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Thursday 10 February 2022
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'GAME CHANGING' INDIA RIVER STUDY MAY HELP PROTECT WATER RESOURCES

NEW DELHI, 8 DAYS AGO



Potentially ‘game changing’ findings of a newly published study by an
international team of experts on India’s Ganga River could be used to help
tackle pollution in large bodies of water and protect precious water resources
around the world, said a report.
 
One of the world’s largest and most important river systems, River Ganga flows
over 2,500 km from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal, through one of the
world’s most densely populated areas.
 
Water quality in rivers is affected by underpinning ‘natural’ hydrogeological
and biogeochemical processes, as well as interactions between people and their
environment that are accelerating stress on water resources at unprecedented
rates.
 
Pollutants can move at different speeds and accumulate along rivers where the
mix of the complex ‘cocktail’ of chemicals that is making its way towards the
ocean is constantly changing, a new study reveals.
 
The 'Water Research' is being conducted by the international research team,
which includes experts from the University of Birmingham, the University of
Manchester and other Indian and UK collaborators.
 
Besides these, the other articipating institutions include Indian institutions -
Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre; National Institute of Hydrology
(Roorkee); Indian Institute of Technology (Roorkee); National Institute of
Hydrology (Patna) and Bose Institute - in addition to University of West of
England (Bristol); UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Wallingford); University
of Lincoln and British Geological Survey, Wallingford.
 
Researchers found characteristic breakpoints – often found when a tributary
joins the main river or significant point sources exist – can change the
behaviour of some compounds, causing the concentration of these chemicals to
change drastically, depending on where they are on their journey down the river.
 
Experts discovered the phenomenon after piloting a new, systematic approach to
understanding hydrogeochemical dynamics in large river systems along the entire
length of the Ganga, from close to its source in the Himalayas down to the
Indian Ocean.
 
This new research approach, proven successful at the Ganga, can be applied to
other large river systems across the world – potentially helping ecologists and
authorities to tackle the global challenge of aquatic pollution by multiple
interacting contaminants.
 
The study reveals that chemicals including nitrate, chloride, sulfate, calcium,
sodium and strontium are cut and boosted in different proportion by a series of
breakpoints along the Ganga.
 
They found that mixing, dilution, and weathering are key processes controlling
major hydrochemistry, identifying four major breakpoints that alter the
concentration of at least four chemicals in the river. 
 
Five minor breakpoints affect the water mix of two to three chemicals, with two
‘single’ locations impacting on just one parametre.
 
Stefan Krause, Professor of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry at the University
of Birmingham, said: "Large river systems, such as the Ganga, provide crucial
water resources with important implications for global water, food and energy
security. Understanding the complex dynamics of such systems remains a major
challenge."
 
"The breakpoints we have identified in India change the behaviour of some
compounds, altering the composition of the cocktail of chemicals flowing down
the Ganga to the ocean," he explained.
 
"Breakpoint analysis could be a game changer in understanding how pollutants
travel along major watercourses – allowing us to identify the ‘hotspots’ which
will shed new light on the behaviour of aquatic pollution and how better to
tackle this global challenge," he added.
 
Informed by a 2019 post-monsoonal survey of 81 bank-side sampling locations,
researchers identified five major hydrogeochemical zones - characterised, in
part, by the inputs of key tributaries, urban and agricultural areas, and
estuarine inputs near the Bay of Bengal.
 
Dr Laura Richards, the study’s lead author from the University of Manchester,
said: 
"Our research helps to understand the downstream transitions in the chemistry of
the River Ganga providing important baseline information and quantification of
solute sources and controls."
 
"In addition to improving the understanding of a river system as environmentally
and societally important as the Ganga, the systematic approach used may also be
applicable to other large river systems," he added.
 
The researcher’s novel research approach brings systematic insight into the
factors controlling key geochemistry in River Ganga, according to the report.
 
As a major source of livelihood, the river is a key water source to more than
400 million people and very important to many social and religious traditions in
India, but faces increasing environmental challenges associated with rapid
development, climate change, increasing urbanisation, water demand and
agricultural intensity, it added.-TradeArabia News Service


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