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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IS AWESOME

Over 400+ blog posts to guide you through introductory Organic Chemistry,
organized by subject.

00 GENERAL CHEMISTRY REVIEW

 * Gen Chem and Organic Chem: How are they different?
 * How Gen Chem Relates to Organic Chem, Pt. 1 - The Atom
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Pt. 2 - Electrons and Orbitals
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Pt. 3 - Effective Nuclear Charge
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Pt. 4 - Chemical Bonding
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Pt. 5 - Understanding Periodic Trends
 * From Gen Chem to Org Chem, Pt. 6 - Lewis Structures, A Parable
 * From Gen Chem to Org Chem, Pt. 7 - Lewis Structures
 * From Gen Chem to Org Chem, Pt. 8 - Ionic and Covalent Bonding
 * From Gen Chem to Org Chem, Pt. 9 - Acids and Bases
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Pt. 10 - Hess' Law
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Pt. 11 - The Second Law
 * From Gen Chem to Org Chem Pt. 12 - Kinetics
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Pt. 13 - Equilibria
 * From Gen Chem to Organic Chem, Part 14: Wrapup

01 BONDING, STRUCTURE, AND RESONANCE

 * How Concepts Build Up In Org 1 ("The Pyramid")
 * Review of Atomic Orbitals for Organic Chemistry
 * How Do We Know Methane (CH4) Is Tetrahedral?
 * Hybrid Orbitals and Hybridization
 * How To Determine Hybridization: A Shortcut
 * Orbital Hybridization And Bond Strengths
 * Sigma bonds come in six varieties: Pi bonds come in one
 * A Key Skill: How to Calculate Formal Charge
 * Partial Charges Give Clues About Electron Flow
 * The Four Intermolecular Forces and How They Affect Boiling Points
 * 3 Trends That Affect Boiling Points
 * How To Use Electronegativity To Determine Electron Density (and why NOT to
   trust formal charge)
 * Introduction to Resonance
 * How To Use Curved Arrows To Interchange Resonance Forms
 * Evaluating Resonance Forms (1) - The Rule of Least Charges
 * How To Find The Best Resonance Structure By Applying Electronegativity
 * Evaluating Resonance Structures With Negative Charges
 * Evaluating Resonance Structures With Positive Charge
 * Exploring Resonance: Pi-Donation
 * Exploring Resonance: Pi-acceptors
 * In Summary: Evaluating Resonance Structures
 * Drawing Resonance Structures: 3 Common Mistakes To Avoid
 * How to apply electronegativity and resonance to understand reactivity
 * Bond Hybridization Practice
 * Structure and Bonding Practice Quizzes
 * Resonance Structures Practice

02 ACID BASE REACTIONS

 * Introduction to Acid-Base Reactions
 * Acid Base Reactions In Organic Chemistry
 * The Stronger The Acid, The Weaker The Conjugate Base
 * Walkthrough of Acid-Base Reactions (3) - Acidity Trends
 * Five Key Factors That Influence Acidity
 * Acid-Base Reactions: Introducing Ka and pKa
 * How to Use a pKa Table
 * The pKa Table Is Your Friend
 * A Handy Rule of Thumb for Acid-Base Reactions
 * Acid Base Reactions Are Fast
 * pKa Values Span 60 Orders Of Magnitude
 * How Protonation and Deprotonation Affect Reactivity
 * Acid Base Practice Problems

03 ALKANES AND NOMENCLATURE

 * Summary Sheet - Alkane Nomenclature
 * Meet the (Most Important) Functional Groups
 * Condensed Formulas: Deciphering What the Brackets Mean
 * Hidden Hydrogens, Hidden Lone Pairs, Hidden Counterions
 * Don't Be Futyl, Learn The Butyls
 * Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary In Organic Chemistry
 * Branching, and Its Affect On Melting and Boiling Points
 * The Many, Many Ways of Drawing Butane
 * Common Mistakes: Drawing Tetrahedral Carbons
 * Common Mistakes in Organic Chemistry: Pentavalent Carbon
 * Table of Functional Group Priorities for Nomenclature
 * Organic Chemistry IUPAC Nomenclature Demystified With A Simple Puzzle Piece
   Approach
 * Boiling Point Quizzes
 * Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Quizzes

04 CONFORMATIONS AND CYCLOALKANES

 * Staggered vs Eclipsed Conformations of Ethane
 * Conformational Isomers of Propane
 * Newman Projection of Butane (and Gauche Conformation)
 * Introduction to Cycloalkanes (1)
 * Geometric Isomers In Small Rings: Cis And Trans Cycloalkanes
 * Calculation of Ring Strain In Cycloalkanes
 * Cycloalkanes - Ring Strain In Cyclopropane And Cyclobutane
 * Cyclohexane Conformations
 * Cyclohexane Chair Conformation: An Aerial Tour
 * How To Draw The Cyclohexane Chair Conformation
 * The Cyclohexane Chair Flip
 * The Cyclohexane Chair Flip - Energy Diagram
 * Substituted Cyclohexanes - Axial vs Equatorial
 * Ranking The Bulkiness Of Substituents On Cyclohexanes: "A-Values"
 * The Ups and Downs of Cyclohexanes
 * Cyclohexane Chair Conformation Stability: Which One Is Lower Energy?
 * Fused Rings - Cis-Decalin and Trans-Decalin
 * Naming Bicyclic Compounds - Fused, Bridged, and Spiro
 * Bredt's Rule (And Summary of Cycloalkanes)
 * Newman Projection Practice
 * Cycloalkanes Practice Problems

05 A PRIMER ON ORGANIC REACTIONS

 * The Most Important Question To Ask When Learning a New Reaction
 * The 4 Major Classes of Reactions in Org 1
 * Learning New Reactions: How Do The Electrons Move?
 * How (and why) electrons flow
 * The Third Most Important Question to Ask When Learning A New Reaction
 * 7 Factors that stabilize negative charge in organic chemistry
 * 7 Factors That Stabilize Positive Charge in Organic Chemistry
 * Common Mistakes: Formal Charges Can Mislead
 * Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
 * Curved Arrows (for reactions)
 * Curved Arrows (2): Initial Tails and Final Heads
 * Nucleophilicity vs. Basicity
 * The Three Classes of Nucleophiles
 * What Makes A Good Nucleophile?
 * Leaving Groups Are Nucleophiles Acting In Reverse
 * What makes a good leaving group?
 * 3 Factors That Stabilize Carbocations
 * Three Factors that Destabilize Carbocations
 * What's a Transition State?
 * Hammond's Postulate
 * Grossman's Rule
 * Draw The Ugly Version First
 * Learning Organic Chemistry Reactions: A Checklist (PDF)
 * Introduction to Addition Reactions
 * Introduction to Elimination Reactions
 * Introduction to Free Radical Substitution Reactions
 * Introduction to Oxidative Cleavage Reactions

06 FREE RADICAL REACTIONS

 * Bond Dissociation Energies = Homolytic Cleavage
 * Free Radical Reactions
 * 3 Factors That Stabilize Free Radicals
 * What Factors Destabilize Free Radicals?
 * Bond Strengths And Radical Stability
 * Free Radical Initiation: Why Is "Light" Or "Heat" Required?
 * Initiation, Propagation, Termination
 * Monochlorination Products Of Propane, Pentane, And Other Alkanes
 * Selectivity In Free Radical Reactions
 * Selectivity in Free Radical Reactions: Bromination vs. Chlorination
 * Halogenation At Tiffany's
 * Allylic Bromination
 * Bonus Topic: Allylic Rearrangements
 * In Summary: Free Radicals
 * Synthesis (2) - Reactions of Alkanes
 * Free Radicals Practice Quizzes

07 STEREOCHEMISTRY AND CHIRALITY

 * On Cats, Part 4: Enantiocats
 * On Cats, Part 6: Stereocenters
 * The Single Swap Rule
 * Introduction to Assigning (R) and (S): The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules
 * Assigning Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) Priorities (2) - The Method of Dots
 * Types of Isomers: Constitutional Isomers, Stereoisomers, Enantiomers, and
   Diastereomers
 * Enantiomers vs Diastereomers vs The Same? Two Methods For Solving Problems
 * Assigning R/S To Newman Projections (And Converting Newman To Line Diagrams)
 * How To Determine R and S Configurations On A Fischer Projection
 * The Meso Trap
 * Optical Rotation, Optical Activity, and Specific Rotation
 * Optical Purity and Enantiomeric Excess
 * What's a Racemic Mixture?
 * Chiral Allenes And Chiral Axes
 * Stereochemistry Practice Problems and Quizzes

08 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS

 * Introduction to Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
 * Walkthrough of Substitution Reactions (1) - Introduction
 * Two Types of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
 * The SN2 Mechanism
 * Why the SN2 Reaction Is Powerful
 * The SN1 Mechanism
 * The Conjugate Acid Is A Better Leaving Group
 * Comparing the SN1 and SN2 Reactions
 * Polar Protic? Polar Aprotic? Nonpolar? All About Solvents
 * Steric Hindrance is Like a Fat Goalie
 * Common Blind Spot: Intramolecular Reactions
 * The Conjugate Base is Always a Stronger Nucleophile
 * Substitution Practice - SN1
 * Substitution Practice - SN2

09 ELIMINATION REACTIONS

 * Elimination Reactions (1): Introduction And The Key Pattern
 * Elimination Reactions (2): The Zaitsev Rule
 * Elimination Reactions Are Favored By Heat
 * Two Elimination Reaction Patterns
 * The E1 Reaction
 * The E2 Mechanism
 * E1 vs E2: Comparing the E1 and E2 Reactions
 * Antiperiplanar Relationships: The E2 Reaction and Cyclohexane Rings
 * Bulky Bases in Elimination Reactions
 * Comparing the E1 vs SN1 Reactions
 * Elimination (E1) Reactions With Rearrangements
 * E1cB - Elimination (Unimolecular) Conjugate Base
 * Elimination (E1) Practice Problems And Solutions
 * Elimination (E2) Practice Problems and Solutions

10 REARRANGEMENTS

 * Introduction to Rearrangement Reactions
 * Rearrangement Reactions (1) - Hydride Shifts
 * Carbocation Rearrangement Reactions (2) - Alkyl Shifts
 * The SN1, E1, and Alkene Addition Reactions All Pass Through A Carbocation
   Intermediate

11 SN1/SN2/E1/E2 DECISION

 * Deciding SN1/SN2/E1/E2 (1) - The Substrate
 * Deciding SN1/SN2/E1/E2 (2) - The Nucleophile/Base
 * Deciding SN1/SN2/E1/E2 (3) - The Solvent
 * Deciding SN1/SN2/E1/E2 (4) - The Temperature
 * Wrapup: The Quick N' Dirty Guide To SN1/SN2/E1/E2
 * Alkyl Halide Reaction Map And Summary
 * SN1 SN2 E1 E2 Practice Problems

12 ALKENE REACTIONS

 * E and Z Notation For Alkenes (+ Cis/Trans)
 * Alkene Stability
 * Addition Reactions: Elimination's Opposite
 * Selective vs. Specific
 * Regioselectivity In Alkene Addition Reactions
 * Stereoselectivity In Alkene Addition Reactions: Syn vs Anti Addition
 * Markovnikov Addition Of HCl To Alkenes
 * Alkene Hydrohalogenation Mechanism And How It Explains Markovnikov's Rule
 * Arrow Pushing and Alkene Addition Reactions
 * Addition Pattern #1: The "Carbocation Pathway"
 * Rearrangements in Alkene Addition Reactions
 * Bromination of Alkenes
 * Bromination of Alkenes: The Mechanism
 * Alkene Addition Pattern #2: The "Three-Membered Ring" Pathway
 * Hydroboration - Oxidation of Alkenes
 * Hydroboration Oxidation of Alkenes Mechanism
 * Alkene Addition Pattern #3: The "Concerted" Pathway
 * Bromonium Ion Formation: A (Minor) Arrow-Pushing Dilemma
 * A Fourth Alkene Addition Pattern - Free Radical Addition
 * Alkene Reactions: Ozonolysis
 * Summary: Three Key Families Of Alkene Reaction Mechanisms
 * Synthesis (4) - Alkene Reaction Map, Including Alkyl Halide Reactions
 * Alkene Reactions Practice Problems

13 ALKYNE REACTIONS

 * Acetylides from Alkynes, And Substitution Reactions of Acetylides
 * Partial Reduction of Alkynes With Lindlar's Catalyst or Na/NH3 To Obtain Cis
   or Trans Alkenes
 * Hydroboration and Oxymercuration of Alkynes
 * Alkyne Reaction Patterns - Hydrohalogenation - Carbocation Pathway
 * Alkyne Halogenation: Bromination, Chlorination, and Iodination of Alkynes
 * Alkyne Reactions - The "Concerted" Pathway
 * Alkenes To Alkynes Via Halogenation And Elimination Reactions
 * Alkynes Are A Blank Canvas
 * Synthesis (5) - Reactions of Alkynes
 * Alkyne Reactions Practice Problems With Answers

14 ALCOHOLS, EPOXIDES AND ETHERS

 * Alcohols (1) - Nomenclature and Properties
 * Alcohols Can Act As Acids Or Bases (And Why It Matters)
 * Alcohols (3) - Acidity and Basicity
 * The Williamson Ether Synthesis
 * Williamson Ether Synthesis: Planning
 * Ethers From Alkenes, Tertiary Alkyl Halides and Alkoxymercuration
 * Alcohols To Ethers via Acid Catalysis
 * Cleavage Of Ethers With Acid
 * Epoxides - The Outlier Of The Ether Family
 * Opening of Epoxides With Acid
 * Epoxide Ring Opening With Base
 * Making Alkyl Halides From Alcohols
 * Tosylates And Mesylates
 * PBr3 and SOCl2
 * Elimination Reactions of Alcohols
 * Elimination of Alcohols To Alkenes With POCl3
 * Alcohol Oxidation: "Strong" and "Weak" Oxidants
 * Demystifying Alcohol Oxidations
 * Intramolecular Reactions of Alcohols and Ethers
 * Protecting Groups For Alcohols
 * Thiols And Thioethers
 * Calculating the oxidation state of a carbon
 * Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry
 * Oxidation Ladders
 * SOCl2 Mechanism For Alcohols To Alkyl Halides: SN2 versus SNi
 * Alcohol Reactions Roadmap (PDF)
 * Alcohol Reaction Practice Problems
 * Epoxide Reaction Quizzes
 * Oxidation and Reduction Practice Quizzes

15 ORGANOMETALLICS

 * What's An Organometallic?
 * Formation of Grignard and Organolithium Reagents
 * Organometallics Are Strong Bases
 * Reactions of Grignard Reagents
 * Protecting Groups In Grignard Reactions
 * Grignard Practice Problems: Synthesis (1)
 * Grignard Reactions And Synthesis (2)
 * Organocuprates (Gilman Reagents): How They're Made
 * Gilman Reagents (Organocuprates): What They're Used For
 * Common Mistakes with Carbonyls: Carboxylic Acids... Are Acids!
 * The Heck, Suzuki, and Olefin Metathesis Reactions (And Why They Don't Belong
   In Most Introductory Organic Chemistry Courses)
 * Reaction Map: Reactions of Organometallics
 * Grignard Practice Problems

16 SPECTROSCOPY

 * Degrees of Unsaturation (or IHD, Index of Hydrogen Deficiency)
 * Conjugation And Color (+ How Bleach Works)
 * Introduction To UV-Vis Spectroscopy
 * UV-Vis Spectroscopy: Absorbance of Carbonyls
 * UV-Vis Spectroscopy: Practice Questions
 * Bond Vibrations, Infrared Spectroscopy, and the "Ball and Spring" Model
 * Infrared Spectroscopy: A Quick Primer On Interpreting Spectra
 * IR Spectroscopy: 4 Practice Problems
 * 1H NMR: How Many Signals?
 * Homotopic, Enantiotopic, Diastereotopic
 * Diastereotopic Protons in 1H NMR Spectroscopy: Examples
 * C13 NMR - How Many Signals
 * Liquid Gold: Pheromones In Doe Urine
 * Natural Product Isolation (1) - Extraction
 * Natural Product Isolation (2) - Purification Techniques, An Overview
 * Structure Determination Case Study: Deer Tarsal Gland Pheromone

17 DIENES AND MO THEORY

 * What To Expect In Organic Chemistry 2
 * How Concepts Build Up In Org 2
 * Are these molecules conjugated?
 * Conjugation And Resonance In Organic Chemistry
 * Bonding And Antibonding Pi Orbitals
 * Molecular Orbitals of The Allyl Cation, Allyl Radical, and Allyl Anion
 * Pi Molecular Orbitals of Butadiene
 * Reactions of Dienes: 1,2 and 1,4 Addition
 * Thermodynamic and Kinetic Products
 * More On 1,2 and 1,4 Additions To Dienes
 * s-cis and s-trans
 * The Diels-Alder Reaction
 * Cyclic Dienes and Dienophiles in the Diels-Alder Reaction
 * Stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder Reaction
 * Exo vs Endo Products In The Diels Alder: How To Tell Them Apart
 * HOMO and LUMO In the Diels Alder Reaction
 * Why Are Endo vs Exo Products Favored in the Diels-Alder Reaction?
 * Diels-Alder Reaction: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control
 * The Retro Diels-Alder Reaction
 * Electrocyclic Ring Opening And Closure (2) - Six (or Eight) Pi Electrons
 * The Intramolecular Diels Alder Reaction
 * The Cope and Claisen Rearrangements
 * Regiochemistry In The Diels-Alder Reaction
 * Electrocyclic Reactions
 * Diels Alder Practice Problems
 * Molecular Orbital Theory Practice

18 AROMATICITY

 * Introduction To Aromaticity
 * Rules For Aromaticity
 * Huckel's Rule: What Does 4n+2 Mean?
 * "Is This Molecule Aromatic?" Some Practice Problems
 * Antiaromatic Compounds and Antiaromaticity
 * The Pi Molecular Orbitals of Benzene
 * The Pi Molecular Orbitals of Cyclobutadiene
 * Frost Circles
 * Aromaticity Practice Quizzes

19 REACTIONS OF AROMATIC MOLECULES

 * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Introduction
 * Activating and Deactivating Groups In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
 * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - The Mechanism
 * Ortho-, Para- and Meta- Directors in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
 * Understanding Ortho, Para, and Meta Directors
 * Why are halogens ortho- para- directors?
 * Disubstituted Benzenes: The Strongest Electron-Donor "Wins"
 * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions (1) - Halogenation of Benzene
 * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions (2) - Nitration and Sulfonation
 * EAS Reactions (3) - Friedel-Crafts Acylation and Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
 * Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reactions
 * Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (NAS)
 * Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (2) - The Benzyne Mechanism
 * Reactions on the "Benzylic" Carbon: Bromination And Oxidation
 * The Wolff-Kishner, Clemmensen, And Other Carbonyl Reductions
 * More Reactions on the Aromatic Sidechain: Reduction of Nitro Groups and the
   Baeyer Villiger
 * Aromatic Synthesis (1) - "Order Of Operations"
 * Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives (2) - Polarity Reversal
 * Aromatic Synthesis (3) - Sulfonyl Blocking Groups
 * Birch Reduction
 * Synthesis (7): Reaction Map of Benzene and Related Aromatic Compounds
 * Aromatic Reactions and Synthesis Practice
 * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Practice Problems

20 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

 * What's The Alpha Carbon In Carbonyl Compounds?
 * Nucleophilic Addition To Carbonyls
 * Aldehydes and Ketones: 14 Reactions With The Same Mechanism
 * Wittig Reaction
 * Imines - Properties, Formation, Reactions, and Mechanisms
 * All About Enamines
 * Hydrates, Hemiacetals, and Acetals
 * Carbonyl Chemistry: 10 Key Concepts (Part 1)
 * Carbonyls: 10 key concepts (Part 2)
 * Acid Catalysis Of Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Too Much Of A Good Thing?
 * Breaking Down Carbonyl Reaction Mechanisms: Anionic Nucleophiles (Part 1)
 * Breaking Down Carbonyl Reaction Mechanisms: Reactions of Anionic Nucleophiles
   (Part 2)
 * Aldehydes Ketones Reaction Practice

21 CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES

 * Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (With Negatively Charged Nucleophiles)
 * Carbonyl Mechanisms: Neutral Nucleophiles, Part 1
 * Carbonyl chemistry: Anionic versus Neutral Nucleophiles
 * Proton Transfers Can Be Tricky
 * Let's Talk About the [1,2] Elimination
 * Carbonyl Chemistry: Learn Six Mechanisms For the Price Of One
 * Summary Sheet #5 - 9 Key Mechanisms in Carbonyl Chemistry
 * Summary Sheet #7 - 21 Carbonyl Mechanisms on 1 page
 * How Reactions Are Like Music
 * Making Music With Mechanisms (PADPED)
 * The Magic Wand of Proton Transfer
 * The Power of Acid Catalysis
 * Amide Hydrolysis
 * Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Practice Questions

22 ENOLS AND ENOLATES

 * Keto-Enol Tautomerism
 * Enolates - Formation, Stability, and Simple Reactions
 * Kinetic Versus Thermodynamic Enolates
 * Aldol Addition and Condensation Reactions
 * Reactions of Enols - Acid-Catalyzed Aldol, Halogenation, and Mannich
   Reactions
 * Claisen Condensation and Dieckmann Condensation
 * Decarboxylation
 * The Malonic Ester and Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
 * The Robinson Annulation
 * Haloform Reaction
 * The Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky Reaction
 * Enols and Enolates Practice Quizzes

23 AMINES

 * The Amide Functional Group: Properties, Synthesis, and Nomenclature
 * Basicity of Amines And pKaH
 * 5 Key Basicity Trends of Amines
 * The Mesomeric Effect And Aromatic Amines
 * Nucleophilicity of Amines
 * Alkylation of Amines (Sucks!)
 * Reductive Amination
 * The Gabriel Synthesis
 * Some Reactions of Azides
 * The Hofmann Elimination
 * The Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangements
 * The Cope Elimination
 * Protecting Groups for Amines - Carbamates
 * The Strecker Synthesis of Amino Acids
 * Introduction to Peptide Synthesis
 * Reactions of Diazonium Salts: Sandmeyer and Related Reactions
 * Amine Practice Questions

24 CARBOHYDRATES

 * D and L Notation For Sugars
 * Pyranoses and Furanoses: Ring-Chain Tautomerism In Sugars
 * What is Mutarotation?
 * Reducing Sugars
 * The Big Damn Post Of Carbohydrate-Related Chemistry Definitions
 * The Haworth Projection
 * Converting a Fischer Projection To A Haworth (And Vice Versa)
 * Reactions of Sugars: Glycosylation and Protection
 * The Ruff Degradation and Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis
 * Carbohydrates Practice
 * Amino Acid Quizzes

25 FUN AND MISCELLANEOUS

 * Organic Chemistry GIFS - Resonance Forms
 * Organic Chemistry and the New MCAT
 * A Gallery of Some Interesting Molecules From Nature
 * The Organic Chemistry Behind "The Pill"
 * Maybe they should call them, "Formal Wins" ?
 * Planning Organic Synthesis With "Reaction Maps"
 * Organic Chemistry Is Shit
 * The 8 Types of Arrows In Organic Chemistry, Explained
 * The Most Annoying Exceptions in Org 1 (Part 1)
 * The Most Annoying Exceptions in Org 1 (Part 2)
 * Reproducibility In Organic Chemistry
 * Screw Organic Chemistry, I'm Just Going To Write About Cats
 * On Cats, Part 1: Conformations and Configurations
 * On Cats, Part 2: Cat Line Diagrams
 * The Marriage May Be Bad, But the Divorce Still Costs Money
 * Why Do Organic Chemists Use Kilocalories?
 * What Holds The Nucleus Together?
 * 9 Nomenclature Conventions To Know


ALWAYS RIGOROUS...

Molecular Orbital Interactions In Diels-Alder Reactions


OFTEN IRREVERENT...

How Do We Know Methane Is Tetrahedral?


OCCASIONALLY PROFANE

Organic Chemistry Is Shit


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weeks before finals and ended up getting an A in the class!

Paul G.

Cincinnati Public High School

I am a high school teacher in Cincinnati. I always start my class on MOC.

Courtney E.

Central Washington University

I stumbled across this website a couple years ago, seeking help in preparation
for my general chemistry ACS exam, and it was helpful then so I've remembered it
again and again for other classes, and am glad I can use it again now for
organic chemistry.

Marie B.

Florida Atlantic U.

Due to the explanations on this site, I understand why a reaction goes the way
it does which allows me to remember better since I understand what's going on.

Ivana

Chemistry Olympiad

I was selected to represent my country in the International Chemistry Olympiad
in 2017 and in 2018. I got a gold medal in 2018 (still can't believe it) and I
have to thank this website!

Corbin K.

Utah State University

I love everything I've used so far. I used the reaction guide for O Chem 1, and
it saved my butt.

Zina Z.

Gonzaga

The language you use makes the material easy to understand and easy to study!
Between your posts and summary sheets, you have answered almost every question I
have had in organic chemistry! MOC is such a lifesaver (and grade-saver)!

Steve K.

St. Joseph's University

I'm a biologist who has worked in chem labs most of my career. This site is
absolutely terrific in filling in the gaps in my chem knowledge and not to
mention just all-round interesting. Keep up the good work!

Ben N.

Virginia Commonwealth University

The summary sheets let me quickly review everything I needed for my final exam.
I was able to score a 54/70 on a final where the class average was 20/70.

Abby M.

Lee University

I made an A in my Organic 2 class - this website was an invaluable resource!!
Thanks so much.

Manuel E. (with Nobel Laureate Kip Thorne)

East Los Angeles College

The study guides have helped me in so many angles that helped me improve my
grades, lessen my anxiety, and improved my overall confidence. Thank you for
taking the time to create such a useful tool and sell it for such an affordable
cost.

Rafael S.

Binghampton U.

These guides are awesome. Clear and concise. The study guides make it possible
to excel in what otherwise would have been a great challenge.

Brendan F.

Fordham U.

With the help of MOC, I ultimately received A’s in all of my organic lectures in
labs, scored in the 99th percentile of the ACS exam (65/70 = 93%) and scored a
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on the MCAT. Thank you.

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University of South Florida

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Wayne State University

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University of Pittsburgh

MOC was my best friend this past semester. Wouldn’t have gotten an A- without
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University of Buffalo

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West Chester University

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Luke D.

LaMar University

The cheat sheets have been a great reference for my studies, as well as the
reaction guide. Would probably not have made an A last semester without it (I
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Eric E.

Saint Louis University

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it was not very helpful, this site breaks it down into bite size pieces and
explains frequent places of confusion to get the in depth understanding, AND
provides cheat sheets for review of the overarching concepts. This is just
awesome.

Callie O.

Augusta U.

Thank you so much for such an awesome site! This is the reason I got an A in
ochem one and two! Thank you!

Chris M.

McMurdo Station, Antarctica

The site has been especially helpful for me in teaching basic O-chem and
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TaraRochfordNutrition.com

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necessary courses and steps to become a registered dietician. Thank you so much!

Kaitlyn M.

Penn State University

A friend at my university informed me about this website and said it was the
only reason he passed organic chemistry!

Christian M.

Duke U.

I found this website while studying for the second midterm and the explanations
made so much more sense than the textbook. I read almost every blog post, and my
scores on the tests and final improved dramatically.

Michelle T.

Simon Fraser University

Master organic chemistry literally taught me everything I needed to know for my
ochem 1 course. I just wish I found it earlier! Would've helped me so much on my
midterm.

Kailey N.

California State University Long Beach

This website has become my savior. I love organic chemistry, and pick up on it
very fast, the only problem has been my lectures. Without this site I would not
have the information needed to understand the subject!

Paige J.

Wright State University

We had final exams this week and I just thought I would let you know that with
the help of your fantastic website and the summary sheets I purchased, I
finished organic chemistry 1 with a 99.5 average . Classmates were upset with me
for being the curve buster. I blamed it on you and derected many of them to
check out your website!

Carmen T.

University of Connecticut

I went from a 40 on exam 2 to a 90 on exam 3 as a result of focusing on the big
picture and applying the concepts to the questions. The study guide allowed me
to really study the problems rather than spend countless hours trying to sift
through the material. I also ended up with a B+ in the class!

Justina C.

Cal State East Bay

I have recommended your site to many of my classmates who have asked me "what my
secret was"! Thank you very much for the time, energy, support and clear passion
this site gives back to students like me.

Matthew T.

Colorado State University

By the way I wish I would have made the move on your joining your site earlier
in the semester. It would have made things a little bit easier. I joined about 2
weeks before finals and ended up getting an A in the class!

Paul G.

Cincinnati Public High School

I am a high school teacher in Cincinnati. I always start my class on MOC.

Courtney E.

Central Washington University

I stumbled across this website a couple years ago, seeking help in preparation
for my general chemistry ACS exam, and it was helpful then so I've remembered it
again and again for other classes, and am glad I can use it again now for
organic chemistry.

Marie B.

Florida Atlantic U.

Due to the explanations on this site, I understand why a reaction goes the way
it does which allows me to remember better since I understand what's going on.

Ivana

Chemistry Olympiad

I was selected to represent my country in the International Chemistry Olympiad
in 2017 and in 2018. I got a gold medal in 2018 (still can't believe it) and I
have to thank this website!

Corbin K.

Utah State University

I love everything I've used so far. I used the reaction guide for O Chem 1, and
it saved my butt.

Zina Z.

Gonzaga

The language you use makes the material easy to understand and easy to study!
Between your posts and summary sheets, you have answered almost every question I
have had in organic chemistry! MOC is such a lifesaver (and grade-saver)!

Steve K.

St. Joseph's University

I'm a biologist who has worked in chem labs most of my career. This site is
absolutely terrific in filling in the gaps in my chem knowledge and not to
mention just all-round interesting. Keep up the good work!

Ben N.

Virginia Commonwealth University

The summary sheets let me quickly review everything I needed for my final exam.
I was able to score a 54/70 on a final where the class average was 20/70.

Abby M.

Lee University

I made an A in my Organic 2 class - this website was an invaluable resource!!
Thanks so much.

Manuel E. (with Nobel Laureate Kip Thorne)

East Los Angeles College

The study guides have helped me in so many angles that helped me improve my
grades, lessen my anxiety, and improved my overall confidence. Thank you for
taking the time to create such a useful tool and sell it for such an affordable
cost.

Rafael S.

Binghampton U.

These guides are awesome. Clear and concise. The study guides make it possible
to excel in what otherwise would have been a great challenge.


CASE STUDIES OF SUCCESSFUL STUDENTS

Last semester I had the pleasure of working with “Chris” (a pseudonym) on
second-semester organic chemistry topics. Before we met, Chris had already
obtained a

How Helena Got 93 In Organic Chemistry An Australian reader, Helena, recently
wrote to say she’d earned a 93 in her organic chemistry class as

Over the past few weeks I’ve been corresponding with loyal reader Serge, who was
happy to report to me recently that his exam grades are

see more case studies


FROM THE BLOG

November 9, 2021 · James Ashenhurst


REACTION MAPS NOW AVAILABLE

May 13, 2021 · James Ashenhurst


350 EXAMPLES OF CLASSIC ORG 1/ORG 2 REACTIONS FROM “ORGANIC SYNTHESES”

October 2, 2020 · James Ashenhurst


ORGANIC CHEMISTRY GIFS – RESONANCE FORMS

BLOG


JAMES ASHENHURST

FOUNDER, MASTER ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

After doing a Ph. D. in organic synthesis at McGill and a postdoc at MIT, I
applied for faculty positions at universities during the Great Recession. It
didn’t work out. But having seen first-hand how many people struggled with the
subject (including myself when I took it as an undergraduate) I thought there
was a need for an online organic chemistry resource that had all the rigor of a
traditional textbook, but was more approachable and accessible.

Drawing on the experience of thousands of hours spent tutoring students 1-on-1,
as well as dozens of case studies, Master Organic Chemistry aims to fill in some
of the conceptual gaps that aren’t traditionally covered by textbooks, and
provide a friendly, logical and thorough pathway for learning introductory
organic chemistry.




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