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Posted 13-05-2021  by   admin


LEE ENFIELD SERIAL NUMBER DATABASE

The Lee Enfield, No.4 Mk 1 was first issued in 1939 to a limited number of units
in the British Army, but not officially adopted until February 1941. This was
before the USA entered WW2. 4 rifle was simplified for mass-production with the
creation of the No. 4 Mk I* in 1942, with the star-sign. Don, I keep it alive
and add serial numbers all the time on my computer. I usually update the web
site once or twice a year. So in short, yes, please.

Lee–Enfield
Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk I (1903), Swedish Army Museum, Stockholm.
TypeBolt-action riflePlace of originUnited KingdomService historyIn serviceMLE:
1895–1926
SMLE: 1904–presentUsed bySee UsersWars
 * Mau Mau Uprising[1]
 * Cypriot intercommunal violence[2]
 * The Troubles[3]
 * Sino-Indian War[4]
 * Dhofar Rebellion[5]
 * Zanzibar Revolution[6]
 * Turkish invasion of Cyprus[7]
 * Uganda–Tanzania War[6]

Production historyDesignerJames Paris Lee, RSAF EnfieldProduced
 * MLE: 1895–1904
 * SMLE: 1904–present

No. built17,000,000+[8]VariantsSee Models/marksSpecificationsMass
 * 4.19 kg (9.24 lb) (Mk I)
 * 3.96 kg (8.73 lb) (Mk III)
 * 4.11 kg (9.06 lb) (No. 4)

Length
 * MLE: 49.6 in (1,260 mm)
 * SMLE No. 1 Mk III: 44.57 in (1,132 mm)
 * SMLE No. 4 Mk I: 44.45 in (1,129 mm)
 * LEC: 40.6 in (1,030 mm)
 * SMLE No. 5 Mk I: 39.5 in (1,003 mm)

Barrel length
 * MLE: 30.2 in (767 mm)
 * SMLE No. 1 Mk III: 25.2 in (640 mm)
 * SMLE No. 4 Mk I: 25.2 in (640 mm)
 * LEC: 21.2 in (540 mm)
 * SMLE No. 5 Mk I: 18.8 in (480 mm)

Cartridge.303 Mk VII SAA BallActionBolt-actionRate of fire20–30 aimed shots per
minuteMuzzle velocity744 m/s (2,441 ft/s)Effective firing range550 yd (503
m)[9]Maximum firing range3,000 yd (2,743 m)[9]Feed system10-round magazine,
loaded with 5-round charger clipsSightsSliding ramp rear sights, fixed-post
front sights, 'dial' long-range volley; telescopic sights on sniper models.
Fixed and adjustable aperture sights incorporated onto later variants.

The Lee–Enfield is a bolt-action, magazine-fed, repeating rifle that served as
the main firearm used by the military forces of the British Empire and
Commonwealth during the first half of the 20th century. It was the British
Army's standard rifle from its official adoption in 1895 until 1957.[10][11] The
WWI versions are often referred to as the 'SMLE', which is short for the common
'Short, Magazine Lee–Enfield' variant.

A redesign of the Lee–Metford (adopted by the British Army in 1888), the
Lee–Enfield superseded the earlier Martini–Henry, Martini–Enfield, and
Lee–Metford rifles. It featured a ten-round box magazine which was loaded with
the .303 Britishcartridge manually from the top, either one round at a time or
by means of five-round chargers. The Lee–Enfield was the standard issue weapon
to rifle companies of the British Army and other Commonwealth nations in both
the First and Second World Wars (these Commonwealth nations included Australia,
New Zealand, Canada, India and South Africa, among others).[12] Although
officially replaced in the UK with the L1A1 SLR in 1957, it remained in
widespread British service until the early/mid-1960s and the 7.62 mmL42A1 sniper
variant remained in service until the 1990s. As a standard-issue infantry rifle,
it is still found in service in the armed forces of some Commonwealth
nations,[13] notably with the Bangladesh Police, which makes it the second
longest-serving military bolt-action rifle still in official service, after the
Mosin–Nagant.[14] The Canadian Rangers unit still use Enfield rifles, with plans
to replace the weapons sometime in 2017–2018 with the new Sako-designed Colt
Canada C19.[15] Total production of all Lee–Enfields is estimated at over 17
million rifles.[8]

The Lee–Enfield takes its name from the designer of the rifle's bolt
system—James Paris Lee—and the factory in which it was designed—the Royal Small
Arms Factory in Enfield.

 * 1Design and history
 * 4Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk III
 * 10Lee–Enfield conversions and training models
 * 11Special service Lee–Enfields: Commando and automatic models
 * 12Conversion to 7.62×51mm NATO
 * 13Production and manufacturers
   * 13.1List of manufacturers


DESIGN AND HISTORY[EDIT]

The Lee–Enfield rifle was derived from the earlier Lee–Metford, a mechanically
similar black-powder rifle, which combined James Paris Lee's rear-locking bolt
system that had a barrel featuring rifling designed by William Ellis Metford.
The Lee action cocked the striker on the closing stroke of the bolt, making the
initial opening much faster and easier compared to the 'cock on opening' (i.e.,
the firing pin cocks upon opening the bolt) of the Mauser Gewehr 98 design. The
bolt has a relatively short bolt throw and features rear-mounted lugs and the
bolt operating handle places the bolt knob just rearwards of the trigger at a
favourable ergonomic position close to the operator's hand. The action features
helical locking surfaces (the technical term is interrupted threading). This
means that final head space is not achieved until the bolt handle is turned down
all the way. The British probably used helical locking lugs to allow for
chambering imperfect or dirty ammunition and that the closing cam action is
distributed over the entire mating faces of both bolt and receiver lugs. This is
one reason the bolt closure feels smooth. The rifle was also equipped with a
detachable sheet-steel, 10-round, double-column magazine, a very modern
development in its day. Originally, the concept of a detachable magazine was
opposed in some British Army circles, as some feared that the private soldier
might be likely to lose the magazine during field campaigns. Early models of the
Lee–Metford and Lee–Enfield even used a short length of chain to secure the
magazine to the rifle.[16] To further facilitate rapid aimed fire the rifle can
be cycled by most riflemen without loss of sight picture.

These design features facilitate rapid cycling and fire compared to other
bolt-action designs like the Mauser.[11] The Lee bolt-action and 10-round
magazine capacity enabled a well-trained rifleman to perform the 'mad minute'
firing 20 to 30 aimed rounds in 60 seconds, making the Lee–Enfield the fastest
military bolt-action rifle of the day. The current world record for aimed
bolt-action fire was set in 1914 by a musketry instructor in the British
Army—Sergeant Instructor Snoxall—who placed 38 rounds into a 12-inch-wide (300
mm) target at 300 yards (270 m) in one minute.[17] Some straight-pull
bolt-action rifles were thought faster, but lacked the simplicity, reliability,
and generous magazine capacity of the Lee–Enfield. Several First World War
accounts tell of British troops repelling German attackers who subsequently
reported that they had encountered machine guns, when in fact it was simply a
group of well-trained riflemen armed with SMLE Mk III rifles.[18][19]

Standard Mk VII .303 inch cartridge for Lee–Enfield rifle


BSA RIFLE SERIAL NUMBERS

The Lee–Enfield was adapted to fire the .303 British service cartridge, a
rimmed, high-powered rifle round. Experiments with smokeless powder in the
existing Lee–Metford cartridge seemed at first to be a simple upgrade, but the
greater heat and pressure generated by the new smokeless powder wore away the
shallow, rounded, Metford rifling after approximately 6000 rounds.[10] Replacing
this with a new square-shaped rifling system designed at the Royal Small Arms
Factory (RSAF) Enfield solved the problem, and the Lee–Enfield was born.[10]


MODELS/MARKS OF LEE–ENFIELD RIFLE AND SERVICE PERIODS[EDIT]

Model/MarkIn serviceMagazine Lee–Enfield1895–1926Charger Loading
Lee–Enfield1906–1926Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk I1904–1926Short Magazine
Lee–Enfield Mk II1906–1927Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk
III/III*1907–presentShort Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk V1922–1924 (trials only;
20,000 produced)Rifle No. 1 Mk VI1930 (trials only; 1,025 produced and leftover
parts assembled into rifles early in WWII)Rifle No. 4 Mk I1931–present (2,500
trials examples produced in the 1930s, then mass production from mid-1941
onwards)Rifle No. 4 Mk I*1942–presentRifle No 5 Mk I 'Jungle
Carbine'1944–present (produced 1944–1947) BSA-Shirley produced 81,329 rifles and
ROF Fazakerley 169,807 rifles.Rifle No. 4 Mk 21949–presentRifle 7.62 mm
2A1964–presentRifle 7.62 mm 2A11965–present


MAGAZINE LEE–ENFIELD[EDIT]

The Lee–Enfield rifle was introduced in November 1895 as the .303 calibre,
Rifle, Magazine, Lee–Enfield,[10] or more commonly Magazine Lee–Enfield, or MLE
(sometimes spoken as 'emily' instead of M, L, E). The next year, a shorter
version was introduced as the Lee–Enfield Cavalry Carbine Mk I, or LEC, with a
21.2-inch (540 mm) barrel as opposed to the 30.2-inch (770 mm) one in the 'long'
version.[10] Both underwent a minor upgrade series in 1899 (the omission of the
cleaning / clearing rod), becoming the Mk I*.[20] Many LECs (and LMCs in smaller
numbers) were converted to special patterns, namely the New Zealand Carbine and
the Royal Irish Constabulary Carbine, or NZ and RIC carbines, respectively.[21]
Some of the MLEs (and MLMs) were converted to load from chargers, and designated
Charger Loading Lee–Enfields, or CLLEs.[22]


SHORT MAGAZINE LEE–ENFIELD MK I[EDIT]

A shorter and lighter version of the original MLE—the famous Rifle, Short,
Magazine, Lee–Enfield, or SMLE (sometimes spoken as 'Smelly', rather than S, M,
L, E)[14]—was introduced on 1 January 1904.[23] The barrel was now halfway in
length between the original long rifle and the carbine, at 25.2 inches (640
mm).[23]

The SMLE's visual trademark was its blunt nose, with only the bayonet boss
protruding a small fraction of an inch beyond the nosecap, being modelled on the
Swedish Model 1894 Cavalry Carbine. The new rifle also incorporated a charger
loading system,[24] another innovation borrowed from the Mauser rifle'[25] and
is notably different from the fixed 'bridge' that later became the standard,
being a charger clip (stripper clip) guide on the face of the bolt head. The
shorter length was controversial at the time: many Rifle Association members and
gunsmiths were concerned that the shorter barrel would not be as accurate as the
longer MLE barrels, that the recoil would be much greater, and the sighting
radius would be too short.[26]


SHORT MAGAZINE LEE–ENFIELD MK III[EDIT]

Short Magazine Lee–Enfield No. 1 Mk. III
Israeli female soldiers equipped with the SMLE Mk III during the 1948
Arab–Israeli War.
Magazine cut-off on an SMLE Mk III rifle. This feature was removed on the Mk
III* rifle.

The iconic Lee–Enfield rifle, the SMLE Mk III, was introduced on 26 January
1907, along with a Pattern 1907 bayonet and featured a simplified rear sight
arrangement and a fixed, rather than a bolt-head-mounted sliding, charger
guide.[14] The design of the handguards and the magazine were also improved, and
the chamber was adapted to fire the new Mk VII High Velocity spitzer .303
ammunition. Many early model rifles, of Magazine Lee–Enfield (MLE), Magazine
Lee–Metford (MLM), and SMLE type, were upgraded to the Mk III standard. These
are designated Mk IV Cond., with various asterisks denoting subtypes.[27]

During the First World War, the SMLE Mk III was found to be too complicated to
manufacture (an SMLE Mk III rifle cost the British Government £3/15/–) and
demand was outstripping supply, so in late 1915 the Mk III* was introduced,
which incorporated several changes, the most prominent of which were the
deletion of the magazine cut-off mechanism, which when engaged permits the
feeding and extraction of single cartridges only while keeping the cartridges in
the magazine in reserve, and the long-range volley sights.[25][27][28][29] The
windage adjustment of the rear sight was also dispensed with, and the cocking
piece was changed from a round knob to a serrated slab.[29] Rifles with some or
all of these features present are found, as the changes were implemented at
different times in different factories and as stocks of existing parts were
used.[30] The magazine cut-off was reinstated after the First World War ended
and not entirely dispensed with in manufacturing until 1933 and some cut-offs
remained on rifles so-equipped into the 1960s.[29]

The inability of the principal manufacturers (RSAF Enfield, The Birmingham Small
Arms Company Limited and London Small Arms Co. Ltd) to meet military production
demands, led to the development of the 'peddled scheme', which contracted out
the production of whole rifles and rifle components to several shell
companies.[31]

The SMLE Mk III* (renamed Rifle No.1 Mk III* in 1926) saw extensive service
throughout the Second World War as well, especially in the North African,
Italian, Pacific and Burmese theatres in the hands of British and Commonwealth
forces. Australia and India retained and manufactured the SMLE Mk III* as their
standard-issue rifle during the conflict, and the rifle remained in Australian
military service through the Korean War, until it was replaced by the L1A1 SLR
in the late 1950s.[32] The Lithgow Small Arms Factory finally ceased production
of the SMLE Mk III* in 1953.[27]

The Rifle Factory Ishapore at Ishapore in India produced the MkIII* in .303
British and then upgraded the manufactured strength by heat treatment of the
receiver and bolt to fire 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition, the model 2A, which
retained the 2000 yard rear sight as the metric conversion of distance was very
close to the flatter trajectory of the new ammunition nature, then changed the
rear sight to 800 m with a re-designation to model 2A1. Manufactured until at
least the 1980s and continues to produce a sporting rifle based on the MkIII*
action.

The rifle became known simply as the 'three-oh-three'.[33]


PATTERN 1913 ENFIELD[EDIT]

Due to the poor performance of the .303 British cartridge during the Second Boer
War from 1899–1902, the British attempted to replace the round and the
Lee–Enfield rifle that fired it. The main deficiency of the rounds at the time
was that they used heavy, round-nosed bullets that had low muzzle velocities and
poor ballistic performance. The 7mm Mauser rounds fired from the Mauser Model
1895 rifle had a higher velocity, flatter trajectory and longer range, making
them superior on the open country of the South African plains. Work on a
long-range replacement cartridge began in 1910 and resulted in the .276 Enfield
in 1912. A new rifle based on the Mauser design was created to fire the round,
called the Pattern 1913 Enfield. Although the .276 Enfield had better
ballistics, troop trials in 1913 revealed problems including excessive recoil,
muzzle flash, barrel wear and overheating. Attempts were made to find a
cooler-burning propellant, but further trials were halted in 1914 by the onset
of World War I. This proved fortunate for the Lee–Enfield, as wartime demand and
the improved Mk VII loading of the .303 round caused it to be retained for
service.[34]


PATTERN 1914/US M1917[EDIT]

The Pattern 1914 Enfield and M1917 Enfield rifles are based on the
Enfield-designed P1913, itself a Mauser 98 derivative and not based on the Lee
action, and are not part of the Lee–Enfield family of rifles, although they are
frequently assumed to be.[35]


INTER-WAR PERIOD[EDIT]

Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk I Long Branch aperture sights

In 1926, the British Army changed their nomenclature; the SMLE became known as
the Rifle No. 1 Mk III or III*, with the original MLE and LEC becoming obsolete
along with the earlier SMLE models.[36] Many Mk III and III* rifles were
converted to .22 rimfire calibre training rifles, and designated Rifle No. 2, of
varying marks. (The Pattern 1914 became the Rifle No. 3.)[36]

The SMLE design was a relatively expensive long arm to manufacture, because of
the many forging and machining operations required. In the 1920s, a series of
experiments resulting in design changes were carried out to help with these
problems, reducing the number of complex parts and refining manufacturing
processes. The SMLE Mk V (later Rifle No. 1 Mk V), adopted a new
receiver-mounted aperture sighting system, which moved the rear sight from its
former position on the barrel.[37] The increased gap resulted in an improved
sighting radius, improving sighting accuracy and the aperture improved speed of
sighting over various distances. In the stowed position, a fixed distance
aperture battle sight calibrated for 300 yd (274 m) protruded saving further
precious seconds when laying the sight to a target. An alternative developed
during this period was to be used on the No. 4 variant, a 'battle sight' was
developed that allowed for two set distances of 300 yards and 600 yards to be
quickly deployed and was cheaper to produce than the 'ladder sight'. The
magazine cutoff was also reintroduced and an additional band was added near the
muzzle for additional strength during bayonet use.[37] The design was found to
be even more complicated and expensive to manufacture than the Mk III and was
not developed or issued, beyond a trial production of about 20,000 rifles
between 1922 and 1924 at RSAF Enfield.[37]


LEE–ENFIELD NO. 1 MK V[EDIT]

Long before the No. 4 Mk I, Britain had obviously settled on the rear aperture
sight prior to WWI, with modifications to the SMLE being tested as early as
1911, as well as later on the No. 1 Mk III pattern rifle. These unusual rifles
have something of a mysterious service history, but represent a missing link in
SMLE development. The primary distinguishing feature of the No. 1 Mk V is the
rear aperture sight. Like the No. 1 Mk III* it lacked a volley sight and had the
wire loop in place of the sling swivel at the front of magazine well along with
the simplified cocking piece. The Mk V did retain a magazine cut-off, but
without a spotting hole, the piling swivel was kept attached to a forward barrel
band, which was wrapped over and attached to the rear of the nose cap to
reinforce the rifle for use with the standard Pattern 1907 bayonet. Other
distinctive features include a nose cap screw was slotted for the width of a
coin for easy removal, a safety lever on the left side of the receiver was
slightly modified with a unique angular groove pattern, and the two-piece hand
guard being extended from the nose cap to the receiver, omitting the barrel
mounted leaf sight. No. 1 Mk V rifles were manufactured solely by R.S.A.F.
Enfield from 1922–1924, with a total production of roughly 20,000 rifles, all of
which marked with a 'V'.

The No. 1 Mk VI also introduced a heavier 'floating barrel' that was independent
of the forearm, allowing the barrel to expand and contract without contacting
the forearm and interfering with the 'zero', the correlation between the
alignment of the barrel and the sights. The floating barrel increased the
accuracy of the rifle by allowing it to vibrate freely and consistently, whereas
wooden forends in contact with barrels, if not properly fitted, affected the
harmonic vibrations of the barrel. The receiver-mounted rear sights and magazine
cutoff were also present and 1,025 units were produced in the 1930 period.[38]


RIFLE NO. 4[EDIT]

Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk I
Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk 2 with the ladder aperture sight flipped up and 5-round
charger

In the early 1930s, a batch of 2,500 No. 4 Mk. I rifles were made for Trials.
These were similar to the No. 1 Mk. VI but had a flat left side and did away
with the chequering on the furniture. Observed examples are dated 1931 and 1933.
Roughly 1,400 of these were converted to No. 4 MK. I (T) sniper rifles in
1941–1942 at RSAF Enfield.

By the late 1930s, the need for new rifles grew and the Rifle, No. 4 Mk I was
officially adopted in 1941.[39] The No. 4 action was similar to the No.1 Mk VI,
but stronger and most importantly, easier to mass-produce.[40] Unlike the SMLE,
that had a nose cap, the No 4 Lee–Enfield barrel protruded from the end of the
forestock. For easier machining, the charger bridge was no longer rounded.The
iron sight line was redesigned and featured a rear receiver aperture battle
sight calibrated for 300 yd (274 m) with an additional ladder aperture sight
that could be flipped up and was calibrated for 200–1,300 yd (183–1,189 m) in
100 yd (91 m) increments. This sight, like other aperture sights, proved to be
faster and more accurate than the typical mid-barrel open rear sight elements
sight lines offered by Mauser, previous Lee–Enfields or the Buffington battle
sight of the 1903 Springfield.

The No. 4 rifle was heavier than the No. 1 Mk. III, largely due to its heavier
barrel. A new bayonet was designed to go with the rifle: a spike bayonet, which
was essentially a steel rod with a sharp point and was nicknamed 'pigsticker' by
soldiers.[40] Towards the end of the Second World War, a bladed bayonet was
developed for the No.5 Mk.I rifle (“Jungle Carbine”.) Post-war versions were
made that would fit No. 4 rifles and were designated No. 7 and No. 9 blade
bayonets.[41]

During the course of the Second World War, the No. 4 rifle was further
simplified for mass-production with the creation of the No. 4 Mk I* in 1942,
with the bolt release catch replaced by a simpler notch on the bolt track of the
rifle's receiver.[42] It was produced only in North America, by Small Arms
Limited at Long Branch in Canada and Stevens-Savage Firearms in the USA.[42] The
No.4 rifle was primarily produced for the United Kingdom, Canada and some other
Commonwealth countries such as New Zealand. [43]

In the years after the Second World War, the British produced the No. 4 Mk 2
(Arabic numerals replaced Roman numerals for official designations in 1944)
rifle, a refined and improved No. 4 rifle with the trigger hung forward from the
butt collar and not from the trigger guard, beech wood stocks (with the original
reinforcing strap and centre piece of wood in the rear of the forestock on the
No.4 Mk I/Mk I* being removed in favour of a tie screw and nut) and brass
“gunmetal” buttplates (during World War II, the British, Americans and Canadians
replaced the brass buttplates on the No.4 rifles with a zinc alloy (Zamak) type
to reduce costs and to speed up rifle production). Near the end of the war and
post-war, Canada made blued steel buttplates. [44] With the introduction of the
No. 4 Mk 2 rifle, the British refurbished many of their existing stocks of No. 4
rifles and brought them up to the same standard as the No. 4 Mk 2.[45] No. 4 Mk
1 rifles so upgraded were re-designated No. 4 Mk I/2, whilst No. 4 Mk I* rifles
that were brought up to Mk 2 standard were re-designated No. 4 Mk I/3.[42]


RIFLE NO. 5 MK I—THE 'JUNGLE CARBINE'[EDIT]

Rifle No 5 on display at the Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces Museum.

Later in the war, the need for a shorter, lighter rifle forced the development
of the Rifle, No. 5 Mk I (the 'Jungle Carbine').[46] With a cut-down stock, a
prominent flash hider, and a 'lightening-cut' receiver machined to remove all
unnecessary metal, reduced barrel length of 18.8 in (478 mm) the No. 5 was
shorter and 2 lb (0.9 kg) lighter. Despite a rubber butt-pad, the .303 round
produced excessive recoil due to the shorter barrel. It was unsuitable for
general issue and production ceased in 1947, due to an 'inherent fault in the
design', often claimed to be a 'wandering zero' and accuracy problems.[47]

The No. 5 iron sight line was similar to the No. 4 Mark I and featured a rear
receiver aperture battle sight calibrated for 300 yd (274 m) with an additional
ladder aperture sight that could be flipped up and was calibrated for 200–800 yd
(183–732 m) in 100 yd (91 m) increments. The No. 5 Mk I was popular with
soldiers owing to its light weight, portability and shorter length than a
standard Lee–Enfield rifle.[48] The No. 5 was first issued to the British 1st
Airborne Division and used during their liberation of Denmark and Norway in
1945. BSA-Shirley, Birmingham produced 81,329 rifles and ROF Fazakerley,
Liverpool 169,807 rifles. It was equipped with a No. 5 Mk. I blade bayonet which
had a large muzzle ring to fit over the flash hider. The No. 7 Mk. I/L bayonet,
which has a rotating handle and a large ring on the cross-guard was not for the
No. 5 Mk. I rifle as many collectors believe.

An Australian experimental version of the No. 5 Mk I, designated Rifle, No. 6,
Mk I[49] was also developed, using an SMLE MK III* as a starting point (as
opposed to the No. 4 Mk I used to develop the No. 5 Mk I). The Australian
military were not permitted to manufacture the No. 4 Mk I, because the Lithgow
Small Arms Factory was producing the SMLE Mk III. The No. 6 Mk I never entered
full production and examples are rare and valuable to collectors.[46] A
'Shortened and Lightened' version of the SMLE Mk III* rifle was also tested by
the Australian military and a very small number were manufactured at SAF Lithgow
during the course of the Second World War.[50]

Washburn Guitars has a storied history that started in Chicago in 1883. Each
type of Washburn guitar has a model number, which is used to identify the guitar
on websites and in catalogs. Aug 11, 2015  As you can tell on the second picture
is this is a Washburn made in 2000, but what has me stumped is there is a
different serial number near the inside by the neck. The Washburn distributor
who I purchased the guitar from had two of them serial # 000133 which I
purchased and # 000135. They were identical instruments and I had thought at the
time that they were numbered by production order a process that Washburn
disputes. Sep 20, 2009  The serial number will tell you a lot. Sammick guitar
factory in Indonesia (SI). The first 1 or 2 numbers indicate the year of
manufacture, so without knowing the condition of the guitar, or it's history, my
first inclination would be to say it was a 2004. Vintage washburn guitar serial
numbers.

The term 'Jungle Carbine' was popularised in the 1950s by the Santa Fe Arms
Corporation, a U.S. importer who refurbished many surplus rifles, converting
many of the No. 4 marks, in the hope of increasing sales of a rifle that had
little U.S. market penetration. It was never an official military designation
but British and Commonwealth troops serving in the Burmese and Pacific theatres
during World War II had been known to unofficially refer to the No. 5 Mk I as a
'Jungle Carbine'.[46] The No. 4 and No. 5 rifles served in Korea (as did the
No.1 Mk III* SMLE and sniper 'T' variants, mostly with Australian troops).[14]


LEE–ENFIELD CONVERSIONS AND TRAINING MODELS[EDIT]


SNIPER RIFLES[EDIT]

Canadian sniperSergeant Harold Marshall carries a No. 4 Mk. I (T) chambered in
.303 British.


BSA SERIAL NUMBER SEARCH

L42A1 sniper rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO.

During both World Wars and the Korean War, a number of Lee–Enfield rifles were
modified for use as sniper rifles. The Australian Army modified 1,612[51]
Lithgow SMLE No. 1 Mk. III* rifles by adding a heavy target barrel, cheek-piece,
and a World War I era Pattern 1918 telescope, creating the SMLE No. 1 Mk. III*
(HT). (HT standing for 'Heavy Barrel, Telescopic Sight),[14] which saw service
in the Second World War, Korea, and Malaya and was used for Sniper Training
through to the late 1970s.[52]

During the Second World War, standard No. 4 rifles, selected for their accuracy
during factory tests, were modified by the addition of a wooden cheek
rising-piece, and telescopic sight mounts designed to accept a No. 32 3.5×
telescopic sight.[53] These rifles were designated as the No. 4 Mk. I (T). The
accuracy requirement was ability to place 7 of 7 shots in a 5 inches (12.7 cm)
circle at 200 yards (183 m) and 6 of 7 shots in a 10 inches (25.4 cm) circle at
400 yards (366 m). The wooden cheek-piece was attached with two screws. The rear
'battle sight' was ground off to make room to attach the No. 32 telescope sight
to the left side of the receiver. Each No. 32 and its bracket (mount) were
matched and serial numbered to a specific rifle.[54]

In British service, the No. 32 telescope progressed through three marks with the
Mk. I introduced in 1942, the Mk. II in 1943 and finally the Mk. III (Mk. 3) in
1944. A transitional model the No. 32 Mk. 2/1 was also made. The Canadian scopes
made by Research Enterprises Limited and were prefixed with a letter C and went
through C no. 32 Mk. I, Mk. I A (a transitional model), Mk. II and Mk. 3. Many
Mk. 3s and Mk. 2/1s (Mk. 2s Modified to Mk. 3 standard) were later modified for
use with the 7.62×51mm NATO L42A1 Sniper Rifle. They were then known by the
designation Telescope Straight, Sighting L1A1.

Initial production was 1,403 conversions of 1931–1933 troop trials No. 4 Mk. I
rifles at RSAF Enfield and a few others including Stevens-Savage No. 4s. These
were converted in late 1941 and into the later part of 1942. Then, the work was
assigned to Holland & Holland, the famous British sporting gun manufacturers,
which converted about 23,000 No. 4 Mk. I (T) and No. 4 Mk. I* (T) sniper rifles.
The Holland & Holland conversions usually have the contractor code 'S51' on the
underside of the buttstock. BSA Shirley undertook 100 conversions to .22'. James
Purdey and Sons fitted special buttstocks later in the war. About 3,000 rifles,
mostly Stevens-Savage, appear to have been partially converted by Holland &
Holland but never received brackets, scopes of the final 'T' mark. Canada
converted about 1,588 rifles at Small Arms Limited (to the end of 1945) and, in
1946, at Canadian Arsenals Limited. Both were located at Long Branch, Ontario.
Most of the Canadian made No.4 Mk.I* (T) sniper equipments went into British
service. The No.4 (T) rifles were extensively employed in various conflicts
until the late 1960s.

The British military switched over to the 7.62×51mm NATO round in the 1950s;
starting in 1970, over 1,000 of the No. 4 Mk I (T) and No. 4 Mk. I* (T) sniper
rifles were converted to this new calibre and designated L42A1.[44] The L42A1
sniper rifle continued as the British Army's standard sniper weapon being phased
out by 1993, and replaced by Accuracy International's L96.[55]

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.22 TRAINING RIFLES[EDIT]

Numbers of Lee–Enfield rifles were converted to .22 calibre training rifles,[56]
in order to teach cadets and new recruits the various aspects of shooting,
firearms safety, and marksmanship at a markedly reduced cost per round.
Initially, rifles were converted from obsolete Magazine Lee–Metford and Magazine
Lee–Enfield rifles[57][58] but from the First World War onwards SMLE rifles were
used instead. These were known as .22 Pattern 1914 Short Rifles[59] during The
First World War and Rifle, No. 2 Mk. IV[60] from 1921 onwards.[61] They were
generally single-shot affairs, originally using Morris tubes chambered for cheap
.22L cartridge and some larger types, circa 1907. Some were later modified with
special adaptors to enable magazine loading. In 1914, Enfield produced complete
.22 barrels and bolts specifically for converting .303 units, and these soon
became the most common conversion. A five-round .22 cal 'Parker-Hiscock'
magazine was also developed and in service for a relatively short period during
the later period of the First World War, but was subsequently withdrawn from
issue due to reliability problems with its quite complicated loading and feeding
mechanism.[62][63] No. 2 Mk. IV rifles are externally identical to a .303
calibre SMLE Mk III* rifle, the only difference being the .22 calibre barrel,
empty magazine case, bolthead and extractor which have been modified to fire .22
calibre rimfire cartridges.[64]

After the Second World War, the Rifle, No. 7, Rifle, No. 8 and Rifle, No. 9, all
.22 rimfire trainers and/or target rifles based on the Lee action, were adopted
or in use with Cadet units and target shooters throughout the Commonwealth, the
No.8 as of 2017 has been replaced among cadet forces due to
obsolescence.[65][66]

In Britain, a .22RF version of the No.5 Rifle was prototyped by BSA and trialled
with a view to it becoming the British Service training rifle when the .303'CF
No.5 was initially mooted as being a potential replacement for the No.4
Rifle.[67]

The C No.7 22' MK.I rifle is a .22 single shot, manually fed, training version
of the No.4 Mk I* rifle manufactured at Long Branch.[68] Production of this
model was 1944–1946 and a few in 1950 to 1953.[69]


MUSKETS AND SHOTGUNS[EDIT]

Conversion of rifles to smoothbored guns was carried out in several locations,
at various times, for varying reasons.

SAF Lithgow, in Australia, produced shotguns based on the MkIII action under the
'Slazenger' name, chambering the common commercial .410 shotgun shell.[70]
Commercial gunsmiths in Australia and Britain converted both MkIII and No4
rifles to .410 shotguns. These conversions were prompted by firearms legislation
that made possession of a rifle chambered in a military cartridge both difficult
and expensive. Smoothbored shotguns could be legally held with far less trouble.

RFI, in India, converted a large number of MkIII rifles to single shot muskets,
chambered for the .410 Indian Musket cartridge. These conversions were for issue
to police and prison guards, to provide a firearm with a much-reduced power and
range in comparison to the .303 cartridge. A further likely consideration was
the difficulty of obtaining replacement ammunition in the event of the rifle's
theft or the carrier's desertion.

While British and Australian conversions were to the standard commercially
available .410 shotgun cartridge (though of varying chamber lengths) the Indian
conversions have been the source of considerable confusion. The Indian
conversions were originally chambered for the .410 Indian Musket cartridge,
which is based on the .303 British cartridge, and will not chamber the common
.410 shotgun cartridge. Many of these muskets were rechambered, after being sold
as surplus, and can now be used with commercially available ammunition.
Unmodified muskets require handloading of ammunition, as the .410 Indian Musket
cartridge was not commercially distributed and does not appear to have been
manufactured since the 1950s.

Numerous attempts have been made to convert the various single-shot .410 shotgun
models to a bolt-action repeating model by removing the wooden magazine plug and
replacing it with a standard 10-round SMLE magazine. None of these is known to
have been successful,[71] though some owners have adapted 3-round magazines for
Savage and Stevens shotguns to function in a converted SMLE shotgun, or even
placing such a magazine inside a gutted SMLE magazine.


CIVILIAN CONVERSIONS AND VARIANTS[EDIT]

From the late 1940s, legislation in New South Wales, Australia, heavily
restricted .303 British calibre (and other 'military calibre') rifles,[72] so
large numbers of SMLEs were converted to 'wildcat' calibres such as .303/25,
.303/22, .303/270 and the popular 7.7×54mm round.[73] 303/25 calibre sporterised
SMLEs are very common in Australia today, although ammunition for them has been
very scarce since the 1980s.[72] The restrictions placed on 'military calibre'
rifles in New South Wales were lifted in 1975, and many people who had converted
their Lee–Enfields to the 'wildcat' rounds converted their rifles back to .303
British.[72] Post-Second World War, SAF Lithgow converted a number of SMLE
rifles to commercial sporting rifles- notably the .22 Hornet model- under the
'Slazenger' brand.[74]

In the early 1950s Essential Agencies Ltd. (E.A.L.), of Toronto, Ontario,
produced a run of several thousand survival rifles based on the No. 4 action,
but lightened and shortened, chambered in .303 British. Serial numbers below
6000 were for civilian sale, serial numbers 6000 and higher were built under
contract to the Canadian government. The Royal Canadian Air Force also used
these as a survival rifle in the remote parts of Canada.[citation needed]


L59A1 DRILL RIFLE[EDIT]

The L59A1 was a conversion of the No4 Rifle (all Marks) to a Drill Purpose Rifle
that was incapable of being restored to a firing configuration. It was
introduced in service in the 1970s. A conversion specification of No.1 rifles to
L59A2 Drill Purpose was also prepared but was abandoned due to the greater
difficulty of machining involved and the negligible numbers still in the hands
of cadet units.

The L59A1 arose from British government concerns over the vulnerability of Army
Cadet Force and school Combined Cadet Forces' (CCF) stocks of small arms to
theft by terrorists, in particular the Irish Republican Army following raids on
CCF armouries in the 1950s and 1960s. Previous conversions to Drill Purpose (DP)
of otherwise serviceable rifles were not considered to be sufficiently incapable
of restoration to fireable state and were a potential source of reconversion
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L59A1 Drill Rifles were rendered incapable of being fired, and of being restored
to a fireable form, by extensive modifications that included the welding of the
barrel to the receiver, modifications to the receiver that removed the
supporting structures for the bolt's locking lugs and blocking the installation
of an unaltered bolt, the removal of the striker's tip, the blocking of the
striker's hole in the bolt head and the removal of most of the bolt body's
locking lugs. Most bolts were copper plated for identification. A plug was
welded in place forward of the chamber, and a window was cut in the side of the
barrel. The stock and fore end was marked with broad white painted bands and the
letters 'DP' for easy identification.


SPECIAL SERVICE LEE–ENFIELDS: COMMANDO AND AUTOMATIC MODELS[EDIT]


CHARLTON AUTOMATIC RIFLES[EDIT]

Charlton Automatic Rifle.

Small numbers of Lee–Enfield rifles were built as, or converted to, experimental
automatic loading systems, such as the British Howell and South African Rieder
and the best-known of which was the Charlton Automatic Rifle, designed by a New
Zealander, Philip Charlton in 1941 to act as a substitute for the Bren and Lewis
gun light machine guns which were in chronically short supply at the
time.[75][76] During the Second World War, the majority of New Zealand's land
forces were deployed in North Africa. When Japan entered the war in 1941, New
Zealand found itself lacking the light machine guns that would be required for
local defence should Japan choose to invade, and so the New Zealand Government
funded the development of self-loading conversions for the Lee–Enfield
rifle.[77] The end result was the Charlton Automatic Rifle (based on the
obsolete MLE), [78] which was issued to Home Guard units in NZ from 1942. Over
1,500 conversions were made, including a handful by Electrolux using Lithgow
SMLE Mk III* rifles.[79]

The two Charlton designs differed markedly in external appearance (amongst other
things, the New Zealand Charlton had a forward pistol grip and bipod, whilst the
Australian one did not), but shared the same operating mechanism.[80] Most of
the Charlton Automatic Rifles were destroyed in a fire after the Second World
War,[81] but a few examples survive in museums and private collections.


DE LISLE COMMANDO CARBINE[EDIT]

The initial wooden-stocked De Lisle with a fitted suppressor.

The Commando units of the British military requested a suppressed rifle for
killing sentries, guard dogs and other clandestine operational uses during the
Second World War. The resulting weapon, designed by W.G. De Lisle, was
effectively an SMLE Mk III* receiver redesigned to take a .45 ACP cartridge and
associated magazine, with a barrel from a Thompson submachine gun and an
integrated suppressor.[28] It was produced in very limited numbers and an
experimental folding stock version was made.


EKINS AUTOMATIC RIFLE[EDIT]

The Ekins Automatic Rifle was one of the numerous attempts to convert a
Lee–Enfield SMLE to an automatic rifle.[77] Similar developments were the South
African Rieder and Charlton of Australian/New Zealand origin.


HOWARD FRANCIS CARBINE[EDIT]

Howard Francis Self-Loading Carbine TypeCarbinePlace of originUnited
KingdomProduction historyDesignerHoward FrancisSpecificationsMass3.7 kg (8.2
lb)Length812 mm (32.0 in)Barrel length324 mm (12.8 in)Cartridge7.63×25mm
MauserRate of fireSemi-automaticFeed system12-round box magazineSightsIron
sights

The Howard Francis Self-Loading Carbine was a conversion of a No. 1 Mk III to
the 7.63×25mm Mauser pistol cartridge.[82] It fired in semi-automatic only and
suffered some feeding and extraction problems and, despite meeting accuracy and
soundness of design concept, never made it past the prototype stage.


HOWELL AUTOMATIC RIFLE[EDIT]

The Howell Automatic Rifle was the first attempt to convert the Lee–Enfield SMLE
into a semi-automatic rifle. The weapon was reliable but unergonomic for the
user as the force of the recoiling bolt interfered with handling.


RIEDER AUTOMATIC RIFLE[EDIT]

The Rieder Automatic Rifle was an automatic (full automatic only) Lee–Enfield
SMLE rifle of South African origin. The Rieder device could be installed
straight away without the use of tools.


CONVERSION TO 7.62×51MM NATO[EDIT]

During the 1960s, the British Government and the Ministry of Defence converted a
number of Lee–Enfield No. 4 rifles to 7.62×51mm NATO as part of a programme to
retain the Lee–Enfield as a reserve weapon.[83] The Lee–Enfield No. 4 series
rifles that were converted to 7.62×51mm NATO were re-designated as the L8 series
of rifles with the rifles being refitted with 7.62×51mm NATO barrels, new bolt
faces and extractor claws, new rear sights and new 10-round 7.62×51mm NATO
magazines that were produced by RSAF Enfield to replace the old 10-round .303
British magazines.[84] The appearance of the L8 series rifles were no different
from the original No. 4 rifles, except for the new barrel (which still retained
the original No.4 rifle bayonet lugs) and magazine.[85] The L8 series of rifles
consisted of L8A1 rifles (converted No.4 Mk2 rifles), L8A2 rifles (converted
No.4 Mk1/2 rifles), L8A3 rifles (converted No.4 Mk1/3 rifles), L8A4 rifles
(converted No.4 Mk1 rifles), and L8A5 rifles (converted No.4 Mk1* rifles).

Sterling Armaments of Dagenham, Essex produced a conversion kit comprising a new
7.62mm barrel, magazine, extractor and ejector for commercial sale. The main
difference between the two conversions was in the cartridge ejection
arrangement; the Enfield magazine carried a hardened steel projection that
struck the rim of the extracted case to eject it, the Sterling system employed a
spring-loaded plunger inserted into the receiver wall.

The results of the trials that were conducted on the L8 series rifles were mixed
and the British Government and the Ministry of Defence decided not to convert
their existing stocks of Lee–Enfield No. 4 rifles to 7.62×51mm NATO. Despite
this, the British learned from the results of the L8 test program and used them
in successfully converting their stocks of No. 4 (T) sniper rifles to 7.62×51mm
NATO, which led to the creation of the L42A1 series sniper rifles.[86]

In the late 1960s, RSAF Enfield entered the commercial market by producing
No.4-based 7.62×51mm rifles for sale. The products were marketed under
alliterative names e.g. Enfield Envoy, a rifle intended for civilian competition
target shooting and Enfield Enforcer, a rifle fitted with a Pecar telescopic
sight to suit the requirements of police firearms teams.


ISHAPORE 2A/2A1[EDIT]

Ishapore 2A1.

At some point just after the Sino-Indian War of 1962, the Rifle Factory Ishapore
in India began producing a new type of rifle known as the Rifle 7.62 mm 2A,
which was based on the SMLE Mk III*[87] and was slightly redesigned to use the
7.62×51mm NATO round. Externally the new rifle is very similar to the classic Mk
III*, with the exception of the buttplate (the buttplate from the 1A SLR is
fitted) and magazine, which is more 'square' than the SMLE magazine, and usually
carries twelve rounds instead of ten,[88] although a number of 2A1s have been
noted with 10-round magazines.

Ishapore 2A and Ishapore 2A1 receivers are made with improved (EN) steel (to
handle the increased pressures of the 7.62×51mm round)[89] and the extractor is
redesigned to suit the rimless cartridge. From 1965 to 1975 (when production is
believed to have been discontinued), the sight ranging graduations were changed
from 2000 to 800, and the rifle re-designated Rifle 7.62 mm 2A1.[90] The
original 2,000 yards (1,800 m) rear sight arm was found to be suitable for the
ballistics of the 7.62×51mm, which is around 10% more powerful and equates to a
flatter trajectory than that of the .303 British MkVII ammunition, so it was a
simple matter to think of the '2000' as representing metres rather than yards.
It was then decided that the limit of the effective range was a more realistic
proposition at 800 m.

The Ishapore 2A and 2A1 rifles are often incorrectly described as '.308
conversions'. The 2A/2A1 rifles are not conversions of .303 calibre SMLE Mk III*
rifles. Rather, they are newly manufactured firearms and are not technically
chambered for commercial .308 Winchester ammunition. However, many 2A/2A1 owners
shoot such ammunition in their rifles with no problems, although some factory
loaded .308 Winchester cartridges may appear to generate higher pressures than
7.62×51mm NATO, even though the rounds are otherwise interchangeable – this is
due to the different systems of pressure measurement used for NATO and
commercial cartridges.


PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURERS[EDIT]

In total, over 16 million Lee–Enfields had been produced in several factories on
different continents when production in Britain shut down in 1956, at the Royal
Ordnance FactoryROF Fazakerley in Liverpool after that factory had been plagued
with industrial unrest. The machinery from ROF Fazakerley was sold to Pakistan
Ordnance Factories (POF) in Rawalpindi where production and repair of the No.4
rifle was continued from 1957.[91][92] Also contributing to the total was the
Rifle Factory Ishapore (RFI) at Ishapore in India, which continued to produce
the SMLE in both .303 and 7.62×51mm NATO until the 1980s, and is still
manufacturing a sporting rifle based on the SMLE Mk III action, chambered for a
.315 calibre cartridge[93] the Birmingham Small Arms Company factory at Shirley
near Birmingham, and SAF Lithgow in Australia, who finally discontinued
production of the SMLE Mk III* with a final 'machinery proving' batch of 1000
rifles in early 1956, using 1953-dated receivers. During the First World War
alone, 3.8 million SMLE rifles were produced in the UK by RSAF Enfield, BSA, and
LSA.[94]

The wristguard markings on a 1918-dated Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk III* rifle
manufactured by the London Small Arms Co. Ltd. The 'G.R.' under the crown stands
for 'George Rex' and refers to the reigning monarch at the time the rifle was
manufactured.


LIST OF MANUFACTURERS[EDIT]


LEE ENFIELD NO1 MK111 SERIAL NUMBER DATABASE

The manufacturer's names found on the MLE, CLLE, and SMLE Mk I—Mk III* rifles
and variants are:

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MarkingManufacturerCountryEnfieldRoyal Small Arms Factory EnfieldUnited
KingdomSparkbrookRoyal Small Arms Factory SparkbrookUnited KingdomBSA CoThe
Birmingham Small Arms Company LimitedUnited KingdomLSA CoLondon Small Arms Co.
LtdUnited KingdomLithgowLithgow Small Arms FactoryAustraliaGRIRifle Factory
IshaporeBritish IndiaRFIRifle Factory IshaporeIndia (Post-Independence)

Note 1: 'SSA' and 'NRF' markings are sometimes encountered on First World
War-dated SMLE Mk III* rifles. These stand for 'Standard Small Arms' and
'National Rifle Factory', respectively. Rifles so marked were assembled using
parts from various other manufacturers, as part of a scheme during the First
World War to boost rifle production in the UK. Only SMLE Mk III* rifles are
known to have been assembled under this program.

Note 2: GRI stands for 'Georgius Rex, Imperator' (Latin for 'King George,
Emperor (of India)', denoting a rifle made during the British Raj. RFI stands
for 'Rifle Factory, Ishapore', denoting a rifle made after the Partition of
India in 1947.

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For the No. 4 Mk I, No. 4 Mk I* and No. 4 Mk 2 rifles:

MarkingManufacturerCountryROF (F)Royal Ordnance Factory FazakerleyUnited
KingdomROF (M)Royal Ordnance Factory MaltbyUnited KingdomBThe Birmingham Small
Arms Company LimitedUnited KingdomM47 and later M47CBirmingham Small Arms
Factory (Shirley)United KingdomLong BranchSmall Arms Limited and later, Canadian
Arsenals LimitedCanadaSquared S and US PROPERTYSavage ArmsU.S.POFPakistan
Ordnance FactoriesPakistan

Note 1: Second World War UK production rifles had manufacturer codes for
security reasons. For example, BSA Shirley is denoted by M47C, ROF(M) is often
simply stamped 'M', and BSA is simply stamped 'B'.

Note 2: Savage-made Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk I and No. 4 Mk I* rifles are all
stamped 'US PROPERTY'. They were supplied to the UK under the Lend-Lease
programme during the Second World War. No Savage Lee–Enfields were ever issued
to the US military; the markings existed solely to maintain the pretence that
American equipment was being lent to the UK rather than permanently sold to
them.[95]

AUSTRALIAN INTERNATIONAL ARMS NO. 4 MK IV[EDIT]

AIA M10-B2 Match Rifle

The Brisbane-based Australian International Arms also manufactured a modern
reproduction of the No. 4 Mk II rifle, which they marketed as the AIA No. 4 Mk
IV. The rifles were manufactured by parts outsourcing and were assembled and
finished in Australia, chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO and fed from modified M14
magazines. The No. 4 Mk IV was designed with the modern shooter in mind, and has
the ability to mount a telescopic sight without drilling and tapping the
receiver.[96] AIA also offered the AIA M10-A1 rifle, a Jungle Carbine-styled
version chambered in 7.62×39mm Russian, which uses AK-47 magazines.[97] Magazine
supply/importation (M14 and AK 10 single stack mag) whilst legal in Australia,
it has been spasmodically curtailed by Australian Federal Customs (for more
information, see Gun politics in Australia). It is possible to obtain a 10-round
(the maximum allowed by law) M14 magazines for the M10-B2 match rifles in
particular, provided an import permit from the appropriate Licensing Services
Division can be obtained in some States, yet Australian Federal Customs may
still refuse importation on no valid grounds.[98]


KHYBER PASS COPIES[EDIT]

A number of British Service Rifles, predominantly the Martini–Henry and
Martini–Enfield, but also the various Lee–Enfield rifles, have been produced by
small manufacturers in the Khyber Pass region of the Pakistani/Afghan
border.[99]

'Khyber Pass Copies', as they are known, tend to be copied exactly from a
'master' rifle, which may itself be a Khyber Pass Copy, markings and all, which
is why it's not uncommon to see Khyber Pass rifles with the 'N' in 'Enfield'
reversed, amongst other things.[100]

The quality on such rifles varies from 'as good as a factory-produced example'
to 'dangerously unsafe', tending towards the latter end of the scale. Khyber
Pass Copy rifles cannot generally stand up to the pressures generated by modern
commercial ammunition,[100] and are generally considered unsafe to fire under
any circumstances.[14]

Khyber Pass Copies can be recognised by a number of factors, notably:

 * Spelling errors in the markings; as noted the most common of which is a
   reversed 'N' in 'Enfield')
 * V.R. (Victoria Regina) cyphers dated after 1901; Queen Victoria died in 1901,
   so any rifles made after 1901 should be stamped 'E.R' (Edwardius Rex—King
   Edward VII or King Edward VIII) or 'G.R' (Georgius Rex—King George V or King
   George VI).
 * Generally inferior workmanship, including weak/soft metal, poorly finished
   wood, and badly struck markings.[100]


ARMALON[EDIT]

British company Armalon Ltd[101] developed a number of rifles based on the Lee
Enfield No 4. The PC Gallery Rifle is a carbine in pistol and revolver calibres,
the AL42 a 5.56 mm rifle and the AL30C, a carbine in .30 Carbine.


THE LEE–ENFIELD IN MILITARY/POLICE USE TODAY[EDIT]

An Afghan mujahid carries a Lee–Enfield in August 1985
Canadian Rangers, photographed in Nunavut, June 2011

The Lee–Enfield family of rifles is the second oldest bolt-action rifle design
still in official service, after the Mosin–Nagant.[14] Lee–Enfield rifles are
used by reserve forces and police forces in many Commonwealth countries,
including Malawi. In Canada the .303' and .22' models are being phased out
[2016]. Indian police officers carrying SMLE Mk III* and Ishapore 2A1 rifles
were a familiar sight throughout railway stations in India after Mumbai train
bombings of 2006 and the November 2008 Mumbai attacks. They are also still seen
in the hands of Pakistani and Bangladeshi second-line and police units. However,
the Lee–Enfield was mainly replaced in main-line service in the Pakistani Police
in the mid-1980s by the AK 47, in response to increasing proliferation of the
Kalashnikov in the black market and civilian use. In Jordan, the Lee–Enfield was
in use with the Police and Gendarmerie until 1971, and with the Armed Forces
until 1965. In Iraq and Egypt, the Lee–Enfield was replaced by the Kalashnikov
as the standard issue rifle in the Armed Forces by the late 1950s, and in Police
Forces by the late 1970s.In the UK, the single-shot .22 calibre Rifle No. 8 is
in regular use with UK Cadet Forces as a light target rifle.[102] Enfields
continue to be used as drill weapons by the National Ceremonial Guard of the
South African National Defence Force (SANDF).[103]

Many Afghan participants in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were armed with
Lee–Enfields.[104] The CIA's Operation Cyclone provided hundreds of thousands of
Enfields to the Mujahideen, funneling them through Pakistan's ISI. CIA officer
Gust Avrakotos later arranged for the Egyptian Ministry of Defence to set up
production lines of Enfield .303 ammunition specifically for the conflict. Later
on when Avrakotos asked Michael Vickers to revamp their strategy, he stopped the
Enfield system and, with the large amounts of money available thanks to Charlie
Wilson, replaced them with a mix of modern weapons like AK-47s and mortars.[105]

An SMLE owned by Maoist rebels in Nepal, 2005.

Khyber Pass Copies patterned after the Lee–Enfield are still manufactured in the
Khyber Pass region, as bolt-action rifles remain effective weapons in desert and
mountain environments where long-range accuracy is more important than rate of
fire.[14] Lee–Enfield rifles are still popular in the region, despite the
presence and ready availability of more modern weapons such as the SKS-45, the
AKM, the Chinese Type 56 assault rifle, and the AK-74.[14][106] As of 2012,
Lee–Enfield rifles (along with Mosin–Nagants) are still being used by the
Taliban insurgents against NATO/Allied forces in Afghanistan.[91]

During the recent civil war in Nepal, the government troops were issued
Lee–Enfield rifles to fight the Maoist rebels, and the Maoists were also armed
with SMLE rifles, amongst other weapons. Nepalese Police constables may also be
usually seen equipped with SMLE rifles.[107] Lee–Enfield rifles have also been
seen in the hands of both the Naxalites and the Indian police in the ongoing
Maoist insurgency in rural India.

Police forces in both the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu continue to operate and
maintain stocks of No.4 rifles.[108] The Tongan security forces also retain a
substantial number of No.4 rifles donated from New Zealand's reserve
stocks.[108]

Lee Enfield rifles are used by the Jamaica Constabulary force for training
recruits during field-craft exercises and drills.


THE LEE–ENFIELD IN CIVILIAN USE[EDIT]

Lee–Enfields are very popular as hunting rifles and target shooting rifles. Many
surplus Lee–Enfield rifles were sold in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South
Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States after the Second World War, and
a fair number have been 'sporterised', having had the front furniture reduced or
removed and a scope fitted so that they resemble a bolt-action sporting
rifle.[14] Top-notch accuracy is difficult to achieve with the Lee–Enfield
design,[40] as it was intended to be a battle rifle rather than a sharpshooter's
weapon,[40] and thus the Enfield is nowadays overshadowed by derivatives of Paul
Mauser's design as a target shooting arm. They did, however, continue to be used
at Bisley up into the 1970s with some success, and continue to perform extremely
well at Military Service Rifle Competitions throughout the world.[14]

Many people still hunt with as-issued Lee–Enfield rifles, with commercial .303
British ammunition proving especially effective on medium-sized game.[14]
Soft-point .303 ammunition is widely available for hunting purposes, though the
Mark 7 military cartridge design often proves adequate because its tail-heavy
design makes the bullet yaw violently and deform after hitting the
target.[109][110]

The Lee–Enfield rifle is a popular gun for historic rifle enthusiasts and those
who find the 10-round magazine, loading by charger clips, and the rapid
bolt-action useful for Practical Rifle events. Since formation in 1998,
organisations such as the Lee Enfield Rifle Association have assisted in not
just preserving rifles in shooting condition (many Lee–Enfields are being
deactivated and sold as 'wall-hangers' to collectors who do not hold a Firearms
Licence in countries where they are required), but holding events and
competitions. Lee–Enfields are also popular with competitors in service rifle
competitions in many Commonwealth countries.

The Lee–Enfield series is very popular for service rifle shooting competitions
in the UK and Australia due to the prohibitions on the legal ownership of
semi-automatic centrefire rifles in Great Britain and restrictions on the legal
ownership of semi-automatic centrefire rifles in Australia.[111][112] (For more
information see Gun politics in the United Kingdom and Gun politics in
Australia.)

Rhineland Arms produces .45 ACP conversion kits for the Lee–Enfield action using
M1911 pistol magazines.[113]

The Lee–Speed Sporter was a higher quality British made version of the
Lee–Enfield.

Rifle Factory Ishapore of India still manufactures an sporting/hunting rifle
chambered in .315 with a Lee–Enfield action.[114]


VARIANTS[EDIT]

 * Magazine Lee–Enfield (MLE), .303, introduced 1895.[115]
 * Lee–Enfield Cavalry Carbine Mk I (LEC), .303, introduced 1896.[116]
 * Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk I*, .303, introduced 1899.[117]
 * Lee–Enfield Cavalry Carbine Mk I*, .303, introduced 1899.[116]
 * New Zealand Carbine, .303
 * Royal Irish Constabulary Carbine, .303
 * Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk I (SMLE), .303, introduced 1904.
 * Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk II, .303, introduced 1906.
 * Charger Loading Lee–Enfield (CLLE), .303, introduced 1906.
 * No. 1 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk III, .303, introduced 1907.
 * No. 1 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk III*, .303, introduced 1915.
 * No. 1 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk III* (HT), .303, 'Heavy Barrel,
   Telescopic Sight' Australian sniper rifle.
 * No. 1 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk V, .303, introduced 1922.
 * No. 1 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk VI, .303, introduced 1930.
 * No. 2, .22, converted from .303 SMLE Mk III and Mk III*.
 * No. 2 Mk IV, .22
 * No. 2 Mk IV*, .22
 * No. 4 Mk I, .303, introduced 1931.
 * No. 4 Mk I (T), .303, sniper rifle converted from No. 4 Mk I, introduced
   1941.
 * No. 4 Mk I*, .303, introduced 1941.
 * No. 4 Mk I* (T), .303, Sniper rifle converted from No. 4 Mk I*, introduced
   1941.
 * No. 4 Mk 2, .303, introduced 1949.
 * No. 4 Mk I/2, .303, converted from No. 4 Mk I to No. 4 Mk 2 standard .
 * No. 4 Mk I/3, .303, converted from No. 4 Mk I* to No. 4 Mk 2 standard .
 * No. 5 Mk I, Jungle Carbine, .303, introduced 1944.
 * No. 6 Mk I, .303, Australian experimental version of the No. 5 Mk I.
 * No. 7, .22
 * No. 8 Mk I, .22
 * No. 9, .22
 * L8A1, 7.62mm, converted from No. 4 Mk 2
 * L8A2, 7.62mm, converted from No. 4 Mk I/3
 * L8A3, 7.62mm, converted from No. 4 Mk I/3
 * L8A4, 7.62mm, converted from No. 4 Mk I
 * L8A5, 7.62mm, converted from No. 4 Mk I*
 * L39A1, 7.62mm
 * L42A1, 7.62mm
 * L59A1, Drill Rifle, converted from No. 4.
 * BA 93, a rifle grenade launcher made from surplus Lee–Enfield parts, which
   consist of stocks and receiver with a rifle grenade launcher in the chamber
   and a sheet metal buttstock while attaching a G3-type pistol grip.[118]


USERS[EDIT]

Turkish 8×57mm conversion of a Lee–Enfield captured during World War I.
Members of the Milice of Vichy France, armed with captured British No. 4
Lee–Enfield Rifles and Bren guns
 * Afghanistan[119][120][121]
 * Algeria[122]
 * Australia: No.1 MkIII/MkIII* manufactured at Lithgow Arsenal in Lithgow, New
   South Wales[51][123]
 * Austria: used post-war by the Gendarmerie.[124]
 * Bangladesh: extensively used during 1971 war.[91] Used by Police, Ansar and
   BNCC personnel in modern times.
 * Barbados[125]
 * Belgium: post-WW2[126] British and Canadian donations were used by Belgian
   soldiers in the Korean War until 1952.[citation needed]
 * Belize[127]
 * Bermuda: used by the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps[127]
 * Brunei: used by the Royal Brunei Armed Forces and Royal Brunei Police Force
   during the early days,[128] replaced by M16 series.
 * Botswana[129]
 * Canada:[12][123] The No.4 rifle was manufactured starting in 1941 by Small
   Arms Limited and later by Canadian Arsenals Limited, in Long Branch, Ontario,
   Canada. The Canadian Militia received the MK. I Long Lee Enfield rifle in
   1896. They used this rifle in the Boer War 1899 to 1902. They used the MK.III
   & MK.III* in WWI as well as the No.4 Lee Enfield in WWII, the Korean War and
   into the late 1950s in general is due. The No.4 rifle is still used for drill
   and was used for range shooting by the Royal Canadian Army Cadets, Royal
   Canadian Sea Cadets and the Royal Canadian Air Cadets. Most units are
   stripped of the mechanism that fires the round but at many Cadet Training
   Centres the rifles are in full working order, the rifle is used at the Vernon
   Summer Training Center for Feu du joix. The No.4 was being phased out by the
   Canadian Rangers as a service rifle starting in 2016.
 * Cambodia: used by the Royal Khmer Army.[130]
 * Central African Republic[131]
 * ChadianFROLINAT[132]
 * Republic of China (1912–1949): used during Warlord Era.[133] Some Chinese
   soldiers in Burma also received British Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk Is.[134]
 * Cyprus[7]
 * Denmark: used as Rifle M/45E by the Danish brigade in occupied Germany from
   1945, eventually replaced by the US M1 rifle as Rifle M/50 in 1950.[135]
 * Egypt[136]
 * Ethiopian Empire: acquired after World War I.[137]
 * Finland: some stored in depots after the Finnish Civil War[138]
 * Fiji[127]
 * France:
   * Free French Forces[139][140] and French Resistance used it during WW2.[141]
   * Some captured from the Resistance were used by the pro-Nazi French militia
     Milice française[142] (see picture).
   * Some were used in Indochina.[143]
 * Gambia[144]
 * Nazi Germany: some captured No. 1 Mk. III* Lee–Enfields were used by the
   Volkssturm in 1944 and 1945[145] The German designation was Gewehr 281
   (e).[146]
 * Ghana:[127] replaced in the 1960s by L1A1s.[147]
 * Greece: Used by Hellenic armed forces during World War II and post-World War
   II period.[148] Greece used the Lee–Enfield and British small arms until they
   were replaced by the M1 Garand and American small arms.
 * Guyana[144]
 * Hungary[144]
 * Iceland:[144] Once used by Icelandic Coast Guard and National Police of
   Iceland.[citation needed]
 * British India: In service with British Indian Army throughout First and
   Second World Wars.[149]
 * India: In service during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.[150] Now made under
   licence by Rifle Factory Ishapore as the Ishapore 2A1 rifle[151]
 * Indonesia:[144] Used by republicans in Indonesian National Revolution; some
   were taken from the Dutch.[citation needed]
 * Italy: post-World War II Italian Army and Navy [152]
 * Kingdom of Iraq.[12] Still used in small numbers in 2004 by Iraqi
   insurgents.[153]
 * Ireland: No1 MkIII/III* used as the service rifle by the National Army during
   the Civil War and later by Defence Forces, replaced by No4 Lee–Enfields in
   1950's until replaced by the FN FAL in 1961.[12] Also captured from British
   forces etc. and used by Irish Republican Army during War of Independence.
 * Israel: used during the first few years of independence.[154][155]
 * Italy[144]
 * Jamaica:[144] still used by the Jamaica Constabulary Force, Correctional
   Services and Jamaica Combined Cadet Force
 * Japan: Captured from British Army during World War II.[156]
 * Jordan: Arab Legion used Mk III and No. 4 variants[157]
 * Katanga: bought for police force but also used by army[158]
 * Kenya[144]
 * Latvia[159]
 * Lesotho[144]
 * Libya[160]
 * Luxembourg:[144] used by the Luxembourg detachment in the Korean War[citation
   needed]
 * Malawi[144]
 * Malaysia[161] also used by the Malayan Races Liberation Army[162]
 * Malta[144]
 * Myanmar:[144] used by the Myanmar Armyafter the Burmese Independence[163] and
   also by the Myanmar Police Force for ceremonial purposes[citation needed]
 * Namibia: Non-governmental armed groups[144]
 * Nepal[151]
 * Netherlands: Both the Lee–Enfield No. 1 Mark III and No. 4 Mark I would be
   adopted in 1941 and serve until 1952, until replaced by the M1 Garand.[164]
 * New Zealand[12]
 * Nigeria: Used by the Nigeria Regiment and then by Nigerian Army.[165]

 * Biafra: Used by militias[166] and Army[167]


LEE ENFIELD SERIAL NUMBER

 * Norway: Received from Allied airdrops to the resistance during WW2 and given
   by Britain to the Norwegian Brigade during the occupation of Germany in 1947.
   Returned to Britain in 1952 in exchange for P-17 rifles. A total of 24992
   .303 rifles were in Norwegian inventory at the time. Replaced by M-1 Garand
   and M-1 Carbines.[168]
 * Oman[127]
 * Ottoman Empire: Captured rifles, used as reserve weapons.[169]
 * Pakistan[151]
 * Papua New Guinea[170]
 * Poland: used by the Polish Armed Forces in the West[171]
 * Portugal: used by the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps, during the First World
   War[172] The SMLE Mk III was still in service as m/917 during the 1940s.[173]
 * Rhodesia[174][175]
 * Sierra Leone[127]
 * Singapore:[127] reserve units until the late 1960s. Still used by Singapore
   Armed Forces Military Police Command for ceremonial purposes.
 * Solomon Islands: used by the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force.[108]
 * Somalia[144]
 * South Africa[12]
 * South Sudan[144]
 * South Yemen[176]
 * Spanish Republic[177]
 * Sudan[144]
 * Sri Lanka: Phased out in the late 1960s with the arrival of the L1A1
   SLR.[178]
 * Swaziland[144]
 * Tanzania[6][144]
 * Tibet[179]
 * Thailand: (the contract was concluded on 10 December 1920 when the king
   received shipment of 10,000 rifles.) [180]
 * Tonga[108]
 * Trinidad & Tobago:[144] Trinidad & Tobago Cadet Force
 * Turkey: converted Ottoman-captured rifles to 7.92×57mm Mauser.[169]
 * UAE[144]
 * Uganda[144]
 * United Kingdom[161][181]
 * United States: Used by units of the American Expeditionary Force attached to
   British and Australian units during the First World War.[182][183] No.4
   MkI/MkI* rifles manufactured by Savage-Stevens Firearms under Lend-Lease for
   the British and Commonwealth forces during WWII. Some US Army units attached
   to British Commonwealth units in Burma during WWII were issued Lee–Enfield
   rifles on logistics grounds.
 * Vanuatu[108]
 * Vietnam: Việt Minh captured Lee–Enfields from French forces[184][185]
 * South Vietnam[108]
 * Yemen[144][186][176]
 * Yugoslav Partisans[187][188]
 * Zambia[189]


SEE ALSO[EDIT]


NOTES[EDIT]

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EXTERNAL LINKS[EDIT]


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