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THE NOBEL PRIZE THE NOBEL PRIZE LOGO
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2022 NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES
Ill. Niklas Elmehed. © Nobel Prize Outreach
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2022
HOW ENTANGLEMENT HAS BECOME A POWERFUL TOOL
Using groundbreaking experiments, Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger
have demonstrated the potential to investigate and control particles that are in
entangled states. What happens to one particle in an entangled pair determines
what happens to the other, even if they are really too far apart to affect each
other. The laureates’ development of experimental tools has laid the foundation
for a new era of quantum technology.
RELATED ARTICLES
* Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
* Popular information: How entanglement has become a powerful tool
* Scientific background: "For experiments with entangled photons, establishing
the violations of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information
science"
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
THE 2022 PHYSICS LAUREATES
Interview with Alain Aspect
“THE CONCLUSION IS, YES, QUANTUM MECHANICS RESISTS ALL POSSIBLE ATTACKS!”
Alain Aspect was trying to find the limit of quantum mechanics, but, as he says
in this call with Adam Smith, “I didn’t find it!”.
Interview with John Clauser
“WHAT A WASTE OF TIME, NOW START DOING SOME REAL PHYSICS!”
As a young man, John Clauser set out to topple quantum mechanics, but all his
faculty thought he was crazy.
Interview with Anton Zeilinger
“IT’S PROBABLY ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL THEORIES EVER INVENTED”
Anton Zeilinger conveys his love for the elegant simplicity of quantum mechanics
in this call recorded shortly after the public announcement of his Nobel Prize.
DID YOU KNOW?
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 2022
THEIR FUNCTIONAL CHEMISTRY WORKS WONDERS
Sometimes simple answers are the best. Barry Sharpless and Morten Meldal are
awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 because they brought chemistry into
the era of functionalism and laid the foundations of click chemistry. They share
the prize with Carolyn Bertozzi, who took click chemistry to a new dimension and
began using it to map cells. Her bioorthogonal reactions are now contributing to
more targeted cancer treatments, among many other applications.
RELATED ARTICLES
* Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022
* Popular information: Their functional chemistry works wonders
* Scientific background: Click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
THE 2022 CHEMISTRY LAUREATES
Interview with Carolyn Bertozzi
“WHEN THE WORLD IS IN TROUBLE, CHEMISTRY COMES TO THE RESCUE”
This call with Adam Smith, recorded immediately after the public announcement of
her Nobel Prize, caught Carolyn Bertozzi just before the world started
descending on her home in California.
Interview with Morten Meldal
“REALITY IS MUCH MORE COMPLEX THAN WE, AS CHEMISTS, ARE ABLE TO IMAGINE”
In the call recorded just after he had heard that he had been awarded the Nobel
Prize, Morten Meldal describes how he views chemistry as a way of describing
reality.
Interview with Barry Sharpless
"YOU SHOULD BE DRAWN TO UNCERTAINTY"
Recorded on the morning he was woken very early by the by the news from
Stockholm, Barry Sharpless discusses the dangerous thrill of ideas and how
difficult problems just insisted on being tackled.
DID YOU KNOW?
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE 2022
“FOR HIS DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE GENOMES OF EXTINCT HOMININS AND HUMAN
EVOLUTION”
Through his pioneering research, Svante Pääbo accomplished something seemingly
impossible: sequencing the genome of the Neanderthal, an extinct relative of
present-day humans. He also made the sensational discovery of a previously
unknown hominin, Denisova. Importantly, Pääbo also found that gene transfer had
occurred from these now extinct hominins to Homo sapiens following the migration
out of Africa around 70,000 years ago. This ancient flow of genes to present-day
humans has physiological relevance today, for example affecting how our immune
system reacts to infections.
RELATED ARTICLES
* Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
* Scientific background: Discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins
and human evolution
© The Nobel Committe for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén
2022 MEDICINE PRIZE
“THERE WERE ALMOST ALWAYS OTHER TYPES OF HUMANS AROUND”
Svante Pääbo was interviewed just after he had heard news of the award of his
Nobel Prize. Watch or read the interview.
Svante Pääbo after receiving the call about being awarded the 2022 medicine
prize on 3 October 2022.
Photo: Linda Vigilant
“THIS WILL GIVE HUGE INSIGHTS INTO HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY”
Watch the announcement of the 2022 medicine prize, and an interview with
Professor Nils-Göran Larsson, Chair of the Nobel Committee, about the prize.
Professor Thomas Perlmann, Secretary-General of the Nobel Assembly.
DID YOU KNOW?
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE 2022
ANNIE ERNAUX
The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2022 is awarded to the French author Annie
Ernaux “for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots,
estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory”.
In her writing, Ernaux consistently and from different angles, examines a life
marked by strong disparities regarding gender, language and class. Her path to
authorship was long and arduous.
RELATED ARTICLES
* Press release: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022
* Biobibliography
* Telephone interview with Annie Ernaux
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
HAVE YOU READ?
2022 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2022
The Nobel Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries.
They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the
fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document
war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate
the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.
Read the press release
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
THE 2022 PEACE LAUREATES
THEY DOCUMENT WAR CRIMES, HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES AND THE ABUSE OF POWER
The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to human rights advocate Ales Bialiatski
from Belarus, the Russian human rights organisation Memorial and the Ukrainian
human rights organisation Center for Civil Liberties.
RELATED ARTICLES
* Press release: The Nobel Peace Prize 2022
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL
THEIR DISCOVERIES IMPROVED HOW SOCIETY DEALS WITH FINANCIAL CRISES
This year’s laureates in economic sciences, Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and
Philip Dybvig, have significantly improved our understanding of the role of
banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises. An important finding
in their research is why avoiding bank collapses is vital.
RELATED ARTICLES
* Press release: The Prize in Economic Sciences 2022
* Popular information: The laureates explained the role of banks in financial
crises
* Scientific Background: Financial intermediation and the economy
Illustration: Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
THE SVERIGES RIKSBANK PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN MEMORY OF ALFRED NOBEL
THE 2022 ECONOMIC SCIENCES LAUREATES
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022
was awarded to Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, Philip H. Dybvig “for
research on banks and financial crises”.
The Great Depression of the 1930s paralysed the world’s economies for many years
and had vast societal consequences. However, we have managed subsequent
financial crises better thanks to research insights from this year’s laureates.
They have demonstrated the importance of preventing widespread bank collapses.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
DID YOU KNOW?
DISCOVER NOBEL PRIZE LESSONS
RELIABLE AND EASY TO USE
Bring the 2022 Nobel Prizes into the classroom! The lessons are free and easy to
use right away with ready-made slide shows, a speaker’s manuscripts and student
assignments.
The 2022 prizes range from research on quantum mechanics and research on human
evolution to documenting war crimes and the role of banks in financial crises.
Illustrations: Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Nobel
Committe for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén and Niklas Elmehed. ©
Nobel Prize Outreach
NOBEL PRIZE CONVERSATIONS
THE MAKING OF A NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATE
What goes into the making of a Nobel Prize laureate? How big a role does luck
play in the making of a laureate? Can you find any common experiences and
external influences between the laureates? In this special bonus episode of
Nobel Prize Conversations, we explore the origin stories of these remarkable
individuals.
© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Bernhard Ludewig
EXPLORE PRIZES AND LAUREATES
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Medicine Literature Peace Economic Sciences
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WHY IS THERE A NOBEL PRIZE?
Do you have questions about the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize laureates? Find
answers to the most commonly asked questions in the FAQ.
ALFRED NOBEL – ESTABLISHED THE NOBEL PRIZES
SCIENTIST AND INVENTOR
Chemist, engineer and industrialist Alfred Nobel left 31 million SEK (today
about 342 million dollars) to fund the Nobel Prizes.
ALFRED NOBEL'S EARLY YEARS
When Alfred was five years old his father Immanuel, an inventor and builder,
moved to St. Petersburg. Alfred joined him a few years later.
INVENTING DYNAMITE
Based on Alfred’s work and patents a whole new industry developed. Within ten
years, 16 explosives producing factories had been founded in 14 countries.
A CONTROVERSIAL WILL
In his will of 27 November 1895, signed in Paris, Alfred Nobel specified that
the bulk of his fortune should be used for prizes.
EXPLORE AND LEARN
19 REMARKABLE SCIENTISTS AND THEIR STORIES
Explore a storytelling experience that celebrates and explores the
contributions, careers and lives of 19 women who have been awarded Nobel Prizes
for their scientific achievements.
Explore 'Women who changed science'
WATCH THE DOCUMENTARY SERIES
FIVE DOCUMENTARIES INSPIRED BY THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
A team of female Yazidi deminers in Iraq attempting to clear their land of mines
left behind by ISIS. A team of scientists on an extraordinary mission in
Mozambique to help better our understanding of climate change. A man building
prosthetic legs to help victims of war walk again in South Sudan … All are
inspired by Nobel Peace Prize laureates.
NOBEL PRIZE NOMINATIONS
WHO CAN NOMINATE FOR A NOBEL PRIZE?
No person can nominate herself/himself for a Nobel Prize. But who can? And how
are these persons chosen?
WHO SELECTS THE LAUREATES?
In his last will and testament, Alfred Nobel specifically designated the
institutions responsible for the prizes he wished to be established.
EXPLORE THE NOMINATION ARCHIVE
Search among the names of the nominees and nominators, as well as additional
information about the nominations 1901-1966.
MAHATMA GANDHI – THE MISSING LAUREATE
Mohandas Gandhi has become the strongest symbol of non-violence in the 20th
century. He was nominated several times, but was never awarded the prize. Why?
2022 NOBEL PRIZE CONCERT
SOPRANO DIANA DAMRAU SOLOIST AT THE NOBEL PRIZE CONCERT
Bringing extra star power to this year’s Nobel Prize Concert on 8 December will
be German soprano Diana Damrau. Austrian conductor Manfred Honeck will lead the
Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra at the concert. Tickets will be released
on 20 October at Konserthuset Stockholm.
Soprano Diana Damrau.
Photo: Jürgen Frank
Nobel Week Dialogue
THE FUTURE OF LIFE
Stockholm, 9 December 2022
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PLAY A GAME!
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
THE BLOOD TYPING GAME
How much do you know about blood types? Did you know that human blood groups
were discovered by Nobel Prize laureate Karl Landsteiner in 1901?
Learn more about the way to find out about the human blood groups, blood typing
and the importance of safe blood transfusions. See if you can save the lives of
the patients in the game!
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
PAVLOV'S DOG
Is it possible to train a dog to drool on command? Learn about conditioned
reflexes in this interactive game!
With this animated game, teachers are able to illustrate classical conditioning
in the classroom. The object of the game is to train Pavlov’s dog to respond to
a signal that it will associate with being fed.
In 1904, Ivan Pavlov was awarded with Nobel Prize for his pioneering studies of
how the digestive system works.
NEW GAME
PEACE BUILDERS
Step into the shoes of a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and learn about the legacy
of Alfred Nobel in this immersive learning experience from the Nobel Peace
Center. All Minecraft players can now journey alongside Desmond Tutu, United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Jody Williams and Carl von Ossietzky to
bring their vision of a more democratic, peaceful world to life.
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NOBEL DESTINATIONS
Stockholm, Sweden
NOBEL PRIZE MUSEUM
The Nobel Prize Museum in Stockholm, Sweden, illustrates a century of
creativity, where visitors can follow the changes of the 20th century through
the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize laureates.
The museum showcases the discoveries and creativity of the Nobel Prize
laureates.
Photo: Åke Eson Lindman
Oslo, Norway
NOBEL PEACE CENTER
Located in the heart of Oslo, Norway, the Nobel Peace Center is a place where
you can experience and learn about the various Nobel Peace Prize laureates.
The story of each peace laureate is told at the museum.
Photo: Johannes Granseth/Nobel Peace Center
IN MEMORIAM
FORMER SOVIET LEADER MIKHAIL GORBACHEV PASSES AWAY AT 91
Mikhail Gorbachev, former president of the Soviet Union, died on 30 August. He
was awarded the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize for the leading role he played in the
radical changes in East-West relations and for bringing the Cold War to a halt.
PEACE NEGOTIATOR DAVID TRIMBLE DIES AT 77
David Trimble passed away on 25 July. He was awarded the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize
together with John Hume for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the
conflict in Northern Ireland.
FULLERENE DISCOVERER ROBERT F. CURL JR. DIES
Robert F. Curl Jr. was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 for the
discovery of a new form of the element carbon, the fullerenes. He passed away on
3 July, age 88.
BEN R. MOTTELSON 1926‒2022
Physics laureate Ben R. Mottelson passed away on 13 May, age 95. He was awarded
the Nobel Prize “for the discovery of the connection between collective motion
and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the
structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection”.
ABOUT THE NOBEL PRIZE ORGANISATION
THE NOBEL FOUNDATION
Tasked with a mission to manage Alfred Nobel's fortune and has ultimate
responsibility for fulfilling the intentions of Nobel's will.
THE PRIZE-AWARDING INSTITUTIONS
For more than a century, these academic institutions have worked independently
to select Nobel Prize laureates.
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