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forumslasopa

I had mixed feelings about whether The Three Stooges could be successfully
re-imagined and revitalised for a modern audience. When the first.

The Three Stooges
The Three Stooges in 1936:
(clockwise from left) Larry Fine, Curly Howard, and Moe Howard
MediumVaudeville, film, televisionNationalityAmericanYears
active1922–1970GenresFarce, slapstick, musical comedyFormer members

The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from 1922
until 1970, best known for their 190 short subject films by Columbia Pictures
that have been regularly airing on television since 1958. Their hallmark was
physicalfarce and slapstick. Six stooges appeared over the act's run (with only
three active at any given time): Moe Howard and Larry Fine were mainstays
throughout the ensemble's nearly fifty-year run and the pivotal 'third stooge'
was played by (in order of appearance) Shemp Howard, Curly Howard, Shemp Howard
again, Joe Besser, and 'Curly' Joe DeRita.
The act began in the early 1920s as part of a vaudeville comedy act billed as
'Ted Healy and His Stooges', consisting originally of Healy and Moe Howard. Over
time, they were joined by Moe's brother Shemp Howard, and then Larry Fine. The
four appeared in one feature film, Soup to Nuts, before Shemp left to pursue a
solo career. He was replaced by his and Moe's younger brother, Jerome 'Curly'
Howard, in 1932. Two years later, after appearing in several movies, the trio
left Healy and signed on to appear in their own short-subject comedies for
Columbia Pictures, now billed as 'The Three Stooges'. From 1934 to 1946, Moe,
Larry and Curly produced over 90 short films for Columbia. It was during this
period that the three were at their peak popularity.
Curly suffered a debilitating stroke in May 1946, and Shemp returned,
reconstituting the original lineup, until his death of a heart attack on
November 22, 1955. Film actor Joe Palma was used as a stand-in to complete four
Shemp-era shorts under contract (the maneuver thereafter became known as the
'fake Shemp'). Columbia contract player Joe Besser joined as the third Stooge
for two years (1956–57), departing in 1958 to nurse his ailing wife after
Columbia terminated its shorts division. The studio then released all the shorts
via Screen Gems, Columbia's television studio and distribution unit. Screen Gems
then syndicated the shorts to television, whereupon the Stooges became one of
the most popular comedy acts of the early 1960s.
Comic actor Joe DeRita became 'Curly Joe' in 1958, replacing Besser for a new
series of full-length theatrical films. With intense television exposure, the
act regained momentum throughout the 1960s as popular kids' fare, until Fine's
paralyzing stroke in the midst of filming a pilot for a Three Stooges TV series
in January 1970. Fine died in 1975 after a further series of strokes. Attempts
were made to revive the Stooges with longtime supporting actor Emil Sitka in
Fine's role in 1970, and again in 1975, but this attempt was cut short by Moe
Howard's death on May 4, 1975.
* 1History
* 1.2Columbia years
* 8Home media
* 11In other media
* 11.5Television
* 11.6Film

HISTORY[EDIT]

TED HEALY AND HIS STOOGES (1922–1934)[EDIT]

The Three Stooges began in 1922 as part of a raucous vaudeville act called 'Ted
Healy and His Stooges' (also known as 'Ted Healy and His Southern Gentlemen' and
'Ted Healy and His Racketeers').[1]Moe Howard (born Moses Harry Horwitz) joined
Healy's act in 1922, and his brother Shemp Howard (Samuel Horwitz) came aboard a
few months later.[2] In 1928, violinist-comedian Larry Fine (Louis Feinberg)
also joined the group.[3] In the act, lead comedian Healy would attempt to sing
or tell jokes while his noisy assistants would keep 'interrupting' him, causing
Healy to retaliate with verbal and physical abuse.Ted Healy and His Stooges
(plus comedian Fred Sanborn) appeared in their first Hollywood feature film,
Soup to Nuts (1930), released by Fox Film Corporation. The film was not a
critical success, but the Stooges' performances were singled out as memorable,
leading Fox to offer the trio a contract, minus Healy.[4] This enraged Healy,
who told studio executives that the Stooges were his employees, and the offer
was withdrawn. Howard, Fine and Howard learned of the offer and subsequent
withdrawal and left Healy to form their own act (billed as 'Howard, Fine &
Howard' or 'Three Lost Souls').[5] The act quickly took off with a tour of the
theater circuit.[4] Healy attempted to stop the new act with legal action,
claiming that they were using his copyrighted material. There are accounts of
Healy threatening to bomb theaters if Howard, Fine and Howard ever performed
there, which worried Shemp so much that he almost left the act; reportedly, only
a pay raise kept him on board.[6]
Healy tried to save his act by hiring replacement stooges, but they were
inexperienced and not as well-received as their predecessors.[6] Healy reached a
new agreement with his former Stooges in 1932, with Moe now acting as business
manager, and they were booked in a production of Jacob J. Shubert's The Passing
Show of 1932.[4] During rehearsals, Healy received a more lucrative offer and
found a loophole in his contract allowing him to leave the production.[6] Shemp,
fed up with Healy's abrasiveness, bad temper, and heavy drinking,[6] decided to
quit the act and toured in his own comedy revue for several months, and then
landed at Vitaphone Studios in May 1933, appearing in movie comedies produced in
Brooklyn, New York, for the next four years.[4]
Healy and Joan Crawford with the Three Stooges in MGM's Dancing Lady (1933)
With Shemp gone, Healy and the two remaining stooges (Moe and Larry) needed a
replacement, so Moe suggested his younger brother Jerry Howard. Healy reportedly
took one look at Jerry, who had long chestnut-red hair and a handlebar mustache,
and remarked that he did not look like he was funny.[6] Jerry left the room and
returned a few moments later with his head shaved (though his mustache remained
for a time), and then quipped 'Boy, do I look girly.' Healy heard 'Curly', and
the name stuck.[4] (There are varying accounts as to how the Curly character
actually came about.)[4]
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) signed Healy and his Stooges to a movie contract in
1933. They appeared in feature films and short subjects, either together,
individually, or with various combinations of actors. The trio was featured in a
series of musical comedy shorts, beginning with Nertsery Rhymes. The short was
one of a few shorts to be made with an early two-strip Technicolor process,
including one featuring Curly without Healy or the other Stooges, Roast Beef and
Movies (1934). The shorts themselves were built around recycled Technicolor film
footage of production numbers cut from MGM musicals, such as Children of
Pleasure, Lord Byron of Broadway and the unfinished March of Time (all 1930).
Soon, additional shorts followed (sans the experimental Technicolor), including
Beer and Pretzels (1933), Plane Nuts (1933), Hello Pop! (1933), Jail Birds of
Paradise (1934) and The Big Idea (1934).[4]
Healy and company also appeared in several MGM feature films as comic relief,
such as Turn Back the Clock (1933), Meet the Baron (1933), Dancing Lady (1933)
(with Joan Crawford, Clark Gable, Fred Astaire and Robert Benchley), Fugitive
Lovers (1934) and Hollywood Party (1934). Healy and the Stooges also appeared
together in Myrt and Marge for Universal Pictures.[4]
In 1934, the team's contract expired with MGM, and the Stooges parted
professional company with Healy. According to Moe Howard's autobiography,[7] the
split was precipitated by Healy's alcoholism and abrasiveness. Their final film
with Healy was MGM's Hollywood Party (1934). Both Healy and the Stooges went on
to separate successes, with Healy dying under mysterious circumstances in
1937.[4]

COLUMBIA YEARS[EDIT]

MOE, LARRY, AND CURLY (1934–1946)[EDIT]

Disorder in the Court (1936), one of four frequently broadcast Stooges shorts in
the public domain
In 1934, the trio—now officially named 'The Three Stooges'—signed on to appear
in two-reel comedy short subjects for Columbia Pictures. Moe wrote in his
autobiography that they each received $600 per week (equal to $11,237 today) on
a one-year contract with a renewable option;[7] in the Ted Okuda–Edward Watz
book The Columbia Comedy Shorts, the Stooges are said to have received $1,000
among them for their first Columbia effort, Woman Haters (1934), and then signed
a term contract for $7,500 per film (equal to $140,466 today), to be divided
among the trio.[8]
Within their first year at Columbia, the Stooges became very popular. Realizing
this, Columbia Pictures president Harry Cohn used the Stooges as leverage, as
the demand for their films was so great that he eventually refused to supply
exhibitors with the trio's shorts unless they also agreed to book some of the
studio's mediocre B movies.[8] Cohn also saw to it that the Stooges remained
ignorant of their popularity.[8] During their 23 years at Columbia, the Stooges
were never completely aware of their amazing drawing power at the box office.[8]
Their contracts with the studio included an open option that had to be renewed
yearly, and Cohn would tell them that the short subjects were in decline, which
was not a complete fabrication (Cohn's yearly mantra was 'the market for comedy
shorts is dying out, fellas'). The Stooges thought that their days were numbered
and would sweat it out each year, with Cohn renewing their contract at the last
moment. This deception kept the insecure Stooges unaware of their true value,
resulting in them having second thoughts about asking for a better contract
without a yearly option. Cohn's scare tactics worked for all 23 years that the
Stooges were at Columbia; the team never once asked for a salary increase – nor
were they ever given one.[8] It was not until after they stopped making the
shorts in December 1957 that Moe learned of Cohn's tactics, what a valuable
commodity the Stooges had been for the studio and how many millions more the act
could have earned.[8] Columbia offered theater owners an entire program of
two-reel comedies (15–25 titles annually) featuring such stars as Buster Keaton,
Andy Clyde, Charley Chase and Hugh Herbert, but the Stooge shorts were the most
popular of all.[6]
The Stooges were required to release up to eight short films per year within a
40-week period; for the remaining 12 weeks, they were free to pursue other
employment, time that was either spent with their families or touring the
country to promote their live act.[9] The Stooges appeared in 190 film shorts
and five features while at Columbia, outlasting every one of their
contemporaries employed in the short-film genre. Del Lord directed more than
three dozen Stooge films, Jules White directed dozens more and his brother Jack
White directed several under the pseudonym 'Preston Black'. Silent film star
Charley Chase also shared directorial responsibilities with Lord and White.[8]
The Stooge films made between 1935 and 1941 captured the team at their peak,
according to film historians Ted Okuda and Edward Watz, authors of The Columbia
Comedy Shorts. Nearly every film produced became a classic in its own right. Hoi
Polloi (1935) adapted the premise of Pygmalion, with a stuffy professor making a
bet that he can transform the uncultured trio into refined gentlemen; the
plotline worked so well that it was reused twice, as Half-Wits Holiday (1947)
and Pies and Guys (1958). Three Little Beers (1935) featured the Stooges running
amok on a golf course to win prize money. Disorder in the Court (1936) features
the team as star witnesses in a murder trial. Violent is the Word for Curly
(1938) was a quality Chase-directed short that featured the musical interlude
'Swingin' the Alphabet'. In A Plumbing We Will Go (1940)—one of the team's
quintessential comedies—the Stooges are cast as plumbers who nearly destroy a
socialite's mansion, causing water to exit every appliance in the home.[8] Other
entries of the era are considered among the team's finest work, including
Uncivil Warriors (1935), A Pain in the Pullman and False Alarms (both 1936),
Grips, Grunts and Groans, The Sitter Downers, Dizzy Doctors (all 1937), Tassels
in the Air (1938), We Want Our Mummy (1939), Nutty but Nice (1940), and An Ache
in Every Stake and In the Sweet Pie and Pie (both 1941).[8]
With the onset of World War II, the Stooges released several entries that poked
fun at the rising Axis powers. You Nazty Spy! (1940) and its sequel I'll Never
Heil Again (1941) lampooned Hitler and the Nazis at a time when America was
still neutral. Moe was cast as 'Moe Hailstone', an Adolf Hitler-like character,
with Curly playing a Hermann Göring character (replete with medals) and Larry a
Joachim von Ribbentrop-type ambassador. The film is revered by Stooge
aficionados as well as the Stooges themselves; Moe, Larry and director Jules
White considered You Nazty Spy! their best film.[10] Yet, these efforts indulged
in a deliberately formless, non-sequitur style of verbal humor that was not the
Stooges' forte, according to Okuda and Watz.
Other wartime entries have their moments, such as They Stooge to Conga
(considered the most violent Stooge short),[11]Higher Than a Kite, Back From the
Front (all 1943), Gents Without Cents (1944) and the anti-Japanese The Yoke's on
Me (also 1944). However, taken in bulk, the wartime films are considered less
funny than what preceded them.[8]No Dough Boys (1944) is often considered the
best of these farces. The team, made up as Japanese soldiers for a photo shoot,
is mistaken for genuine saboteurs by a Nazi ringleader (Vernon Dent, the
Stooges' primary foil). The highlight of the film features the Stooges engaging
in nonsensical gymnastics (the real spies are renowned acrobats) for a skeptical
group of enemy agents.[8]
The World War II era also brought on rising production costs that resulted in a
reduced number of elaborate gags and outdoor sequences, Del Lord's stock in
trade; as such, the quality of the team's films (particularly those directed by
Lord) began to slip after 1942. According to Okuda and Watz, entries such as
Loco Boy Makes Good, What's the Matador?, Sock-A-Bye Baby (all 1942), I Can
Hardly Wait and A Gem of a Jam (both 1943) are considered to be lesser quality
works than previous films.[8]Spook Louder (1943), a remake of Mack Sennett's The
Great Pie Mystery (1931), is sometimes cited as the Stooges' worst film because
of its repetitious and rehashed jokes.[8]Three Smart Saps (1942), a film
considered to be an improvement, features a reworking of a routine from Harold
Lloyd's The Freshman (1925), in which Curly's loosely basted suit begins to come
apart at the seams while he is on the dance floor.[8]
The Stooges made occasional guest appearances in feature films, though generally
they were restricted to their short subjects. Most of the Stooges' peers had
either made the transition from shorts to features films (Laurel and Hardy, The
Ritz Brothers) or had been starring their own feature films from the onset (Marx
Brothers, Abbott and Costello). However, Moe believed that the team's firebrand
style of humor worked better in short form. In 1935, Columbia proposed to star
them in their own full-length feature, but Moe rejected the idea saying, 'It's a
hard job inventing, rewriting, or stealing gags for our two-reel comedies for
Columbia Pictures without having to make a seven-reeler (feature film). We can
make short films out of material needed for a starring feature and then we
wouldn't know whether it would be funny enough to click.'[12]
Film critics have cited Curly as the most popular member of the team.[6] His
childlike mannerisms and natural comedic charm (he had no previous acting
experience) made him a hit with audiences, particularly children and women (the
latter usually finding the trio's humor juvenile and uncouth). Because Curly had
to shave his head for the act, it led him to feel unappealing to women. To mask
his insecurities, he ate and drank to excess and caroused whenever the Stooges
made personal appearances, which was approximately seven months of each year.
His weight ballooned in the 1940s, and his blood pressure became dangerously
high.[4] Curly's wild lifestyle and constant drinking eventually caught up with
him in 1945, and his performances suffered.
During a five-month hiatus from August 1945 through January 1946, the trio
committed themselves to making a feature film at Monogram, followed by a
two-month-long live appearance gig in New York City, with performances seven
days a week. Curly also entered a disastrous third marriage in October 1945,
leading to a separation in January 1946 and divorce in July 1946. That unhappy
union wrecked his already fragile health. Upon the Stooges' return to Los
Angeles in late November 1945, Curly was a shell of his former self. They had
two months to rest before reporting back to Columbia in late January 1946, but
Curly's condition was irreversible. They had only 24 days of work over the next
three months, but eight weeks of time off could not help the situation. In those
last six shorts, ranging from Monkey Businessmen (1946) through Half-Wits
Holiday (1947), Curly was seriously ill, struggling to get through even the most
basic scenes.[6]
During the final day of filming Half-Wits Holiday (1947) on May 6, 1946, Curly
suffered a debilitating stroke on the set, ending his 14-year career. They hoped
for a full recovery, but Curly never appeared in a film again except for a
single cameo appearance in the third film after Shemp returned to the trio, Hold
That Lion! (1947). It was the only film that contained all four of the original
Stooges (the three Howard brothers and Larry) on screen simultaneously.
According to Jules White, this anomaly came about when Curly visited the set one
day, and White had him do this bit for fun. (Curly's cameo appearance was
recycled in the remake Booty and the Beast, 1953.)[7]
A thinner Curly (with a full head of hair and false handlebar mustache) as the
cook in Malice in the Palace (1949). His scene was deleted from the final
release.
In 1949, Curly filmed a brief scene for Malice in the Palace (1949) as the
restaurant's cook, but it was not used. Jules White's copy of the script
contained the dialogue for this missing scene, and a production still of Curly
does exist, appearing on both the film's original one-sheet and lobby card.[13]
Larry played the role of the cook in the final print.[4]

SHEMP'S RETURN (1946–1955)[EDIT]

The Stooges with Shemp (center) from Malice in the Palace (1949)
Moe asked older brother Shemp to take Curly's place, but Shemp was hesitant to
rejoin the Stooges as he was enjoying a successful solo career.[14] He realized,
however, that not rejoining the Stooges would mean the end of Moe's and Larry's
film careers. Shemp wanted assurance that rejoining them would be only
temporary, and that he could leave the Stooges once Curly recovered. However,
Curly's health continued to deteriorate, and it became clear that he could not
return. Shemp resumed being a Stooge. Curly remained ill until his death of a
cerebral hemorrhage from additional strokes on January 18, 1952.[4]
Shemp appeared with the Stooges in 76 shorts and a low-budget Western comedy
feature titled Gold Raiders (1951) in which the screen time was evenly divided
with B-picture cowboy hero George O'Brien. Shemp's return improved the quality
of the films, as the previous few had been marred by Curly's sluggish
performances. Entries such as Out West (1947), Squareheads of the Round Table
(1948) and Punchy Cowpunchers (1950) proved that Shemp could hold his own. New
director Edward Bernds, who joined the team in 1945 when Curly was failing,
sensed that routines and plotlines that worked well with Curly as the comic
focus did not fit Shemp's persona, and allowed the comedian to develop his own
Stooge character. Jules White, however, persisted in employing the 'living
cartoon' style of comedy that reigned during the Curly era. White would force
either Shemp or Moe to perform similar gags and mannerisms originated by Curly,
resulting in what appeared to be lackluster imitation.[15] Most acutely, it
created the 'Curly vs. Shemp' debate that overshadowed the act upon Curly's
departure.[16][17][18] The Stooges lost some of their charm and inherent appeal
to children after Curly retired, but some excellent films were produced with
Shemp, an accomplished solo comedian who often performed best when allowed to
improvise on his own.[15]
The films from the Shemp era contrast sharply with those from the Curly era,
largely owing to the individual directing styles of Bernds and White.[15] From
1947 to 1952, Bernds hit a string of successes, including Fright Night (1947),
The Hot Scots, Mummy's Dummies, Crime on Their Hands (all 1948), A Snitch in
Time (1950), Three Arabian Nuts (1951) and Gents in a Jam (1952). Two of the
team's finest efforts were directed by Bernds: Brideless Groom (1947) and Who
Done It? (1949). White also contributed a few fair entries, such as Hold That
Lion! (1947), Hokus Pokus (1949), Scrambled Brains (1951), A Missed Fortune and
Corny Casanovas (both 1952).
Another benefit from the Shemp era was that Larry was given more time on screen.
Throughout most of the Curly era, Larry was relegated to a background role, but
by the time that Shemp rejoined the Stooges, Larry was allotted equal footage,
even becoming the focus of several films, in particular Fuelin' Around (1949)
and He Cooked His Goose (1952).[8]
The Shemp years also marked a major milestone: the Stooges' first appearance on
television. In 1948, they guest-starred on Milton Berle's popular Texaco Star
Theater and Morey Amsterdam's The Morey Amsterdam Show. By 1949, the team filmed
a pilot for ABC-TV for their own weekly television series, titled Jerks of All
Trades. Columbia Pictures blocked the series from going into production, but
allowed the Stooges to make television guest appearances. The team went on to
appear on Camel Comedy Caravan (also known as The Ed Wynn Show), The Kate Smith
Hour, The Colgate Comedy Hour, The Frank Sinatra Show and The Eddie Cantor
Comedy Theatre, among others.[12]
In 1952, the Stooges lost some key players at Columbia Pictures. The studio
decided to downsize its short-subject division, resulting in producer Hugh
McCollum being discharged and director Edward Bernds resigning out of loyalty to
McCollum. Bernds had been contemplating his resignation for some time, as he and
Jules White were often at odds. Screenwriter Elwood Ullman followed suit,
leaving only White to both produce and direct the Stooges' remaining Columbia
comedies.[12] Not long after, the quality of the team's output markedly declined
with White now assuming complete control over production. DVD Talk critic Stuart
Galbraith IV commented that 'the Stooges' shorts became increasingly
mechanical...and frequently substituted violent sight gags for story and
characterization.'[19] Production was also significantly faster, with the former
four-day filming schedules now tightened to two or three days. In another
cost-cutting measure, White would create a 'new' Stooge short by borrowing
footage from old ones, setting it in a slightly different storyline and filming
a few new scenes often with the same actors in the same costumes. White was
initially very subtle when recycling older footage: he would reuse only a single
sequence of old film, re-edited so cleverly that it was not easy to detect. The
later shorts were cheaper and the recycling more obvious, with as much as 75% of
the running time consisting of old footage. White came to rely so much on older
material that he could film the 'new' shorts in a single day. New footage filmed
in order to link older material suffered from White's wooden directing style and
penchant for telling his actors how to act. Shemp, in particular, disliked
working with White after 1952.[8]
Three years after Curly's death, Shemp died of a heart attack at age 60 on
November 22, 1955 during a taxi ride home with a friend after attending a boxing
match. Moe was stunned and contemplated disbanding the Stooges. However, Cohn
reminded him that the team owed Columbia four additional films with Shemp.
Recycled footage, combined with new footage utilizing Columbia supporting player
Joe Palma (see also Fake Shemp) as Shemp's double, filmed from behind, was used
to complete the last four films originally planned with Shemp: Rumpus in the
Harem, Hot Stuff, Scheming Schemers and Commotion on the Ocean (all released in
1956).[4]

JOE BESSER REPLACES SHEMP (1956–1958)[EDIT]

After Shemp's death, Moe and Larry were again in need of a third Stooge. Several
comedians were considered, including noted African-American actor Mantan
Moreland,[20] but Columbia insisted on a comedian already under contract.[4]
They decided on Joe Besser, who appeared in the final 16 Stooge shorts at
Columbia. Besser had been starring in his own short-subject comedies for the
studio since 1949 and appeared in supporting roles in a variety of movies,
making his persona sufficiently well known.
Besser had noted how one side of Larry Fine's face appeared 'calloused',[21] so
he had a clause in his contract specifically prohibiting him from being hit
beyond an infrequent tap (though this restriction was later lifted). Besser was
the only Stooge other than Curly who dared to hit Moe back in retaliation. 'I
usually played the kind of character who would hit others back,' Besser
recalled.[15]
Despite Besser's prolific film and stage career, Stooge entries featuring him
have often been tagged as the team's weakest.[8] During his tenure, the films
were assailed as questionable models for youth, and in response began to
resemble television sitcoms.[12] Sitcoms, however, were available for free on
television, making the short film a throwback to a bygone era. Besser was a
talented comic, and was quite popular as 'Stinky' on The Abbott and Costello
Show. However, his whining mannerisms and lack of slapstick punishment against
him did not quite blend with the Stooges' brand of humor,[8] though his presence
did create a verbal friction between Moe and Larry that improved their mutually
insulting banter.[12] Times had changed, and Besser was not solely to blame for
the quality of these final entries; the scripts were rehashes of earlier
efforts, the budgets were lower and Moe's and Larry's advanced ages prohibited
them from performing the physical comedy that was their trademark.[8] Besser had
suggested that Moe and Larry comb their hair back to give them a more
gentlemanly appearance. Both Moe and Jules White approved of the idea, but used
it sparingly in order to match the old footage in films that were remakes.[12]
Despite their lukewarm reception, the Besser shorts did have their comedic
moments. In general, the remakes had the traditional Stooges knockabout look and
feel, such as 1958's Pies and Guys (a scene-for-scene remake of Half-Wits
Holiday, which itself was a reworking of the earlier Hoi Polloi), Guns a Poppin
(1957), Rusty Romeos (1957) and Triple Crossed (1959).[12] In contrast, Hoofs
and Goofs, Horsing Around and Muscle Up a Little Closer (all 1957) mostly
resembled the sitcoms of the era. A Merry Mix Up (also 1957) and Oil's Well That
Ends Well (1958) are also amusing, while the musical Sweet and Hot (1958)
deserves some credit for straying from the norm. The American space craze also
led to three entries focusing on space travel: Space Ship Sappy, Outer Space
Jitters (both 1957) and Flying Saucer Daffy (1958).[8]
Columbia was the last studio still producing live-action and two-reel short
films (other studios were still making animated one-reelers well into the 1960s,
but the Stooges' last live-action competition, one-reel series Joe McDoakes, had
ended its run in 1956), and the market for such films had all but dried up. As a
result, the studio opted not to renew the Stooges' contract when it expired in
December 1957. The final comedy produced was Flying Saucer Daffy, filmed on
December 19–20, 1957.[9] Several days later, the Stooges were unceremoniously
fired from Columbia Pictures after 24 years of making low-budget shorts.
No formal goodbyes or congratulatory celebrations occurred in recognition of
their work and of the money that their comedies had earned for the studio. Moe
visited Columbia several weeks after the dismissal to say goodbye to several
executives. But without the current year's studio pass, Moe was refused entry,
later stating that it was a crushing blow to his pride.[4]
The studio had enough completed Stooge films to be released over the next 18
months, though not in the order in which they were produced. The final Stooge
release, Sappy Bull Fighters, did not reach theaters until June 4, 1959. With no
active contract in place, Moe and Larry discussed plans for a personal
appearance tour. In the meantime, Besser's wife suffered a minor heart attack
and he preferred to stay local, leading him to withdraw from the act.
After Besser's departure, Moe and Larry began looking for potential
replacements. Larry suggested former Ted Healy stooge Paul 'Mousie' Garner, but
based on his tryout performance, Moe later remarked that he was 'completely
unacceptable'. Weeks later, Larry came across burlesque performer Joe DeRita,
and thought he would be a good fit.[4]

COMEBACK WITH JOE DERITA (1958–1970)[EDIT]

The early days of television provided movie studios a place to unload a backlog
of short films that they thought otherwise unmarketable, and the Stooge films
seemed perfect for the burgeoning genre. ABC had even expressed interest as far
back as 1949, purchasing exclusive rights to 30 of the trio's shorts and
commissioning a pilot for a potential series, Jerks of All Trades.[22] However,
the success of television revivals for such names as Laurel and Hardy, Woody
Woodpecker, Popeye, Tom and Jerry and the Our Gang series in the late 1950s led
Columbia to cash in again on the Stooges. In September 1958, Columbia's
television subsidiary Screen Gems offered a package consisting of 78 Stooge
shorts (primarily from the Curly era), which were well received.[23] An
additional 40 shorts hit the market in April 1959; by September 1959, all 190
Stooge shorts were airing regularly. With so many films available for broadcast,
daily television airings provided heavy exposure aimed squarely at children.
Parents who had grown up seeing the same films in the theaters began to watch
alongside their children and, before long, Howard, Fine and DeRita were in high
demand.[8] After it was discovered that the Curly-era shorts were the most
popular, Moe suggested that DeRita shave his head to accentuate his slight
resemblance to Curly Howard.[4] He adopted first a crew cut and later a
completely shaven head, thus becoming 'Curly Joe'.
The Stooges with Curly Joe DeRita (left) in 1959.
This lineup, now frequently referred to as 'Larry, Moe and Curly Joe,' starred
in six full-length feature films from 1959 to 1965: Have Rocket, Will Travel
(1959), Snow White and the Three Stooges (1961), The Three Stooges Meet Hercules
(1962), The Three Stooges in Orbit (1962), The Three Stooges Go Around the World
in a Daze (1963) and The Outlaws IS Coming! (1965). The films were aimed at the
kiddie-matinee market, and most were black-and-whitefarce outings in the Stooge
tradition, with the exception of Snow White and the Three Stooges, a children's
fantasy in color. They also appeared in an extremely brief cameo as firemen (a
role that Larry, Moe, and Shemp had also played in the pre-'Three Stooges' film
Soup to Nuts in 1930) in the film It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), and in
a larger capacity that same year in 4 for Texas starring Frank Sinatra and Dean
Martin. Throughout the early 1960s, the Stooges were one of the most popular and
highest-paid live acts in America.[15]
The Stooges also tried their hand at another weekly television series in 1960
titled The Three Stooges Scrapbook, filmed in color and with a laugh track. The
first episode, 'Home Cooking', featured the boys rehearsing for a new television
show. Like Jerks of All Trades in 1949, the pilot did not sell. However, Norman
Maurer was able to reuse the footage (reprocessed in black and white) for the
first ten minutes of The Three Stooges in Orbit.[4]
The trio also filmed 41 short comedy skits for The New Three Stooges in 1965,
which features a series of 156 animated cartoons produced for television. The
Stooges appeared in live-action color footage, which preceded and followed each
animated adventure in which they voiced their respective characters.[4]
During this period, The Stooges appeared on numerous television shows including
The Steve Allen Show, Here's Hollywood, Masquerade Party, The Ed Sullivan Show,
Danny Thomas Meets the Comics, The Joey Bishop Show,[24]Off to See the Wizard
and Truth or Consequences.

FINAL YEARS (1970–1975)[EDIT]

In late 1969, Howard, Fine and DeRita began production on another half-hour
pilot, this time for a syndicated 39-episode TV series titled Kook's Tour,[25] a
combination travelogue-sitcom that had the 'retired' Stooges traveling to
various parts of the world with the episodes filmed on location. On January 9,
1970, during production of the pilot, Larry suffered a paralyzing stroke, ending
his acting career along with plans for the television series. The pilot was
unfinished and several key shots were missing, but producer Norman Maurer edited
the available footage and made the pilot a 52-minute special that was released
to the Cartrivisionvideocassette home video market in 1973.[25] It is the last
film in which the Stooges appeared and the last known performance of the
team.[25]
Following Larry Fine's stroke, plans were made for Emil Sitka to replace him in
a new feature film, written by Moe Howard's grandson, Jeffrey Scott [Maurer],
titled Make Love, Not War. Moe Howard, Joe DeRita and Emil Sitka were cast as
POWs in a World War II Japanese prison camp, plotting an escape with fellow
prisoners. The film would have been a departure from typical Stooge fare, with
dark-edged humor and scenes of war violence, but insufficient funding prevented
production from advancing beyond the script stage.[26]
Also in 1970, Joe DeRita recruited vaudeville veterans Frank Mitchell and Mousie
Garner to tour as The New Three Stooges.[27] Garner had worked with Ted Healy as
one of his 'replacement stooges' decades earlier and was briefly considered as
Joe Besser's replacement in 1958.[4][28] Mitchell had also replaced Shemp as the
'third stooge' in a 1929 Broadway play and appeared in two of the Stooges' short
subjects in 1953. The act fared poorly with minimal bookings.[29] By this time,
Moe's wife had prevailed on him to retire from performing slapstick due to his
age. For the next several years, Moe appeared regularly on talk shows and did
speaking engagements at colleges, while DeRita quietly retired.
Larry suffered another stroke in mid-December 1974, and four weeks later an even
more massive one. After slipping into a coma, he died a week later from a
cerebral hemorrhage on January 24, 1975.[4]
Before Larry's death, the Stooges were scheduled to co-star in the R-rated film
Blazing Stewardesses, featuring Moe and Curly Joe with Emil Sitka in the middle
spot as Harry, Larry's brother. The team was signed and publicity shots were
taken, but one week prior to March's filming date, Moe was diagnosed with lung
cancer and the Stooges had to back out; he died on May 4, 1975. Producer Sam
Sherman briefly considered having former Stooge Joe Besser appear in his place,
but ultimately decided against it.[27] The surviving Ritz Brothers replaced the
Stooges and performed much of their act's schtick, including the precision dance
routine first seen in Sing, Baby, Sing (1936), co-starring original Stooge
leader Ted Healy.[30]
As for the remaining original replacement stooges, Joe Besser died of heart
failure on March 1, 1988, followed by Joe DeRita of pneumonia on July 3, 1993.
Emil Sitka was announced as a Stooge but never performed as such; he died on
January 16, 1998, six months after being disabled by a stroke.

LEGACY AND PERSPECTIVE[EDIT]

Over half a century since their last short film was released, the Three Stooges
remain popular with audiences. Their films have never left American television
since first appearing in 1958, and they continue to delight old fans while
attracting new viewers. They were a hard-working group of comedians who were
never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes
in their careers that would have permanently sidelined a less persistent act.[8]
The Stooges would not have lasted as long as they did as a unit without Moe
Howard's guiding hand.[4]
The Ted Okuda and Edward Watz book The Columbia Comedy Shorts puts the Stooges'
legacy in critical perspective:
Many scholarly studies of motion picture comedy have overlooked the Three
Stooges entirely — and not without valid reasoning. Aesthetically, the Stooges
violated every rule that constitutes 'good' comedic style. Their characters
lacked the emotional depth of Charlie Chaplin and Harry Langdon; they were never
as witty or subtle as Buster Keaton. They were not disciplined enough to sustain
lengthy comic sequences; far too often, they were willing to suspend what little
narrative structure their pictures possessed in order to insert a number of
gratuitous jokes. Nearly every premise they have employed (spoofs of westerns,
horror films, costume melodramas) has been done to better effect by other
comedians. And yet, in spite of the overwhelming artistic odds against them,
they were responsible for some of the finest comedies ever made. Their humor was
the most undistilled form of low comedy; they were not great innovators, but as
quick laugh practitioners, they place second to none. If public taste is any
criterion, the Stooges have been the reigning kings of comedy for over fifty
years.[8]
Beginning in the 1980s, the Stooges finally began to receive critical
recognition. The release of nearly all their films on DVD by 2010 has allowed
critics of Joe Besser and Joe DeRita — often the recipients of significant fan
backlash — to appreciate the unique style of comedy that both men brought to the
Stooges. In addition, the DVD market has allowed fans to view the entire Stooge
film corpus as distinct periods in their long, distinguished career rather than
unfairly comparing one Stooge to another (the Curly vs. Shemp debate continues
to this day).[16][17][18]

The team appeared in 220 films, but it is the durability of the 190 short films
the Stooges made at Columbia Pictures that acts as an enduring tribute to the
comedy team.[8] American television personalitySteve Allen went on record in
1984 saying, 'Although they never achieved widespread critical acclaim, they did
succeed in accomplishing what they had always intended to do: they made people
laugh.'[31]
On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed The Three Stooges among
hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008
Universal fire.[32]

SOCIAL COMMENTARY, SATIRE, AND USE OF LANGUAGE[EDIT]

Although the Three Stooges slapstick comedy was primarily arranged around basic
plots dealing with more mundane issues of daily life, a number of their shorts
featured social commentary or satire. The Stooges were often anti-heroical
commentators on the class divisions and economic hardships of the Great
Depression in the United States. They were usually under- or unemployed and
sometimes homeless or living in shanty towns.
The language used by the Three Stooges was more slang-laden than that of typical
feature films of the period and deliberately affected a lower class status with
use of crude terms, ethnic mannerisms, and inside jokes.
An example of this is the use of the initials A.K. for big shots and mucky
mucks. A.K. was an inside joke which stood for Alte Kocker (Lit: elderly person
who is defecating), a Yiddish idiom which means an old man or woman of
diminished capacity who can no longer do the things they used to do.
Much of the 'gibberish' that the stooges sometimes spoke was actually the Jewish
language of Yiddish. The most famous example of this occurs 15 minutes into the
1938 short Mutts to You. Moe and Larry were impersonating Chinese laundrymen in
an attempt to fool the local cop. While being questioned Larry says 'Ech Bin A
China Boychic Frim Slobatkya-Gebernya Hak Mir Nisht Ken Tshaynik And I Dont Mean
Efsher'. This translates as 'I'm a China boy from Slobatkya Gebernya (Jewish
European City in the 19-20th century) stop annoying me and I don't mean maybe.'
One important area of political commentary was in the area of the rise of
totalitarianism in Europe, notably in the directly satirical You Nazty Spy! and
I'll Never Heil Again, both released before United States' entry into World War
II despite an industry Production Code that advocated avoiding social and
political issues and the negative portrayal of foreign countries.

LINEUPS ON FILM[EDIT]

YearsMoeLarryShempCurlyJoeCurly Joe1930–19321932–19461946–19551956–19581958–1970

Moe HowardReal name: Moses Harry HorwitzBorn: June 19, 1897Died: May 4, 1975
(aged 77)Cause of death: Lung cancerStooge years: 1922–1970Resting place:
Hillside Memorial Park CemeteryLarry FineReal name: Louis FeinbergBorn: October
5, 1902Died: January 24, 1975 (aged 72)Cause of death: StrokeStooge years:
1925–1970Resting place: Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)Shemp HowardReal
name: Samuel HorwitzBorn: March 11, 1895Died: November 22, 1955 (aged 60)Cause
of death: Heart attackStooge years: 1922–1932, 1946–1955Resting place: Home of
Peace CemeteryCurly HowardReal name: Jerome Lester HorwitzBorn: October 22,
1903Died: January 18, 1952 (aged 48)Cause of death: Cerebral hemorrhageStooge
years: 1932–1946Resting place: Home of Peace CemeteryJoe BesserBorn: August 12,
1907Died: March 1, 1988 (aged 80)Cause of death: Heart failureStooge years:
1956–1958Resting place: Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)Curly Joe DeRitaReal
name: Joseph WardellBorn: July 12, 1909Died: July 3, 1993 (aged 83)Cause of
death: PneumoniaStooge years: 1958–1970Resting place: Valhalla Memorial Park
Cemetery

FILMOGRAPHY[EDIT]

The Three Stooges appeared in 220 films through their career. Of those 220, 190
short films were made for Columbia Pictures, for which the trio are best known
today. Their first Columbia film, Woman Haters, premiered on May 5, 1934. Their
contract was extended each year until the final one expired on December 31,
1957. The last 8 of the 16 shorts with Joe Besser were released over the next 18
months. The final release, Sappy Bull Fighters, premiered on June 4, 1959.

C3 ENTERTAINMENT, INC.[EDIT]

In 1959, Comedy III Productions (later, C3 Entertainment) was formed by Moe,
Larry and Joe DeRita to manage all business and merchandise transactions. Now
controlled by DeRita's heirs, C3 Entertainment has since diversified into a
brand management company licensing personality rights to various nostalgia acts,
including The Three Stooges.

TELEVISION[EDIT]

Larry, Moe and Curly Joe in a 1962 TV ad promoting their earlier short subjects,
though DeRita never appeared in any
A handful of Three Stooges shorts first aired on television in 1949, on the
American Broadcasting Company (ABC) network. It was not until 1958 that Screen
Gems packaged 78 shorts for national syndication; the package was gradually
enlarged to encompass the entire library of 190 shorts. In 1959, KTTV in Los
Angeles purchased the Three Stooges films for air, but by the early 1970s, rival
station KTLA began airing the Stooges films, keeping them in the schedule until
early 1994. The Family Channel ran the shorts as part of their Stooge TV block
from February 19, 1996, to January 2, 1998. In the late 1990s, AMC had held the
rights to the Three Stooges shorts, originally airing them under a programming
block called 'Stooges Playhouse'. In 1999, it was replaced with a program called
N.Y.U.K. (New Yuk University of Knuckleheads), which starred actor/comedian
Leslie Nielsen. The program would show three random Stooge shorts. Nielsen hosts
the program as a college instructor, known as the Professor of Stoogelogy, who
teaches to the students lectures on the Three Stooges before the Stooges' shorts
air. The block aired several shorts often grouped by a theme, such as similar
schtick used in different films. Although the block was discontinued after AMC
revamped their format in 2002, the network still ran Stooges shorts
occasionally. The AMC run ended when Spike TV picked them up in 2004, airing
them in their Stooges Slap-Happy Hour every Saturday and Sunday mornings. On
June 6, 2005 the network began running the Stooges Slap-Happy as a one-hour
summer comedy block which ended on September 2, 2005. By 2007, the network had
discontinued the block. Although Spike did air Stooges shorts for a brief period
of time after the block was canceled, as of late April 2008, the Stooges had
disappeared from the network's schedule entirely. The Three Stooges returned on
December 31, 2009, on AMC, starting with the 'Countdown with the Stooges' New
Year's Eve marathon. AMC planned to put several episodes on their website in
2010. The 'Stooges' shorts were best known in Chicago as a part of a half hour
late afternoon show on WGN-TV hosted by Bob Bell as 'Andy Starr' in the 1960s.
Since the 1990s Columbia and its television division's successor, Sony Pictures
Television, has preferred to license the Stooges shorts to cable networks,
precluding the films from being shown on local broadcast TV. Two stations in
Chicago and Boston, however, signed long-term syndication contracts with
Columbia years ago and have declined to terminate them. Thus, WMEU-CD in Chicago
aired all 190 Three Stooges shorts on Saturday afternoons and Sunday evenings
until 2014. WSBK-TV in Boston airs Stooge shorts and feature films, including an
annual New Year's Evemarathon. KTLA in Los Angeles dropped the shorts in 1994,
but brought them back in 2007 as part of a special retro-marathon commemorating
the station's 60th anniversary. Since that time, the station's original 16mm
Stooges film prints have aired occasionally as part of mini-marathons on
holidays. Antenna TV, a network broadcasting on the digital subchannels of local
broadcast stations (owned by Tribune Broadcasting, who also owns KTLA), began
airing the Stooges shorts upon the network's January 1, 2011 launch, which ran
in multi-hour blocks on weekends through December 29, 2012; most of the Three
Stooges feature films are also broadcast on the network, through Antenna TV's
distribution agreement with Sony Pictures Entertainment (whose Columbia Pictures
subsidiary released most of the films). While the network stopped airing Stooges
shorts regularly from 2013 to 2015, they were occasionally shown as filler if a
movie ran short, as well as in holiday marathons. However, the shorts returned
to Antenna TV's regular lineup on January 10, 2015. In 2019, The Three Stooges
were picked up by Me-TV as part of their lineup.
Some films have been colorized by two separate companies. The first colorized
DVD releases, distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, were prepared by
West Wing Studios in 2004. The following year, Legend Films colorized the public
domain shorts Malice in the Palace, Sing a Song of Six Pants, Disorder in the
Court and Brideless Groom. Disorder in the Court and Brideless Groom also
appears on two of West Wing's colorized releases. In any event, the
Columbia-produced shorts (aside from the public domain films) are handled by
Sony Pictures Entertainment, while the MGM Stooges shorts are owned by Warner
Bros. via their Turner Entertainment division. Sony offers 21 of the shorts on
their web platform Crackle, along with eleven Minisodes. Meanwhile, the rights
to the Stooges' feature films rests with the studios that originally produced
them (Columbia/Sony for the Columbia films, and 20th Century Fox for the Fox
films).

HOME MEDIA[EDIT]

Between 1980 and 1985, Columbia Pictures Home Entertainment and RCA/Columbia
Pictures Home Video released a total of thirteen Three Stooges volumes on VHS,
Betamax, Laserdisc and CED, each containing three shorts. These titles were
later reissued on VHS by its successor, Columbia TriStar Home Video, between
1993 and 1996, with a DVD reissue between 2000 and 2004.

THE THREE STOOGES COLLECTION[EDIT]

On October 30, 2007, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released a two-disc DVD
set entitled The Three Stooges Collection, Volume One: 1934–1936. The set
contains shorts from the first three years the Stooges worked at Columbia
Pictures, marking the first time ever that all 19 shorts were released in their
original theatrical order to DVD. Additionally, every short was remastered in
high definition, a first for the Stooge films. Previous DVD releases were based
on themes (wartime, history, work, etc.), and sold poorly. Fans and critics
alike praised Sony for finally giving the Stooges the proper DVD treatment. One
critic states 'the Three Stooges on DVD has been a real mix'n match hodgepodge
of un-restored titles and illogical entries. This new...boxset...seems to be the
first concerted effort to categorize their huge body of work chronologically
with many shorts seeing the digital light for the first time.'[33]
Videolibrarian.com critic added 'finally, the studio knuckleheads got it right!
The way that the Three Stooges have been presented on home video has been a real
slap in the face and poke in the eye to fans. They've been anthologized,
colorized, and public domain-ed, as their shorts have been released and
re-released in varying degrees of quality. Highly recommended.'[34] Critic James
Plath of DVDtown.com added, 'Thank you, Sony, for finally giving these Columbia
Pictures icons the kind of DVD retrospective that they deserve. Remastered in
High Definition and presented in chronological order, these short films now give
fans the chance to appreciate the development of one of the most successful
comedy teams in history.'[35]
The chronological series proved successful, and Sony wasted little time
preparing the next set for release. Volume Two: 1937–1939 was released on May
27, 2008, followed by Volume Three: 1940–1942 three months later on August 26,
2008. Demand exceeded supply, proving to Sony that they had a hit on their
hands. In response, Volume Four: 1943–1945 was released on October 7, 2008, a
mere two months after its predecessor.[36] The global economic crisis slowed
down the release schedule after Volume Four, and Volume Five: 1946–1948 was
belatedly released on March 17, 2009. Volume Five is the first in the series to
feature Shemp Howard with the Stooges and the final volume to feature Curly
Howard.[37]Volume Six: 1949–1951 was released June 16, 2009,[38] and Volume
Seven: 1952–1954 was released on November 10, 2009.[39]Volume Seven included 3-D
glasses for the two shorts: Spooks! and Pardon My Backfire. As of 2013, the 3-D
versions of the two shorts in this volume have been removed. Volume Eight:
1955–1959 was released on June 1, 2010. This was the final volume of the Stooges
collection, bringing the series to a close. Instead of two discs, Volume Eight
includes three discs. It is also the final volume to feature Shemp Howard and
the first and only volume to feature Joe Besser. For the first time in history,
all 190 Three Stooges short subjects became available to the public, uncut and
unedited.
A 20-disc DVD boxed set entitled The Three Stooges: The Ultimate Collection,
including all 190 shorts from volumes 1–8 and additional bonus material, was
released on June 5, 2012.[40]

MUSIC[EDIT]

* Several instrumental tunes were played over the opening credits at different
times in the production of the short features. The most commonly used themes
were:
* The verse portion of the Civil War era song 'Listen to the Mockingbird',
played in a comical way, complete with sounds of birds and such. This was
first used in Pardon My Scotch, their ninth short film, in 1935. (Prior to
that comedic short, the opening theme varied and was typically connected to
the storyline in some fashion.)
* 'Three Blind Mice', beginning in 1939 as a slow but straightforward
presentation (dubbed the 'sliding strings' version), often breaking into a
'jazzy' style before ending. In mid-1942, another more driving version,
complete with accordion was played fast all the way through.
* The Columbia short subject Woman Haters was done completely in rhyme, mostly
recited (not sung), in rhythm with a Jazz-Age underscore running throughout
the film, but with some key lines sung. It was sixth in a Musical Novelties
short subject series, and appropriated its musical score from the first five
films. The memorable 'My Life, My Love, My All', was originally 'At Last!'
from the film Um-Pa.
* 'Swinging the Alphabet' from Violent Is the Word for Curly is perhaps the
best-known song performed by the Stooges on film.
* The Stooges broke into a three-part harmonized version of 'Tears' ('You'll
Never Know Just What Tears Are') in Horses' Collars, A Ducking They Did Go
(in which the melody was sung by Bud Jamison) and Half Shot Shooters. The
song, which was written by Moe, Larry, Shemp, and one-time Ted Healy Stooge
Fred Sanborn, first appeared in the 1930 feature film Soup to Nuts.
* The 'Lucia Sextet' (Chi mi frena in tal momento?), from the opera Lucia di
Lammermoor by Gaetano Donizetti (announced by Larry as 'the Sextet from
Lucy'), is played on a record player and lip-synched by the Stooges in
Micro-Phonies. The same melody re-appears in Squareheads of the Round Table
as the tune of 'Oh, Elaine, can you come out tonight?'. Micro-Phonies also
includes the Johann Strauss II waltz 'Voices of Spring' ('Frühlingsstimmen')
Op. 410. Another Strauss waltz, 'The Blue Danube', is featured in Ants in the
Pantry and Punch Drunks.
* The song 'Fredric March' (named after the actor) was a favorite of director
Jules White; it appeared in at least seven different Columbia shorts:
* Termites of 1938 – The Stooges 'play' this song on a violin, flute, and
string bass at a dinner party in an attempt to attract mice.
* Dutiful But Dumb – Curly is hidden inside a floor-standing radio, and plays
the song on a modified harmonica.
* Three Little Twirps – Heard as background music at the circus while Moe and
Curly sell tickets.
* Idle Roomers – Curly plays the song on a trombone to calm a wolf man—who
goes berserk when he hears music.
* Gents Without Cents – Three girls perform acrobatics on stage while this
song is playing.
* Gents in a Jam – Shemp and Moe have a problem with a radio that will not
stop playing this song.
* Pardon My Backfire – The song plays on a car radio.
* The Moe–Larry–Curly Joe lineup of the Stooges recorded several musical record
albums in the early 1960s. Most of their songs were adaptations of nursery
rhymes. Among their more popular recordings were 'Making a Record' (a surreal
trip to a recording studio built around the song 'Go Tell Aunt Mary'), 'Three
Little Fishes', 'All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth', 'Wreck the
Halls with Boughs of Holly', 'Mairzy Doats' and 'I Want a Hippopotamus for
Christmas'.
* In 1983, a group called the Jump 'N the Saddle Band recorded a track called
'The Curly Shuffle', which featured the narrator singing about his love of
the Stooges mixed with a chorus of many of Curly's catchphrases and sound
effects. In the mid-1980s, the song became a popular mid-game hit for New
York Mets fans in the Shea Stadium bleachers, who would dance in small groups
to the tune whenever the song was played between innings. The music video,
which featured clips of the classic Stooges shorts, was also included as a
bonus feature on one of the RCA/Columbia VHS releases.

Three feature-length Columbia releases were actually packages of older Columbia
shorts. Columbia Laff Hour (introduced in 1956) was a random assortment that
included the Stooges among other Columbia comedians like Andy Clyde, Hugh
Herbert, and Vera Vague; the content and length varied from one theater to the
next. Three Stooges Fun-o-Rama (introduced in 1959) was an all-Stooges show
capitalizing on their TV fame, again with shorts chosen at random for individual
theaters. The Three Stooges Follies (1974) was similar to Laff Hour, with a trio
of Stooge comedies augmented by Buster Keaton and Vera Vague shorts, a Batman
serial chapter, and a Kate Smith musical.

MUSEUM[EDIT]

Gary Lassin, grand-nephew-in-law of Larry Fine, opened the Stoogeum[41] in 2004,
in a renovated architect's office in Spring House, Pennsylvania, 25 miles (40
km) north of Philadelphia. The exhibits fill three stories, including an 85-seat
theater.[42] Peter Seely, editor of the book Stoogeology: Essays on the Three
Stooges said that the Stoogeum has 'more stuff than I even imagined existed.'
2,500 people visit it yearly, many during the annual Three Stooges Fan Club
gathering in April.[citation needed]

IN OTHER MEDIA[EDIT]

COMIC BOOKS[EDIT]

Over the years, several Three Stooges comics were produced.
* St. John Publications published the first Three Stooges comics in 1949 with 2
issues, then again in 1953–54 with 7 issues.
* Dell Comics published a Three Stooges series first as one-shots in their Four
Color Comics line for five issues, then gave them a numbered series for four
more issues (#6–9). With #10, the title would be published by Gold Key
Comics. Under Gold Key, the series lasted through issue #55 in 1972.
* Gold Key Comics then published the Little Stooges series (7 issues, 1972–74)
with story and art by Norman Maurer, Moe's son-in-law. This series featured
the adventures of three fictional sons of the Three Stooges, as sort of
modern-day teen-age versions of the characters.
* Eclipse Comics published the Three-D Three Stooges series (3 issues,
1986–1987) which reprinted stories from the St. John Publications series.[43]
* Malibu Comics did a couple of one-shot comics, reprinting stories from the
Gold Key Comics in 1989 and 1991.
* Eternity Comics published a one-shot comic book called The Three Stooges in
3-D in 1991, reprinting four stories from the Gold Key series.
* Bluewater Comics issued a biographical comic in 2011 which followed the lives
and careers of the group.
* American Mythology Production publishes comics in 2017 which shows the Three
Stooges in the modern times.

PHONOGRAPH RECORDS[EDIT]

Beginning in 1959, the Three Stooges began appearing in a series of novelty
records. Their first recording was a 45 rpm single of the title song from Have
Rocket, Will Travel. The trio released additional singles and LPs on the Golden,
Peter Pan and Coral labels, mixing comedy adventure albums and off-beat
renditions of children's songs and stories. Their final recording was the 1966
Yogi Bear and the Three Stooges Meet the Mad, Mad, Mad Dr. No-No, which
incorporated the Three Stooges into the cast of the Yogi Bear cartoons.[4]

RADIO[EDIT]

Sirius XM Radio aired a special about the Stooges hosted by Tom Bergeron on
Friday, July 31, 2009, at 2:00PM on the Sirius Howard 101 channel. Bergeron had
conducted the interviews at the age of 16 back when he was still in high school
in 1971. The television host had the tapes in storage for many years and was
convinced on-air during an interview with Howard Stern to bring them in and turn
it into a special.
After finding 'the lost tapes', Bergeron brought them into Stern's production
studio. He stated that the tapes were so old that the tapes with the Larry Fine
interviews began to shred as Stern's radio engineers ran them through their cart
players. They really had only one shot, but the tapes were saved.
'The Lost Stooges Tapes' was hosted by Tom Bergeron, with modern commentary on
the almost 40-year-old interviews that he had conducted with Larry Fine and Moe
Howard. At the times of these interviews, Moe was still living at home, while
Larry had suffered a stroke and was living in a Senior Citizen's home.

SPORTS[EDIT]

Canadian-American professional wrestler Curly Moe, whose 'gimmick' was based on
Curly Howard, was a popular fan favorite in International World Class
Championship Wrestling during the early-1990s. The promotion billed Curly Moe as
the real-life nephew of Curly and Moe Howard which attracted some attention from
the media.[44] He took his gimmick from Chicago Wrestler Curly Rich who did the
gimmick in Chicago Championship Wrestling/Pro Wrestling International in 1986
and 1987 and later Windy City Wrestling in 88 and 89

TELEVISION[EDIT]

THE NEW THREE STOOGES (1965–66)[EDIT]

In addition to the unsuccessful television series pilots Jerks of All Trades,
The Three Stooges Scrapbook, and the incomplete Kook's Tour, the Stooges
appeared in an animated series, The New Three Stooges, which ran from 1965 to
1966. This series featured a mix of forty-one live-action segments which were
used as wraparounds to 156 animated Stooges shorts. The New Three Stooges became
the only regularly scheduled television show in history for the Stooges.[4]
Unlike other films shorts that aired on television, like the Looney Tunes, Tom
and Jerry, and Popeye, the film shorts of the Stooges never had a regularly
scheduled national television program to air in. When Columbia/Screen Gems
licensed the film library to television, the shorts aired in any fashion the
local stations chose (examples: late-night 'filler' material between the end of
the late movie and the channel's sign-off time; in 'marathon' sessions running
shorts back-to-back for one, one-and-a-half, or two hours; etc.) By the 1970s,
some local stations showed a Columbia short and a New Three Stooges cartoon in
the same broadcast.

THE ROBONIC STOOGES (1977–78)[EDIT]

Another animated series also produced by Hanna-Barbera, titled The Robonic
Stooges, originally seen as a featured segment on The Skatebirds (CBS,
1977–1978), featuring Moe, Larry, and Curly (voiced by Paul Winchell, Joe Baker
and Frank Welker, respectively) as bionic cartoon superheroes with extendable
limbs, similar to the later Inspector Gadget. The Robonic Stooges later aired as
a separate half-hour series, retitled The Three Robonic Stooges (each half-hour
featured two segments of The Three Robonic Stooges and one segment of Woofer &
Whimper, Dog Detectives, the latter re-edited from episodes of Clue Club, an
earlier Hanna-Barbera cartoon series).

THE THREE STOOGES (TBA)[EDIT]

On June 9, 2015, C3 Entertainment announced it is partnering with London-based
production company Cake Entertainment and animation house Titmouse, Inc. to
produce a new animated Three Stooges series, consisting of 52 11-minute
episodes. Christy Karacas (Co-creator of Superjail!) directed the pilot episode,
with Earl and Robert Benjamin, Chris Prynoski, Tom van Waveren and Edward Galton
executive producing. The series will be launched to potential buyers at the
market of the Annecy International Animated Film Festival.[45][46]

OTHER APPEARANCES[EDIT]

The Three Stooges caricature from the 1941 cartoon Hollywood Steps Out
In the October 13, 1967 'Who's Afraid of Mother Goose?' episode of ABC's
'World-of-Disney'-like anthology series Off to See the Wizard, the Three Stooges
made a short appearance as 'the three men in a tub'.
Two episodes of Hanna-Barbera's The New Scooby-Doo Movies aired on CBS featuring
animated Stooges as guest stars: the premiere, 'Ghastly Ghost Town' (September
9, 1972) and 'The Ghost of the Red Baron' (November 18, 1972).
In a 1980 episode of M*A*S*H, Charles Winchester shows disrespect for three
Korean doctors by calling them 'Moe, Larry and Curly', and says that they are
'highly-respected individuals in the States'. After Winchester throws out his
back and is unable to relieve the pain through conventional methods (in real
life, Winchester would've received an automatic medical discharge from the
United States Army), Colonel Potter has the Korean doctors try acupuncture (much
to Winchester's dismay), which cures Winchester. After the treatment, one of the
doctors tells Winchester 'Not bad for Three Stooges, huh?', having caught on to
his mistreatment of them.
In the episode 'Beware the Creeper' of The New Batman Adventures, the Joker
retreats to his hide-out after a quick fight with Batman. He yells out for his
three henchmen 'Moe? Larr? Cur?' only to find that they are not there. Shortly
after that, Batman comes across these three goons in a pool hall; they have
distinctive accents and hairstyles similar to those of Moe, Larry and Curly.
These henchmen are briefly seen throughout the rest of the season.

TELEVISION FILM (2000)[EDIT]

In 2000, long-time Stooge fan Mel Gibson executive-produced a TV film (The Three
Stooges[47]) about the lives and careers of the comedians. Playing Moe was Paul
Ben-Victor, Evan Handler was Larry, John Kassir was Shemp, and Michael Chiklis
was Curly. It was filmed in Australia and was produced for and broadcast on ABC.
It was based on Michael Fleming's authorized biography of the Stooges, The Three
Stooges: From Amalgamated Morons to American Icons. Its unflattering portrayal
of Ted Healy led Healy's son to give media interviews calling the film
inaccurate. Additional errors of fact included the portrayal that Moe Howard was
down on his luck after Columbia cancelled their contract and worked as a gofer
at the studio, where he, his brothers and Larry had formerly worked as actors.
In reality, Moe was the most careful with his money, which he invested well. He
and his wife Helen owned a comfortable house in Toluca Lake, in which they
raised their children.

FILM[EDIT]

IT'S A MAD, MAD, MAD, MAD WORLD (1963)[EDIT]

The Three Stooges (in their Curly Joe period) make a brief cameo appearance as
firemen in the 1963 film It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. An epic comedy with an
all-star cast, this film contains many cameo appearances by famous comedians.

THE THREE STOOGES (2012)[EDIT]

A film featuring the Three Stooges, titled The Three Stooges, started production
on March 14, 2011, with 20th Century Fox[48] and was directed by the Farrelly
brothers. The film had been in what one critic has dubbed 'development
hell'.[49] The Farrellys, who wanted to make the film since 1996, said that they
were not going to do a biopic or remake, but instead new Three Stooges episodes
set in the present day. The film is broken up into three continuous episodes
that revolves around the Stooges characters.[50]
Casting the title characters proved difficult for the studio. Originally slated
were Sean Penn to play Larry, Benicio del Toro to play Moe, and Jim Carrey to
play Curly. Both Penn and del Toro left the project but returned while no
official confirmation had been made about Jim Carrey. When del Toro was
interviewed on MTV News for The Wolfman, he spoke about playing Moe. He was
later asked who was going to play Larry and Curly in the film and commented that
he still thought that Sean Penn and Jim Carrey were going to play them, though
he added, 'Nothing is for sure yet.'[51][52]A story in The Hollywood Reporter
stated that Will Sasso would play Curly in the upcoming comedy and that Hank
Azaria was the front runner to play Moe.[53] Sasso was ultimately cast as Curly;
Sean Hayes of Will & Grace was cast as Larry Fine,[54] while Chris
Diamantopoulos was cast as Moe.[55]Jane Lynch later joined the cast, playing a
nun.[56] The film was released on April 13, 2012, and grossed over $54 million
worldwide.[57]

SEQUEL[EDIT]

On May 7, 2015, a sequel was announced, with Sean Hayes, Chris Diamantopoulos,
and Will Sasso all reprising their roles. Cameron Fay has been hired to write
the script.[58] Production was scheduled to begin in 2018.[59]

THE THREE LITTLE STOOGES (2019)[EDIT]

On February 3, 2016, C3 announced a new action/adventure film titled The Three
Little Stooges. It will star Gordy De StJeor, Liam Dow, and Luke Clark as
12-year-old versions of Moe, Larry, and Curly.[60] The first film, which will
set the foundation for future films and television spin-offs, is set to begin
production in November 2017,[61] and expected to be released in 2018.[62] The
screenplay was written by Harris Goldberg, with Sean McNamara set to direct.[63]
The film's budget is $5.8 million. On July 19, 2017, C3 began seeking
crowdfunding to pay for a portion of the budget. In August 2017, they exceeded
their minimum goal of $50,000.[64]

VIDEO GAMES[EDIT]

In 1984, Gottlieb released an arcade game featuring the Stooges trying to find
three kidnapped brides.
Later in 1987, game developers Cinemaware released a successful Three Stooges
computer game, available for Apple IIGS, Amiga, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and
Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Based on the Stooges earning money by doing
odd jobs to prevent the foreclosure of an orphanage, it incorporated audio from
the original films and was popular enough to be reissued for the Game Boy
Advance in 2002, as well as for PlayStation in 2004.[65]
The Three Stooges also have a slot game adaptation created by Realtime
Gaming.[66]

VCR GAME[EDIT]

A VCR game was released by Pressman Toy Corporation in 1986, which utilized a
number of classic Stooges clips.[67]

IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES[EDIT]

In most other languages, the Three Stooges are known by some corresponding
variant of their English name. In Chinese, however, the trio is known
idiomatically as Sānge Chòu Píjiàng (三個臭皮匠)[68] or Huóbǎo Sānrénzǔ (活寶三人組).
Sānge Chòu Píjiàng, literally 'Three Smelly Shoemakers', which derives from a
saying in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Sāngè chòu píjiàng shèngguò yīgè
Zhūgě Liàng (三個臭皮匠，勝過一個諸葛亮) or 'Three smelly shoemakers (are enough to) overcome
one Zhuge Liang [a hero of the story]', i.e. three inferior people can overpower
a superior person when they combine their strength. Huóbǎo Sānrénzǔ translates
as 'Trio of Buffoons'.[69] Likewise in Japanese they are known as San Baka
Taishō (三ばか大将)[70] meaning 'Three Idiot Generals' or 'Three Baka Generals'.
In Spanish they are known as Los tres chiflados[71] or, roughly, 'The Three
Crackpots'. In French and German usage, the name of the trio is partially
translated as Les Trois Stooges (though the French version of the movie
adaptation used a fully translated name, 'Les Trois Corniauds') and Die drei
Stooges respectively. In Thai, the trio is known as 3 สมุนจอมป่วน (RTGS: Sam
Samun Chom Puan, pronounced[sǎːm sāmǔn t͡ɕɔ̄ːm pùa̯n]) or 3 พี่น้องจอมยุ่ง
(RTGS: Sam Phi Nong Chom Yung, pronounced[sǎːm pʰîː nɔ́ːŋ t͡ɕɔ̄ːm jûŋ]). In
Portuguese, they are known as Os Três Patetas in Brazil, and Os Três Estarolas
in Portugal, estarola being a direct translation of 'stooge', while pateta being
more related to 'goofy'. In Persian the trio are dubbed as 'سه نخاله'. In
Turkish, they are dubbed as Üç Ahbap Çavuş ('The Three Cronies').

AWARDS AND NOMINATIONS[EDIT]

In 1993, the Three Stooges won the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award.
The Three Stooges earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1560 Vine
Street on August 30, 1983.[72]

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