phys.org Open in urlscan Pro
2001:48c8:17:1::55  Public Scan

Form analysis
7 forms found in the DOM

GET https://phys.org/search/

<form class="header-search ml-auto ml-lg-0" action="https://phys.org/search/" method="get">
  <fieldset class="header-search__group">
    <input name="search" class="header-search__field" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
    <input name="s" class="header-search__field" type="hidden" value="0">
    <button class="header-search__submit" type="submit">
      <svg>
        <use xlink:href="#search" x="0" y="0"></use>
      </svg>
    </button>
  </fieldset>
  <button type="button" class="header-search__show mr-4 mr-sm-5 mx-md-5">
    <svg>
      <use xlink:href="#search" x="0" y="0"></use>
    </svg>
  </button>
</form>

---

POST https://sciencex.com/profile/login/

<form method="post" action="https://sciencex.com/profile/login/">
  <input type="hidden" name="status" value="login">
  <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="1">
  <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="https://phys.org/news/2022-11-animals-key-world-forests-long-term.html">
  <div class="text-center px-lg-2">
    <div class="mb-3">
      <div data-focus="input" class="login-form-item">
        <div class="login-form-icon">
          <i class="icon login_field_email"></i>
        </div>
        <!-- icon -->
        <input name="email" type="text" class="form-control input-styled input-email" placeholder="email" required="">
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- col -->
    <div class="mb-3">
      <div data-focus="input" class="login-form-item">
        <div class="login-form-icon">
          <i class="icon login_field_password"></i>
        </div>
        <!-- icon -->
        <input name="password" type="password" class="form-control input-styled input-password" placeholder="password" required="">
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- col -->
    <div class="mb-3 text-left">
      <div data-focus="input" class="login-form-item">
        <input class="modal-custom-form__checkbox bg-white" name="rememberMe" type="checkbox" id="log_persistent" checked="checked">
        <label for="log_persistent">Remember me</label>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- col -->
    <div class="mt-2 mb-2 mb-lg-3">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary btn-block">Sign In</button>
    </div>
    <p class="mb-2 mb-lg-3">
      <a href="https://sciencex.com/profile/login/" class="login-link">
                           Click here to sign in with
                               <svg>
                                   <use xlink:href="#logo_fb" x="0" y="0"></use>
                               </svg>
                                   or
                                <svg>
                                   <use xlink:href="#logo_google" x="0" y="0"></use>
                               </svg>
                         </a>
    </p>
    <p class="mb-2 mb-lg-3">
      <a href="https://sciencex.com/profile/pwdreset/">Forget Password?</a>
    </p>
    <div class="mb-2 mb-lg-3">
      <a href="https://sciencex.com/profile/register/" class="btn btn-sm btn-white btn-block">Not a member?
                           <b>Sign up</b>
                         </a>
    </div>
    <p>
      <a class="font-weight-normal" href="https://sciencex.com/help/account/">Learn more</a>
    </p>
  </div>
  <!-- col -->
</form>

---

Name: feedback — https://sciencex.com/api/story/feedback/588603301/

<form class="modal-custom-form" name="feedback" action="https://sciencex.com/api/story/feedback/588603301/" novalidate="">
  <div class="modal-body">
    <div class="form-group">
      <p class="article-main__more p-4 mb-4"> Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our
        <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/feedback/" target="_blank">contact form</a>. For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/comments/" target="_blank">adhere to guidelines</a>). </p>
      <p>Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request</p>
      <select name="type" class="form-control" required="">
        <optgroup>
          <option hidden="" disabled="" selected="" value="spam"> -- please select one -- </option>
          <option value="general">Compliments / Critique</option>
          <option value="typo">Typos / Errors / Inaccuracies</option>
          <option value="request">Edit / Removal request</option>
        </optgroup>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="modal-feedback-message">Your message to the editors</label>
      <textarea name="comments" class="form-control no-resize" id="modal-feedback-message" rows="6" required=""></textarea>
    </div>
    <div class="row align-items-end">
      <div class="col-md-7">
        <div class="form-group mb-0">
          <label for="modal-feedback-email">Your email (only if you want to be contacted back)</label>
          <input type="email" name="emailFrom" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-feedback-email" placeholder="optional">
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-auto ml-auto text-center text-md-left mt-4 mt-md-0">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning text-bold text-low-up px-5">Send Feedback</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="message p-3 d-none">
    <p>Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors.</p>
    <p>Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. </p>
  </div>
</form>

---

Name: email — POST https://sciencex.com/api/story/email/588603301/

<form class="modal-custom-form" name="email" method="post" action="https://sciencex.com/api/story/email/588603301/" novalidate="">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="modal-email-frend">Your friend's email</label>
        <input type="email" name="emailTo" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-email-frend" value="" required="">
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="modal-email-self">Your email</label>
        <input type="email" name="emailFrom" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-email-self" required="">
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-12">
      <div class="form-group">
        <input type="checkbox" name="nwletter" value="1" id="modal-email-subscribe" class="modal-custom-form__checkbox">
        <label for="modal-email-subscribe"> I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/newsletter/" class="text-info" target="_blank">Learn more</a>
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="modal-email-name">Your name</label>
        <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-email-name">
      </div>
      <div class="modal-custom-email__notice mb-4 mb-md-0">
        <h6 class="text-low mb-2">Note</h6>
        <p class="text-low text-regular"> Your email address is used <strong>only</strong> to let the recipient know who sent the email. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. The information you enter
          will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. </p>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-6">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="modal-email-message">Your message</label>
        <textarea name="comments" class="form-control no-resize" id="modal-email-message" rows="8"></textarea>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-12">
      <small class="text-warning" id="email-error"></small>
    </div>
    <div class="col-auto mx-auto mt-4">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning text-low-up">Send</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

---

Name: popup-nwletter — #

<form action="#" name="popup-nwletter" class="form-row mt-4 d-ie-block">
  <div class="col-12 mb-2">
    <h4 class="text-extra-large mb-4">Newsletter sign up</h4>
    <p class="text-low-up text-regular"> Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties. </p>
  </div>
  <div class="col-8 mb-4">
    <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" aria-describedby="emailHelp" placeholder="Email">
  </div>
  <div class="col-4">
    <input type="hidden" name="project" value="physorg">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-block btn-warning border-bold">Subscribe</button>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <p>
      <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/newsletter/" class="popup-cookies-more pr-4" target="_blank">More information</a>
      <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/privacy/" class="popup-cookies-more" target="_blank">Privacy policy</a>
    </p>
  </div>
</form>

---

Name: nwsubscribe — #

<form action="#" name="nwsubscribe" class="footer-form">
  <div class="form-row align-items-start">
    <div class="col-7 mb-4">
      <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" aria-describedby="emailHelp" placeholder="Email">
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      <input type="hidden" name="project" value="physorg">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-block btn-info border-bold">Subscribe</button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-row">
    <div class="col mb-4">
      <span id="emailHelp" class="form-text text-low-up text-regular">
        <a class="footer-document" href="https://sciencex.com/help/newsletter/">
                                                Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox
                                            </a>
      </span>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

---

Name: nwsubscribe —

<form class="row mb-4" name="nwsubscribe">
  <div class="col-sm-8">
    <div class="form-group">
      <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="nw-email" placeholder="email" required="">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-sm-4">
    <input type="hidden" name="project" value="physorg">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-block btn-info text-low-up">Subscribe</button>
  </div>
</form>

---

Text Content

Topics
 * Week's top
 * Latest news
 * Unread news
 * Subscribe




SCIENCE X ACCOUNT

Remember me
Sign In

Click here to sign in with or

Forget Password?

Not a member? Sign up

Learn more

 * Nanotechnology
 * Physics
 * Earth
 * Astronomy & Space
 * Chemistry
 * Biology
 * Other Sciences
 * Medicine
 * Technology

 * 

 * share this!

 * 140

 * 29

 * Share

 * Email

 1. Home
 2. Biology
 3. Plants & Animals

 1. Home
 2. Biology
 3. Ecology

 * 
 * 
 * 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

November 25, 2022


ANIMALS ARE KEY TO RESTORING THE WORLD'S FORESTS, LONG-TERM DATA SET REVEALS

by Max Planck Society

A coati forages on palm fruits in a secondary forest, Panama. Credit: Christian
Ziegler / Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior

As UN climate talks close in Egypt and biodiversity talks begin in Montreal,
attention is on forest restoration as a solution to the twin issues roiling our
planet. Forests soak up atmospheric carbon dioxide and simultaneously create
habitat for organisms. So far, efforts to help forests bounce back from
deforestation have typically focused on increasing one thing—trees—over anything
else.



But a new report uncovers a powerful, yet largely overlooked, driver of forest
recovery: animals. The study by an international team from the Max Planck
Institute of Animal Behavior, Yale School of the Environment, the New York
Botanical Garden, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute examined a
series of regenerating forests in central Panama spanning 20 to 100 years
post-abandonment.

The unique long-term data set revealed that animals, by carrying a wide variety
of seeds into deforested areas, are key to the recovery of tree species richness
and abundance to old-growth levels after only 40-70 years of regrowth. The
article, published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, is part
of a theme issue focused on forest landscape restoration as part of the UN
Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.

"Animals are our greatest allies in reforestation," says Daisy Dent, a tropical
ecologist from MPI-AB and the study's senior author. "Our study prompts a
rethink of reforestation efforts to be about more than just establishing plant
communities."

The report also notes that situating regenerating forests near patches of old
growth, and reducing hunting, encourages animals to colonize and establish. "We
show that considering the wider ecosystem, as well as features of the landscape,
improves restoration efforts," says Sergio Estrada-Villegas, a biologist now at
Universidad del Rosario (Bogotá, Colombia) and the study's first author.

Seed dispersal by animals is key to forest expansion. In the tropics, over 80%
of tree species can be dispersed by animals, which transport seeds throughout
the landscape. Despite this, forest restoration efforts continue to focus on
increasing tree cover rather than reestablishing the animal-plant interactions
that underpin ecosystem function. "Figuring out how animals contribute to
reforestation is prohibitively hard because you need detailed information about
which animals eat which plants," says Estrada-Villegas.

The forest at the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM), in the Panama Canal,
offers a unique solution to this problem. In one of the best studied tropical
forests in the world, generations of scientists at have documented frugivore
interactions to understand which groups of animals disperse which tree species.

In the present study, the team led by Estrada-Villegas and Dent examined this
unique long-term dataset to determine the proportion of plants dispersed by four
groups of animals—flightless mammals, large birds, small birds, and bats—and how
this proportion changed over a century of natural restoration.

Their results offer the most detailed data of animal seed dispersal recovery
across the longest timeframe of natural restoration. "Most studies examine the
first 30 years of succession, but our data spanning 100 years gives us a rare
glimpse into what happens in the late phase of restoration," says Dent.

The study found that young regenerating forests were made up mostly of trees
dispersed by small birds. But as the forest aged, trees dispersed by larger
birds increased. Surprisingly, however, the majority of plants were dispersed by
terrestrial mammals across all forest ages—from 20 years old to old growth.

"This result is quite unusual for post-agricultural regenerating forests," says
Dent. "It is likely that the presence of large tracts of preserved forests near
our secondary stands, coupled with low hunting, has allowed the mammal
populations to thrive and to bring an influx of seeds from neighboring patches."

Estrada-Villegas says, "We hope this information can help practitioners to
structure their restoration practices by enabling frugivorous species to help
the restoration process and speed up forest recovery."

More information: Sergio Estrada-Villegas et al, Animal seed dispersal recovery
during passive restoration in a forested landscape, Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2022). DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0076

Journal information: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Provided by Max Planck Society

Citation: Animals are key to restoring the world's forests, long-term data set
reveals (2022, November 25) retrieved 1 December 2022 from
https://phys.org/news/2022-11-animals-key-world-forests-long-term.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the
purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the
written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Explore further

Endangered fruit-eating animals play an outsized role in a tropical
forest—losing them could have dire consequences

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

171 shares

 * Facebook

 * Twitter

 * Email

Feedback to editors

 * Featured
 * Last Comments
 * Popular

DRIVE MALE STALK-EYED FLIES FOUND TO AVOID FERTILITY REDUCTION BY INCREASING
SIZE OF TESTES

17 hours ago

0

COCAINE SYNTHESIZED IN A TOBACCO PLANT

17 hours ago

2

THE OBSERVATION OF AN ANOMALOUS HALL EFFECT IN ALTERMAGNETIC RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE

19 hours ago

0

TWO NEW YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS DISCOVERED

20 hours ago

0

THOUSANDS OF PHAGES FOUND TO HAVE CRISPR GENE EDITING SYSTEM

Nov 29, 2022

1







--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NEW CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED FOAM PROMISES SUPERIOR PROTECTION AGAINST CONCUSSIONS

1 hour ago

STUDY ILLUMINATES MOLECULES AIDING COMMUNICATION INSIDE CELLS

1 hour ago

LOST MEDIEVAL CHAPEL SHEDS LIGHT ON ROYAL BURIALS AT WESTMINSTER ABBEY, FINDS
NEW STUDY ON 15TH-CENTURY RECONSTRUCTION

9 hours ago

MALE ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS FIGHT LESS IN FEMALE-DOMINATED COLONIES, FINDS STUDY OF
SPIDER COOPERATION

11 hours ago

RESEARCHERS DEMONSTRATE LIGHT-INDUCED LOCOMOTION IN A NONLIQUID ENVIRONMENT AND
REPORT A NEW TYPE OF LIQUID-LIKE MOTION

12 hours ago

AMATEUR SCIENTISTS HAVE HELPED ASTRONOMERS IDENTIFY NEARLY A QUARTER-MILLION
GALAXIES SO FAR

12 hours ago

PHYSICISTS PRODUCE SYMMETRY-PROTECTED MAJORANA EDGE MODES ON QUANTUM COMPUTER

12 hours ago

ACCELERATING PLASTIC DEGRADATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT: STUDY RESEARCHES HEAT
RESISTANCE OF ENZYMES

13 hours ago

MACHINE-LEARNING MODEL INSTANTLY PREDICTS POLYMER PROPERTIES

13 hours ago

ARCHEOLOGISTS FIND ANCIENT PERUVIAN FRESCO, LOST FOR A CENTURY

14 hours ago



 * 1
 * 2


 * RELATED STORIES
   
   ENDANGERED FRUIT-EATING ANIMALS PLAY AN OUTSIZED ROLE IN A TROPICAL
   FOREST—LOSING THEM COULD HAVE DIRE CONSEQUENCES
   
   Oct 12, 2022
   
   HALF OF REPLANTED TROPICAL TREES DON'T SURVIVE, NEW STUDY FINDS
   
   Nov 14, 2022
   
   TROPICAL FORESTS REGROW SURPRISINGLY FAST
   
   Dec 09, 2021
   
   15 WAYS TO REFOREST THE PLANET: INTERNATIONAL SCIENTISTS CALL FOR DECADE OF
   GLOBAL ACTION
   
   Nov 15, 2022
   
   AMAZON FOREST DISTURBANCE IS CHANGING HOW PLANTS ARE DISPERSED
   
   Feb 18, 2020
   
   RESEARCHERS: IF LEFT ALONE, TROPICAL FORESTS CAN RECOVER ON THEIR OWN
   SURPRISINGLY FAST
   
   Feb 08, 2022


 * RECOMMENDED FOR YOU
   
   ANATOMY OF A SUPERORGANISM: ANT PUPAE SECRETE FLUID AS 'MILK' TO NURTURE
   YOUNG LARVAE
   
   17 hours ago
   
   MALE ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS FIGHT LESS IN FEMALE-DOMINATED COLONIES, FINDS STUDY
   OF SPIDER COOPERATION
   
   11 hours ago
   
   MICROFIBERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA ARE FLOATING HOMES FOR BACTERIA
   
   14 hours ago
   
   LARGE TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO ACOUSTIC IMPACT OF DRONES
   THAN TO VISUAL IMPACT
   
   16 hours ago
   
   THE SEX LIVES OF BOWERBIRDS: BANDING TOGETHER MAY PAY OFF FOR SUBORDINATE
   MALES
   
   15 hours ago
   
   NEW RESEARCH UNLOCKS CLUES ABOUT THE ICONIC FLIGHT OF THE WANDERING ALBATROSS
   
   16 hours ago


Load comments (0)


LET US KNOW IF THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH OUR CONTENT

Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send
an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use
our contact form. For general feedback, use the public comments section below
(please adhere to guidelines).

Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your
request

-- please select one -- Compliments / Critique Typos / Errors / Inaccuracies
Edit / Removal request
Your message to the editors
Your email (only if you want to be contacted back)
Send Feedback

Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors.

Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual
replies due to the high volume of messages.

E-MAIL THE STORY

ANIMALS ARE KEY TO RESTORING THE WORLD'S FORESTS, LONG-TERM DATA SET REVEALS

Your friend's email
Your email
I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. Learn more
Your name

NOTE

Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email.
Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other
purpose. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not
retained by Phys.org in any form.

Your message
Send



NEWSLETTER SIGN UP

Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. You can unsubscribe at
any time and we'll never share your details to third parties.


Subscribe

More information Privacy policy


MEDICAL XPRESS

Medical research advances and health news


TECH XPLORE

The latest engineering, electronics and technology advances


SCIENCE X

The most comprehensive sci-tech news coverage on the web


NEWSLETTERS

Subscribe
Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you
to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox


FOLLOW US

 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 

 * Top
 * Home
 * Search
 * Mobile version

 * Help
 * FAQ
 * About
 * Contact

 * Science X Account
 * Sponsored Account
 * Archive
 * News wire

 * Android app
 * iOS app
 * RSS feeds
 * Push notification

© Phys.org 2003 - 2022 powered by Science X Network
Privacy policy Terms of use

YOUR PRIVACY

This site uses cookies to assist with navigation, analyse your use of our
services, collect data for ads personalisation and provide content from third
parties. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand
our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

Ok Cookie options

E-MAIL NEWSLETTER

Subscribe

FOLLOW US

 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 

It appears that you are currently using Ad Blocking software. What are the
consequences? ×