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Text Content

EENA

European Emergency Number Association




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PUBLIC WARNING

Home » Our work » EENA Special Focus » Public Warning

Share


Recent terrorist attacks, natural disasters or health crises have highlighted
the need for efficient Public Warning Systems. This allows public authorities to
quickly alert the population and let them know of an ongoing crisis or imminent
threat.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 * A Multi-Channel Approach
 * EU Legislation
 * EENA's stance
 * Strategy & planning
 * EENA's Support
 * Practical examples


A MULTI-CHANNEL APPROACH



Since one technology cannot instantly reach all the population, EENA believes
that many different channels must be considered to maximise the chances of
disseminating information to as many people as possible. Possible channels
include using people’s phones, sirens, social media, TVs & radios, emails,
variable message signs…

You can learn more about these different channels in EENA’s document on Public
Warning Systems.


ALERTING THE POPULATION ON THEIR PHONES - MANDATORY IN EU LEGISLATION

EENA has been advocating for the EU to mandate public alerting on phones since
the early 2000s, including by supporting a Written Declaration on the matter in
2008 (see Written Declaration on early warnings for citizens).

We are delighted that the European Electronic Communications Code (EECC) – which
was adopted in December 2018 – makes it mandatory for all the Member States of
the European Union to implement modern public warning systems. By June 2022,
public authorities in all Member States must be able to send alerts to people’s
phones in a determined area. Read more about how the EECC is affecting emergency
communications in the EU here.

Two technologies make it possible to reach everyone present in a specific area
on their mobile phones and thus comply with EU legislation:

 * Cell Broadcast is a standardised technology that makes it possible to send
   alerts to a geo-targeted population, directly on their mobile phones. When
   people are present in an area (whether they are residents or visitors) where
   a disaster is ongoing or might happen in the near future, their phone would
   display an alert with a distinctive ringtone and vibration. Public
   authorities can use this technology to alert instantly (usually within 10
   seconds) the population present near a disaster (possibility to narrow it
   down to a few meters) and in a privacy-friendly manner.
 * Location-Based SMS is another technology that can be used to alert all the
   population of a given area in near real-time. The main difference with cell
   broadcast is that alerts are transmitted to the users by regular SMS. Public
   authorities can use the cellular base stations to disseminate alerts to all
   the phones connected to these stations in an anonymised way. Authorities may
   also be able to access information on the country of origin of the users’ SIM
   cards, making it possible to send the alert in different languages to
   different phones and to get real-time situational awareness on the number of
   users around the disaster.





EENA'S STANCE ON TECHNOLOGIES



EENA remains technology-neutral and believes that it is up to Member States to
assess whether they want to deploy Cell Broadcast and/or Location-based SMS
(both have pros and cons), which are described in EENA’s document on Public
Warning Systems. We have also added examples at the bottom of this page.

This being said, EENA believes that using both technologies is the best solution
to fully exploit their potential and making sure that citizens are appropriately
informed of a developing disaster.

EENA is however firmly against the use of smartphone apps as a substitution for
Cell-Broadcast and/or Location-based SMS. This is primarily because apps require
downloading: a high-penetration rate cannot be achieved based on voluntary
downloads only.





TECHNOLOGIES ...BUT NOT ONLY



While modern technologies can help reach thousands of people in seconds, we
believe that the organisational and human aspects of public warning and crisis
communication should not be forgotten. In other words, technologies will not
draft nor launch the alerts. Every country and responsible authority must ensure
that they have a proper doctrine and procedure in place to use these public
warning systems.

These strategies should for instance address questions such as: who sends the
alerts; at which administrative level (national, regional, municipal…); at what
moment; with which content; in which language; using which channels (etc).





HOW CAN EENA HELP YOU TO DEPLOY PUBLIC WARNING?



EENA can:

 * Respond to any questions you may have about public warning
 * Put you in contact with other public safety officials who have already
   deployed Cell Broadcast and/or Location-based SMS
 * Put you in contact with several vendors
 * Co-organise a physical / online event for you to hear from public safety
   officials and vendors

Feel free to contact Benoit Vivier at bv@eena.org

USE OF TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY IN EUROPE AS OF DECEMBER 2023:







STANDARDISATION

You can find a list of standards here that affect the implementation of public
warning systems. To find out more about standardisation, head to our page.

 * Standards on Cell Broadcast:ETSI TS 102 900 – European Public Warning Systerm
   (EU-ALERT) using the Cell Broadcast
   Service: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/102900_102999/102900/01.03.01_60/ts_102900v010301p.pdf
 * 3GPP TS22.268; release 18 – Public Warning System
   requirements: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/122200_122299/122268/18.01.00_60/ts_122268v180100p.pdf
 * 3GPP TS23.041; release 18 – Technical realization of Cell Broadcast
   Service: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_TS/123000_123099/123041/18.00.00_60/ts_123041v180000p.pdf
 * Standard on Common Alerting Protocol: Common Alerting Protocol, version 1.2:
   https://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2.pdf




USEFUL RESOURCES

 * EENA Blog: The End Isn’t Nigh – Why There is Nothing to Fear About Public
   Warning Systems
 * EENA Blog: FR-Alert, a European Reference Combining Cell Broadcast and
   Location-Based SMS
 * EENA Blog: 8 Recommendations to Get the Most Out of Public Warning Systems
 * EENA 2023 Conference: Ensuring Continuity of Emergency Comms and Public
   Warning with Satellite Applications
 * EENA 2023 Conference: The UN Early Warnings for All Action Plan
 * EENA 2023 Conference: Combining Different Technologies to Alert the
   Population: PWS in France
 * EENA 2023 Conference: Diversification of Public Warning Channels





EXAMPLES - AUTHORITIES REACHING CITIZENS

Netherlands: Location-based SMS to give instructions to citizens after a fire
broke out at the Bergpoortstraat
Sweden: Location-based SMS about a fire
Romania: Use of a Cell Broadcast message to inform the population about the
authorities’ measures to fight the spread of Covid-19
Belgium: Location-based SMS to inform of an ongoing fire in an electric plant
with potential toxic smoke
Netherlands: Cell-Broadcast alert about a fire
New Zealand: Use of a Cell-Broadcast alert to inform the population about the
spread of COVID-19 and the change of alert level
Netherlands: Location-based SMS to give instructions to citizens after a fire
broke out at the Bergpoortstraat
Sweden: Location-based SMS about a fire





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NEXT GENERATION 112


BENOIT VIVIER




RELATED DOCUMENTS

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RELATED WEBINARS

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