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Docs Home → Develop Applications → MongoDB Manual


SCHEMA VALIDATION


On this page

 * When to Use Schema Validation
 * When MongoDB Checks Validation
 * What Happens When a Document Fails Validation
 * Get Started
 * Learn More

Schema validation lets you create validation rules for your fields, such as
allowed data types and value ranges.

MongoDB uses a flexible schema model, which means that documents in a collection
do not need to have the same fields or data types by default. Once you've
established an application schema, you can use schema validation to ensure there
are no unintended schema changes or improper data types.

You can implement schema validation in the UI for deployments hosted in MongoDB
Atlas.


WHEN TO USE SCHEMA VALIDATION


Your schema validation needs depend on how users use your application. When your
application is in the early stages of development, schema validation may impose
unhelpful restrictions because you don't know how you want to organize your
data. Specifically, the fields in your collections may change over time.

Schema validation is most useful for an established application where you have a
good sense of how to organize your data. You can use schema validation in the
following scenarios:

 * For a users collection, ensure that the password field is only stored as a
   string. This validation prevents users from saving their password as an
   unexpected data type, like an image.

 * For a sales collection, ensure that the item field belongs to a list of items
   that your store sells. This validation prevents a user from accidentally
   misspelling an item name when entering sales data.

 * For a students collection, ensure that the gpa field is always a positive
   number. This validation prevents errors during data entry.


WHEN MONGODB CHECKS VALIDATION


After you add schema validation rules to a collection:

 * All document inserts must match the rules.

 * The schema validation level defines how the rules are applied to existing
   documents and document updates. To learn more, see Specify Validation Level
   for Existing Documents.

To find documents in a collection that don't match the schema validation rules,
see Find Documents that Don't Match the Schema.


WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A DOCUMENT FAILS VALIDATION


By default, when an insert or update operation would result in an invalid
document, MongoDB rejects the operation and does not write the document to the
collection.

Alternatively, you can configure MongoDB to allow invalid documents and log
warnings when schema violations occur.

To learn more, see Choose How to Handle Invalid Documents.


GET STARTED


For common tasks involving schema validation, see the following pages:

 * Specify JSON Schema Validation

 * Specify Validation With Query Operators

 * Specify Allowed Field Values

 * View Existing Validation Rules

 * Modify Schema Validation

 * Query for and Modify Valid or Invalid Documents

 * Bypass Schema Validation


LEARN MORE


To learn about MongoDB's flexible schema model, see Data Modeling.

←  Enforce Data Consistency with EmbeddingSpecify JSON Schema Validation →

On this page

 * When to Use Schema Validation
 * When MongoDB Checks Validation
 * What Happens When a Document Fails Validation
 * Get Started
 * Learn More

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