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CALORIFIC VALUE (CV)

On this page you will find details of how the calorific value (CV) of gas is
calculated. We use CV to determine the amount of energy transported by shippers
and suppliers, which in turn is used to bill gas consumers.


CV ENQUIRIES

If you require further information, please contact us by phone for CV enquiries
only and by email for CV and Quality enquiries only.

 * 01926 654641
 * box.energytracking@nationalgrid.com

Calorific value (CV) is a measure of heating power and is dependent upon the
composition of the gas. The CV refers to the amount of energy released when a
known volume of gas is completely combusted under specified conditions. The CV
of gas, which is dry, gross and measured at standard conditions of temperature
(15oC) and pressure (1013.25 millibars), is usually quoted in megajoules per
cubic metre (MJ/m3). Gas passing through our pipeline system has a CV of 37.5
MJ/m3 to 43.0 MJ/m3.


IMPORTANCE OF CV

Knowledge of the CV of natural gas is an essential part of our day-to-day
activities, as this information is used to determine the amount of energy we
transport. CV information is provided daily to gas shippers and suppliers, which
is then used to bill gas consumers. We also use this data to determine
transportation charges for gas shippers and suppliers.


MEASURING CV

The CV of natural gas is measured continually, using process gas chromatographs.
Process gas chromatographs separate natural gas into its constituent compounds
(i.e. methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, etc.) and measures the amount of each in
the gas. The physical characteristics of each component, as defined by ISO 6976,
are programmed into the chromatograph and an overall CV is derived from the
measured composition.

The determination of the CV of gas is carried out in accordance with
international standards and the Gas (Calculation of Thermal Energy) Regulations,
as amended in 1997. These regulations stipulate when and where the CV of gas is
measured and the type of instrument to be used. The regulations are enforced by
Ofgem, who also perform audit checks on the primary data.

The calorific value of natural gas is measured at reception terminals and other
locations on our pipeline system. At present, the CV of gas is measured at over
110 different locations in the UK mainland.


CALCULATING THERMAL ENERGY

The amount of energy consumed by a customer is calculated using the formula
below. The United Kingdom mainland has been subdivided into thirteen charging
areas. We provide a daily CV average for each charging area to the gas shippers
and suppliers. It's calculated as follows.

The volumes of all inputs into the charging area are measured daily and a daily
CV average determined for each input. The daily CV average for the charging area
is then calculated by summing the product of the CV and volume for all the
inputs and dividing by the total volume of gas entering the charging area.

CV = (38.2 x 6) + (40.2 x 1) + (39.6 x 3) (total energy) / (6 + 1 + 3) (total
volume)

The maximum daily CV average for the charging area permitted by the regulations
is equal to 1.0 MJ/m³ above the lowest measured daily CV average of the inputs
into the charging area. All domestic customers and most industrial customers are
billed on the basis of the daily CV averages for the charging area in which
their premises are situated and are applied to the volume of gas consumed. Some
very large consumers of gas (e.g. gas fired power stations) have CV measuring
apparatus installed on the pipeline leading to their premises, allowing full
accounting for the energy delivered.


SCOTTISH INDEPENDENTS

In addition to the thirteen charging areas, there are a small number of
communities in Scotland with isolated pipeline systems, including Stornoway
which receives liquid petroleum gas (LPG), where the billing CV is based on a
declared CV, which is set in advance. We ensure that the average CV of gas
supplied to these consumers is never less than the declared value.


CV DATA

You can view or download CV information relating to charging zones from the
Report Explorer and Data Item Explorer.


FURTHER HELP

To find out which charging zone you belong to visit the Xoserve website and
select ‘Postcode exit zone data’ under ‘Other’.


© National Grid 2021


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