit content received from contributors.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated: Jun 12, 2023 • Article History
Table of Contents
Jeff Bezos
See all media
Born: January 12, 1964 (age 59) Albuquerque New Mexico ...(Show more) Founder:
Amazon.com Blue Origin ...(Show more) Notable Family Members: son of Miguel
("Mike") Bezos son of Jacklyn ("Jackie") Bezos son of Ted Jorgensen married to
Mackenzie Scott (1993–2019) brother of Mark Bezos brother of Christina Bezos
...(Show more)
See all related content →
Top Questions
WHO IS JEFF BEZOS?
Jeff Bezos is an American entrepreneur who played a key role in the growth of
e-commerce as the founder and chief executive officer of Amazon.com, an online
retailer. In 2020 he had a net worth of more than $180 billion.
HOW DID JEFF BEZOS START AMAZON?
Jeff Bezos quit his job at an investment bank in 1994 and moved to Seattle,
Washington, to open a virtual bookstore. Working out of his garage with a
handful of employees, Bezos began developing the software for the site, which he
called Amazon.com. It sold its first book in 1995.
WHERE WAS JEFF BEZOS BORN?
Jeff Bezos was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on January 12, 1964. He was
raised largely in Houston, Texas, and moved to Miami, Florida, as a teenager.
WAS JEFF BEZOS BORN RICH?
Jeff Bezos was not born into a wealthy family. His parents were 17 and 18 years
old when he was born, and he worked on his maternal grandparents’ ranch in
Cotulla, Texas, early in his life. He graduated summa cum laude from Princeton
University in 1986, with degrees in electrical engineering and computer science.
WHAT WAS JEFF BEZOS’S FIRST JOB?
As a teenager, Jeff Bezos got his first job at a McDonald’s restaurant, where he
was a fry cook. His salary was less than $3 per hour. After graduating from
Princeton University, he worked at Fitel, an international trade start-up.
Jeff Bezos , byname of Jeffrey Preston Bezos, (born January 12, 1964,
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.), American entrepreneur who played a key role in
the growth of e-commerce as the founder and chief executive officer of
Amazon.com, Inc., an online merchant of books and later of a wide variety of
products. Under his guidance, Amazon became the largest retailer on the World
Wide Web and the model for Internet sales.
EARLY LIFE AND CAREER
Jeff Bezos
While still in high school, Bezos developed the Dream Institute, a centre that
promoted creative thinking in young students. After graduating (1986) summa cum
laude from Princeton University with degrees in electrical engineering and
computer science, he undertook a series of jobs before joining the New York
investment bank D.E. Shaw & Co. in 1990. Soon named senior vice president—the
firm’s youngest—Bezos was in charge of examining the investment possibilities of
the Internet. Its enormous potential—Web usage was growing by more than 2,000
percent a year—sparked his entrepreneurial imagination. In 1994 he quit D.E.
Shaw and moved to Seattle, Washington, to open a virtual bookstore. Working out
of his garage with a handful of employees, Bezos began developing the software
for the site. Named after the South American river, Amazon sold its first book
in July 1995.
AMAZON.COM
Jeff Bezos
Amazon quickly became the leader in e-commerce. Open 24 hours a day, the site
was user-friendly, encouraging browsers to post their own reviews of books and
offering discounts, personalized recommendations, and searches for out-of-print
books. In June 1998 it began selling CDs, and later that year it added videos.
In 1999 Bezos added auctions to the site and invested in other virtual stores.
The success of Amazon encouraged other retailers, including major book chains,
to establish online stores.
As more companies battled for Internet dollars, Bezos saw the need to diversify,
and by 2005 Amazon offered a vast array of products, including consumer
electronics, apparel, and hardware. Amazon diversified even further in 2006 by
introducing Amazon Web Services (AWS), a cloud-computing service that eventually
became the largest such service in the world. In late 2007 Amazon released a new
handheld reading device called the Kindle, a digital book reader with wireless
Internet connectivity, enabling customers to purchase, download, read, and store
a vast selection of books on demand. Amazon announced in 2010 that sales of
Kindle books had surpassed those of hardcover books. That same year Amazon moved
into making its own television shows and movies with its Amazon Studios
division. Amazon’s yearly net sales increased from $510,000 in 1995 to some $600
million in 1998 and from more than $19.1 billion in 2008 to almost $233 billion
in 2018. About half of the company’s operating income in 2018 was derived from
AWS. Two years later Amazon registered record profits, and its revenue in the
fourth quarter that year surpassed $100 billion for the first time. The
unprecedented numbers were, in part, caused by a rise in home shopping during
the COVID-19 pandemic.
In February 2021 Bezos announced that he would be stepping down as CEO later
that year. However, he planned to remain at Amazon as executive chairman.
OTHER ACTIVITIES
Aside from Amazon, Bezos founded a spaceflight company, Blue Origin, in 2000.
Blue Origin bought a launch site in Texas soon thereafter and planned to
introduce a crewed suborbital spacecraft, New Shepard, in 2018 and an orbital
launch vehicle, New Glenn, in 2020. Bezos bought The Washington Post and
affiliated publications for $250 million in 2013. Bezos’s net worth was
calculated in 2018 at $112 billion, making him the richest person in the world.
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PERSONAL LIFE
In 1993 Bezos married Mackenzie Tuttle, whom he had met at D.E. Shaw. The couple
announced in January 2019 that they were divorcing, and the following day the
National Enquirer printed a story revealing that Bezos was having an affair with
another woman. Bezos subsequently launched an investigation into how the tabloid
had obtained his private text messages. Then, in February, he posted a lengthy
essay online in which he accused officials at American Media Inc. (AMI), the
parent company of the Enquirer, of “extortion and bribery” for suggesting that
they would release nude photographs of Bezos if he did not stop his inquiry,
amid other demands. The Bezos-led investigation later alleged that his lover’s
brother had leaked the texts.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.
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