backend.mssmsolutions.com

Summary

This website contacted 4 IPs in 2 countries across 3 domains to perform 6 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 191.101.13.70, located in Phoenix, United States and belongs to AS-HOSTINGER, CY. The main domain is backend.mssmsolutions.com.
TLS certificate: Issued by WR1 on July 5th 2024. Valid for: 3 months.

This is the only time backend.mssmsolutions.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
2	191.101.13.70 191.101.13.70	47583 (AS-HOSTINGER) (AS-HOSTINGER)
3	2400:52e0:1e0... 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1	60068 (CDN77 _) (CDN77 _)
1	2a04:4e42::485 2a04:4e42::485	54113 (FASTLY) (FASTLY)
6	4

2 191.101.13.70 (Phoenix, United States)

ASN47583 (AS-HOSTINGER, CY)

backend.mssmsolutions.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

3 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1 (Germany)

ASN60068 (CDN77 _, GB)

fonts.bunny.net	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2a04:4e42::485 (United States)

ASN54113 (FASTLY, US)

cdn.jsdelivr.net	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
3	bunny.net fonts.bunny.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 11698	24 KB
2	mssmsolutions.com backend.mssmsolutions.com	11 KB
1	jsdelivr.net cdn.jsdelivr.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 381	3 KB
6	3

	Domain	Requested by
3	fonts.bunny.net	backend.mssmsolutions.com fonts.bunny.net
2	backend.mssmsolutions.com
1	cdn.jsdelivr.net	backend.mssmsolutions.com
6	3

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
laravel.com
laracasts.com
laravel-news.com
forge.laravel.com
vapor.laravel.com
nova.laravel.com
envoyer.io
github.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
backend.mssmsolutions.com WR1	`2024-07-05` - `2024-10-03`	3 months	crt.sh
fonts.bunny.net R3	`2024-05-23` - `2024-08-21`	3 months	crt.sh
jsdelivr.net GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2023 Q3	`2023-09-27` - `2024-10-28`	a year	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/
Frame ID: 464E377E89A4C50E9F5B3BE067B7932F
Requests: 7 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Laravel

Detected technologies

Laravel (Web Frameworks) Expand

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns

jsDelivr (CDN) Expand

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns

//cdn\.jsdelivr\.net/

Page Statistics

6
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

67 %
IPv6

3
Domains

3
Subdomains

4
IPs

2
Countries

39 kB
Transfer

65 kB
Size

2
Cookies

14 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://laravel.com/docs
Title: Documentation Laravel has wonderful documentation covering every aspect of the framework. Whether you are a newcomer or have prior experience with Laravel, we recommend reading our documentation from beginning to end.

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laracasts.com/
Title: Laracasts Laracasts offers thousands of video tutorials on Laravel, PHP, and JavaScript development. Check them out, see for yourself, and massively level up your development skills in the process.

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laravel-news.com/
Title: Laravel News Laravel News is a community driven portal and newsletter aggregating all of the latest and most important news in the Laravel ecosystem, including new package releases and tutorials.

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://forge.laravel.com/
Title: Forge

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://vapor.laravel.com/
Title: Vapor

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://nova.laravel.com/
Title: Nova

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://envoyer.io/
Title: Envoyer

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laravel.com/docs/billing
Title: Cashier

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laravel.com/docs/dusk
Title: Dusk

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laravel.com/docs/broadcasting
Title: Echo

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laravel.com/docs/horizon
Title: Horizon

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laravel.com/docs/sanctum
Title: Sanctum

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://laravel.com/docs/telescope
Title: Telescope

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://github.com/sponsors/taylorotwell
Title: Sponsor

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

6 HTTP transactions
1 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H2 200 Primary Request / Show response
backend.mssmsolutions.com/ 29 KB
10 KB 4903ms
3729ms Document
text/html 191.101.13.70
AS-HOSTINGER

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

191.101.13.70 Phoenix, United States, ASN47583 (AS-HOSTINGER, CY),

Reverse DNS

Software

LiteSpeed / PHP/8.2.20

Resource Hash

cb923c74b55fba7104fa187df38c0528ed7e7dfa34160ef94500977310369116

Security Headers

Name	Value
Content-Security-Policy	upgrade-insecure-requests

Request headers

Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-headers: Origin, Content-Type, Accept, Authorization, X-Request-With
access-control-allow-methods: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS
access-control-allow-origin: *
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000, h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000, quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="43,46"
cache-control: no-cache, private
content-encoding: br
content-length: 9114
content-security-policy: upgrade-insecure-requests
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
date: Fri, 05 Jul 2024 22:04:37 GMT
platform: hostinger
server: LiteSpeed
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-powered-by: PHP/8.2.20

GET
H2 200 css
fonts.bunny.net/ 2 KB
1 KB 153ms
39ms Stylesheet
text/css 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1
CDN77 _

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=figtree:400,600&display=swap
Requested by: Host: backend.mssmsolutions.com
URL: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server: 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1 , Germany, ASN60068 (CDN77 _, GB),
Reverse DNS
Software: BunnyCDN-DE1-1079 /
Resource Hash: 3dfd7e17872ab27f3acba86f466d45666ef1f74162b83a82f787dbeb8093762a

Request headers

sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

date: Fri, 05 Jul 2024 22:04:37 GMT
content-encoding: br
cdn-edgestorageid: 1080
cdn-cachedat: 07/04/2024 14:27:10
cdn-pullzone: 781720
last-modified: Thu, 04 Jul 2024 14:27:10 GMT
server: BunnyCDN-DE1-1079
cdn-proxyver: 1.04
cdn-requestpullcode: 200
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin: *
cdn-cache: HIT
cdn-uid: 3a60ca70-b89d-4cd5-a4b5-34a3468d7e0f
access-control-expose-headers: Server, x-goog-meta-frames, Content-Length, Content-Type, Range, X-Requested-With, If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match
cache-control: public, max-age=2592000
cdn-requestid: ad18c63a7fb2d421ed54b63fb6ee9f37
cdn-requestcountrycode: DE
access-control-allow-headers: Server, x-goog-meta-frames, Content-Length, Content-Type, Range, X-Requested-With, If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match
cdn-status: 200
cdn-requestpullsuccess: True

GET
H2 200 flasher.min.js Show response
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@flasher/flasher@1.3.2/dist/ 9 KB
3 KB 155ms
49ms Script
application/javascript 2a04:4e42::485
FASTLY

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@flasher/flasher@1.3.2/dist/flasher.min.js

Requested by

Host: backend.mssmsolutions.com
URL: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2a04:4e42::485 , United States, ASN54113 (FASTLY, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

/

Resource Hash

4e60a5b9b0c70cc0a5b580e18d3f87e5af6270aa6e46b7b479dedb62b421f54d

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
date: Fri, 05 Jul 2024 22:04:38 GMT
x-content-type-options: nosniff
content-encoding: br
age: 1976479
x-jsd-version: 1.3.2
x-cache: HIT, HIT
cross-origin-resource-policy: cross-origin
alt-svc: h3=":443";ma=86400,h3-29=":443";ma=86400,h3-27=":443";ma=86400
content-length: 2976
x-served-by: cache-fra-eddf8230150-FRA, cache-mxp6965-MXP
x-jsd-version-type: version
etag: W/"237d-QFTFwhbr31D1NAQBfK+20fgJGBE"
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: application/javascript; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin: *
access-control-expose-headers: *
cache-control: public, max-age=31536000, s-maxage=31536000, immutable
accept-ranges: bytes
timing-allow-origin: *

GET
DATA 200
OK truncated
/ 308 B
0 Image
image/svg+xml

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: data:truncated
Protocol: DATA
Server: -, , ASN (),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: 237f7b25e48756a8002883d64aa1aadf8660962f63d00e308e470bf2883784f7

Request headers

Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
Referer
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Content-Type: image/svg+xml

GET
H2 200 figtree-latin-600-normal.woff2
fonts.bunny.net/figtree/files/ 11 KB
12 KB 133ms
49ms Font
font/woff2 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1
CDN77 _

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://fonts.bunny.net/figtree/files/figtree-latin-600-normal.woff2
Requested by: Host: fonts.bunny.net
URL: https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=figtree:400,600&display=swap
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server: 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1 , Germany, ASN60068 (CDN77 _, GB),
Reverse DNS
Software: BunnyCDN-DE1-1079 /
Resource Hash: a73bcf9b9a5ecb070cd67dbcce60e4e04da27ad04daaf7865db58ba39462dc1d

Request headers

sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer: https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=figtree:400,600&display=swap
Origin: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

date: Fri, 05 Jul 2024 22:04:38 GMT
cdn-edgestorageid: 1079
cdn-storageserver: DE-383
cdn-cachedat: 03/26/2024 20:59:04
cdn-pullzone: 781720
content-length: 11388
last-modified: Thu, 06 Jul 2023 02:10:14 GMT
server: BunnyCDN-DE1-1079
cdn-fileserver: 339
cdn-requestpullcode: 200
cdn-proxyver: 1.04
etag: "64a62286-2c7c"
content-type: font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin: *
cdn-cache: HIT
cdn-uid: 3a60ca70-b89d-4cd5-a4b5-34a3468d7e0f
access-control-expose-headers: Server, x-goog-meta-frames, Content-Length, Content-Type, Range, X-Requested-With, If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match
cache-control: public, max-age=2592000
cdn-requestid: cb8efca2664351012bae9c9fac520b78
accept-ranges: bytes
cdn-requestcountrycode: DE
access-control-allow-headers: Server, x-goog-meta-frames, Content-Length, Content-Type, Range, X-Requested-With, If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match
cdn-status: 200
cdn-requestpullsuccess: True

GET
H2 200 figtree-latin-400-normal.woff2
fonts.bunny.net/figtree/files/ 11 KB
12 KB 167ms
83ms Font
font/woff2 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1
CDN77 _

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://fonts.bunny.net/figtree/files/figtree-latin-400-normal.woff2
Requested by: Host: fonts.bunny.net
URL: https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=figtree:400,600&display=swap
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server: 2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1 , Germany, ASN60068 (CDN77 _, GB),
Reverse DNS
Software: BunnyCDN-DE1-1079 /
Resource Hash: d5e0a1d1640d7cf611193d40b2413f7b4612d869b2a70a4b9240c423234381ba

Request headers

sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer: https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=figtree:400,600&display=swap
Origin: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

date: Fri, 05 Jul 2024 22:04:38 GMT
cdn-edgestorageid: 1080
cdn-storageserver: DE-662
cdn-cachedat: 05/15/2024 09:11:08
cdn-pullzone: 781720
content-length: 11152
last-modified: Thu, 06 Jul 2023 04:21:57 GMT
server: BunnyCDN-DE1-1079
cdn-fileserver: 659
cdn-requestpullcode: 200
cdn-proxyver: 1.04
etag: "64a64165-2b90"
content-type: font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin: *
cdn-cache: HIT
cdn-uid: 3a60ca70-b89d-4cd5-a4b5-34a3468d7e0f
access-control-expose-headers: Server, x-goog-meta-frames, Content-Length, Content-Type, Range, X-Requested-With, If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match
cache-control: public, max-age=2592000
cdn-requestid: 199b5032fb09ac029ecfbdd0cc44ccbe
accept-ranges: bytes
cdn-requestcountrycode: DE
access-control-allow-headers: Server, x-goog-meta-frames, Content-Length, Content-Type, Range, X-Requested-With, If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match
cdn-status: 200
cdn-requestpullsuccess: True

GET
H2 404 favicon.ico
backend.mssmsolutions.com/ 2 KB
1 KB 172ms
170ms Other
text/html 191.101.13.70
AS-HOSTINGER

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/favicon.ico

Protocol

H2

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

191.101.13.70 Phoenix, United States, ASN47583 (AS-HOSTINGER, CY),

Reverse DNS

Software

LiteSpeed /

Resource Hash

3d70ce95eb1eb78620cc57fe1a6a479e6f2d70508bf813238e573863df000d6e

Security Headers

Name	Value
Content-Security-Policy	upgrade-insecure-requests

Request headers

sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Win32"

Response headers

date: Fri, 05 Jul 2024 22:04:38 GMT
content-encoding: br
content-security-policy: upgrade-insecure-requests
last-modified: Wed, 18 Jan 2023 19:41:46 GMT
server: LiteSpeed
etag: "999-63c84b7a-ee31d828861cd65;br"
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: text/html
accept-ranges: bytes
platform: hostinger
content-length: 912

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

4 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

undefined| event object| fence object| sharedStorage object| flasher

2 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			backend.mssmsolutions.com/	1970-01-20 21:50:24	Name: XSRF-TOKEN Value: eyJpdiI6IktjVll4Rzh5Uytqcy8xOGtJT1pEdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicEZYNFRQaGIzU29uQktvZGRGaWVERXYyU1RFWndjeXpHWVdrdm5wQVh2TTlyOGJ4Qm9vYmpja3pHcTczdXo2SFJGczdxYWhZM3JOU2pIWUpoeWUydU1SdUJUMGhneVE5RkVaQ205S3EvYzZwaU5tYmRqdXM2MzdENXY2OGpWWDgiLCJtYWMiOiI5MjNmZTE1MWI0NzhkMDc4NzIxYWU1NTJkOWVjZTllY2EzYmNiMWUwNjU2MDBmZmNjODMzNjU5M2Q1YTc1ZGRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D
			backend.mssmsolutions.com/	1970-01-20 21:50:24	Name: laravel_session Value: eyJpdiI6ImlHakVQRG02THc1Myt6c2oxWUtQWEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ21QY3BGMW40bkhDejBHWVN6RytadEFJa25zc1h5VkJRWXNlM3FwOThSL3hlZnFBRm1pbWZET3BUZkNKK2ZESy9JaVAvOXRSbGViR0FPY3BPcEdHZTdLeG1KQlF2TmtvOE5Ud3U3aVViclhZblJMQ2wwdk9DaTNPUndCRVE4cmYiLCJtYWMiOiJjM2E3MzRjYjUwZGM0MDhlNzllOWRlNzQ5ZmJjN2ZhOWI4NDgzMTU4NjdjN2Y0YWE4MzllOThjOWQ5YWYyZmYxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D

1 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
network	error	URL: https://backend.mssmsolutions.com/favicon.ico Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
Content-Security-Policy	upgrade-insecure-requests

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

backend.mssmsolutions.com
cdn.jsdelivr.net
fonts.bunny.net
191.101.13.70
2400:52e0:1e00::1079:1
2a04:4e42::485
237f7b25e48756a8002883d64aa1aadf8660962f63d00e308e470bf2883784f7
3d70ce95eb1eb78620cc57fe1a6a479e6f2d70508bf813238e573863df000d6e
3dfd7e17872ab27f3acba86f466d45666ef1f74162b83a82f787dbeb8093762a
4e60a5b9b0c70cc0a5b580e18d3f87e5af6270aa6e46b7b479dedb62b421f54d
a73bcf9b9a5ecb070cd67dbcce60e4e04da27ad04daaf7865db58ba39462dc1d
cb923c74b55fba7104fa187df38c0528ed7e7dfa34160ef94500977310369116
d5e0a1d1640d7cf611193d40b2413f7b4612d869b2a70a4b9240c423234381ba

backend.mssmsolutions.com Open in urlscan Pro 191.101.13.70 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Detected technologies

Page Statistics

6 Requests

100 %HTTPS

67 %IPv6

3 Domains

3 Subdomains

4 IPs

2 Countries

39 kBTransfer

65 kBSize

2 Cookies

14 Outgoing links

Redirected requests

6 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 1 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

4 JavaScript Global Variables

2 Cookies

1 Console Messages

Security Headers

Indicators

backend.mssmsolutions.com Open in urlscan Pro
191.101.13.70 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

6
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

67 %
IPv6

3
Domains

3
Subdomains

4
IPs

2
Countries

39 kB
Transfer

65 kB
Size

2
Cookies

6 HTTP transactions
1 data transactions