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HomeHealthIndian Cancer Society's 'Rise against Cancer' movement!

INDIAN CANCER SOCIETY'S 'RISE AGAINST CANCER' MOVEMENT!

webmaster Friday, December 31, 2021

Indian Cancer Society's 'Rise against Cancer' movement!

Indian Cancer Society was established in 1951 by Dr. D.J. Jussawalla and Mr.
Naval Tata as India's first voluntary, non-profit, National Organization for
Awareness, Detection, Cure and Survivorship of those affected with this disease.

Indian Cancer Society has been doing sterling work in fighting cancer across
India. It has been and continues to be the beacon of hope for thousands of
underprivileged cancer patients. The extent of help required is phenomenal. Most
of the patients come to us from all over the country and can’t afford two meals
a day. In such cases undergoing treatment is beyond their capacity. The society
is entirely dependent on public support for its various activities concerned
with financing the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients and for
spreading cancer awareness and its early detection.

ACTIVITIES OF INDIAN CANCER SOCIETY

* Creating nationwide awareness of cancer, its risk factors, preventive
measures, encouraging regular checkups, treatment options and survivorship.
* Providing for early detection of cancer through cancer detection centers and
mobile cancer detection camps across India, especially for the
underprivileged.
* Providing funds for the treatment of cancer for poor cancer patients across
India
* Providing support during and after treatment to poor cancer patients through
accommodation, rehabilitation, and survivor support groups.
* Gathering and collating data through the population based cancer registry for
Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur and Aurangabad (ICS is the only NGO to run a cancer
registry), and providing analytic and projected reports on the incidence of
cancer.
* Providing a medium for the dissemination of information and research findings
to the medical fraternity through the Indian Journal of Cancer.

VISION STATEMENT

"To be the beacon of hope against cancer."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MISSION STATEMENT

* To create awareness that cancer is preventable and curable
* To facilitate early detection of cancer
* To offer emotional support and medical aid to cancer patients
* To establish and encourage cancer survivorship programmes
* To reintegrate cancer survivors back into society
* To facilitate advocacy and research for cancer

In India, the incidence of cancer is increasing rapidly; therefore it is
important to step up cancer literacy and knowledge amongst the population.

Breast Cancer is rapidly rising amongst women in urban areas and it is the most
common cancer in India. Early detection is essential in its management and
treatment. Due to ignorance, fear, and social stigma many women present with
stage III or IV cancer which requires surgery and extensive treatment. If
detected early, then in most cases there will be less aggressive treatment and
better chances of recovery.

Cervical Cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India. It is the
only preventable cancer and it can be detected in the pre - cancerous phase and
cured.

Oral and Lung cancers are highest among men and women in the urban as well as
rural population and these can also be prevented to a large extent. Therefore,
making people aware of the dangers of chewing tobacco and smoking is of great
importance.

WHAT IS CANCER?

In simple terms, cancer is an abnormal growth of body cells. Each one of us is
born with a potential for cancer. One cannot "Catch" it as one would an
infection or a cold. When the programming of a cell or a group of cells is
affected, growth may become uncontrolled. Some of the factors that can alter the
code are chronic irritation, tobacco, smoke and dust, radioactive substances,
age, sex, race and heredity. While one cannot control many of these factors , we
need to be aware of the ones we can control of. Prevention is definitely better
than treatment of cancer. No one yet talks of cure, treatment:

What is the difference between normal and malignant cells?

Normal cells grow in a well regulated pattern. When cancer sets in, a group of
cells suddenly starts multiplying in a haphazard and uncontrolled way, forming
lumps or tumors. a malignant tumor never stops growing and can spread to other
parts of the body.

Broadly, there are 19 cancers that can be generally related to life style.

1 CANCER OF THE BLADDER

2 BREAST CANCER

3 CERVICAL CANCER

4 COLORECTAL CANCER

5 ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

6 CANCER IN THE EYES

7 KIDNEY CANCER

8 LARYNGEAL CANCERS

9 LIVER CANCERS

10LUNG CANCERS

11 ORAL CANCERS

12 OVARIAN CANCERS

13 CANCER OF THE PANCREAS

14 PROSTRATE CANCER

15 SKIN CANCERS

16 STOMACH CANCER

17 TESTICULAR CANCER

18 THYROID CANCERS

19 UTERINE CANCER

DANGER SIGNALS

* A persistent sore especially if it is in the mouth, on the lip or on tongue.
Long standing sores due to smoking, sharp edge of teeth, or dental plates
that do not fit, can develop into cancer if not taken care of. Common 'Cold
Sore' disappears after a few days - Cancer does not. If any such sore
persists more than a few days, see your doctor.
* Lumps or masses which appear where none were present previously should arouse
suspicion of cancer. This is especially true in the case of women and is the
most readily cured if treated early.
* Persistent indigestion or change in bowel habits, while usually due to other
causes, are often caused in the intestinal tract and should be reported.
* Unexplained or abnormal bleeding from anybody opening should be quickly
investigated by a physician. Coughing up or vomiting blood, passing blood in
the urine and rectal bleeding are common symptoms of cancer. In women the
first sign of cancer of the uterus is often a bloody discharge occurring
between menstrual periods or after menopause.
* Persistent hoarseness or cough of abnormal duration deserves a careful
examination by your doctor. Cancer of the larynx (voice box) or respiratory
passages or lung may be the cause.
* Unexplained loss of weight may be due to many things but may also be due to
hidden cancer.

What is Cancer?

The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal cells grow, divide to
make new cells, and die in an orderly way. Cancer starts when cells start to
grow out of control and instead of dying, continue to grow and form new,
abnormal cells.

Cells become cancer cells because of changes to their DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid). In a normal cell, when DNA is damaged the cell either repairs the damage
or dies. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA is not repaired and the cell goes on
making new cells that the body does not need.

What causes cancer?

Though it is very difficult to pinpoint the definite cause. Certain substances,
known as carcinogens, can definitely increase your chances of getting cancer.
For instance, people who smoke or chew tobacco are more prone to mouth, throat
and lung cancer, Contrary to popular opinion, beedi smoking is twice as
dangerous as cigarettes. Continued irritation of tissues can lead to cancer.
Pollution, preserved food, smoked and junk food are also contributory. Even
certain viruses can cause cancer (EBV, Hepatitis B, HPV). Amongst other known
causes are asbestos, arsenic, pitch, tar, ultra-violet rays.

Is cancer caused by a germ?

There is no scientific evidence that cancer is directly caused by a germ.
Although certain viruses are known to cause cancer but they form <2% of the
cancer burden.

Does cancer come from a single bruise?

No. A single injury to soft tissue or bone does not give rise to cancer.

What is the relation of food to cancer?

High fat, low roughage western diet predisposes to colon cancer. Diet rich in
animal fats also contributes to breast cancer. Green leafy vegetables and fresh
fruits contain certain antioxidants which prevent cancer. Recently tomato,
ginger and cabbage etc. have been found to have medicinal antioxidant property.
Avoid junk food, smoked food and preserved food. Be vegetarian and prevent
cancer!

Will irregularity in eating cause cancer of the stomach?

There is no scientific evidence that it will, since cancer of stomach may occur
in people who eat most regularly.

Does eating hot food cause cancer?

There is little evidence that the temperature of food is an important factor in
development of cancer. But recently too hot food has been correlated with food
pipe cancer. Too spicy food may be related to stomach cancer as is evident from
its high incidence in Southern parts of India.

Does the use of alcohol bear any relation to cancer of the stomach?

Alcohol is a predisposing factor for the development of cancer of oesophagus,
laryngopharynx and liver.

Is cancer hereditary?

There are probably inherited tendencies that may lead to cancers of different
types. The presence of cancer in one or both parents should be a cause for
greater alertness in looking for and recognising suspicious symptoms in the
individual. Cancer however is not inherited except for one type of eye cancer
known as Retinoblastoma. Only 5% of breast cancers are considered hereditary.

Can cancer be transmitted by kissing or casual contact between persons or
between persons and animals?

No. There is no record of cancer having been transmitted by kissing or by any
contact, accidental or otherwise, between individuals or between person and
animals.

Do corns become cancerous?

Cancer may occur in any tissue to the body, but a corn does not as a rule
develop into cancer.

Do freckles turn into cancer?

Simple freckles do not. However, flat moles containing pigment of a bluish-black
colour and looking like dark freckles, may become cancerous and should be
checked periodically.

Do piles turn into cancer?

No. Piles or hemorrhoids are merely enlarged veins in the rectal wall. Cancer is
occasionally found in the tissue above the hemorrhoids. So "bleeding piles"
should be examined carefully to determine whether cancer is also present. Rectal
bleeding can occur due to cancer.

Can one's mental condition influence the course of cancer?

Cancer is a disease of body cells. One's mental condition has no direct effect
on the course of the disease since this malignant change is apparently due to
physical process. But positive attitudes, fighting spirits and healthy thinking
helps you to cope with cancer better. So, it has an indirect bearing on response
to cancer treatment.

Does radiation cause cancer?

Indiscriminate use of X-rays frequently may increase your chances of getting
cancer. Lately, there are certain reports quoting higher incidence of Leukemia
and Brain Tumors in persons using Cell phone. But this needs further research.

How can one guard against cancer?

Prevention is better than cure. More than half of the cancers are preventable!
Avoid smoking and tobacco chewing in any form. Alcohol should only be taken in
moderation. It is better avoided. Take low fat, vegetarian diet. Avoid ill
fitting dentures, report to doctor immediately if you notice any of seven
warning signals.

What is meant by a "pre-cancerous lesion"?

develop into cancer with passage of time. Cancer does not form in day's or
week's time. It takes many years to develop. It passes through many stages
normal cell abnormal cell Precancerous lesion Frank cancer Metastasic cancer.

What are some of the more important pre-cancerous lesions?

White spots on mucous (lining) membranes, especially of the mouth; non healing
sores caused by jagged teeth and ill-fitting dental plates; dark coloured moles
which itch or bleed. These should all be investigated by a physician and
adequately treated. Sub mucous fibrosis with inability to open mouth, polyps in
large intestine Barret's oesophagus associated with reflux oesophagitis are some
of the conditions which should alarm the patient and physician. These require
careful monitoring.

What precautions should be taken to avoid cancer of the mouth?

Cancer of mouth is a largely preventable disease. Avoid use of tobacco in any
form (pan parag, pan masala, gutaka etc.) Any sore in mouth which does not heal
in three weeks time should be examined by doctor and if required biopsied. Keep
the mouth clean. Have jagged teeth filed or removed. Do not use an ill-fitting
dental plate, which causes a sore on the gums or cheek. If white spots appear in
the mouth or on the tongue, stop the use of tobacco and see a doctor.

What precautions should be taken to avoid cancer of the Skin?

Dark coloured moles and warts, which become itchy or bleed or ulcerate should be
removed. Fair-skinned people should avoid overexposure to direct sun rays.
Recurrent blisters on the lip should be carefully examined. Skin should always
be kept clean

Should all moles be removed?

No. A flat colourless mole is probably as harmless as a freckle. Bluish-black
hairless moles, especially when subjected to irritation, should be removed. Any
mole or wart showing changes in size or colour or bleeding should be promptly
and completely removed and the tissue examined by a pathologist to determine if
cancer is present.

Can immunity to cancer be acquired as with diptheria or typhoid fever?

Production of immunity is possible only in diseases caused by germs. As cancer
is not caused by germs, immunity cannot be developed against it. But scientists
are exploring possibilities of vaccines for cancer.

Why do many people wait before consulting a physician when cancer may be present
or suspected?

Primarily because of fear. Ignorance of the signs of cancer and the vital
importance of early treatment also play a role. Some people also think there is
a social disgrace in having cancer and so hide the fact from their physicians
and often from friends and relatives. This is not a justifiable attitude.

Can a tuberculous person ever have cancer?

He can. The presence of tuberculosis or any other disease gives no assurance
that cancer will not develop.

Why don't the white corpuscles in the blood kill cancer?

The chief function of white blood corpuscles is to protect the body against
bacteria or germs. They kill germs and combat infection. Current research is
being undertaken to promote such activity by certain kinds of white blood
corpuscles.

How can we control cancer?

* By a prompt visit to a physician when suspicious signs or symptoms appear.
Intelligent alertness by the individual may well save his life.
* By having complete, annual physical examinations, as a routine. Women over 35
should be examined once a year.
* By confirming diagnosis at the earliest possible moment, followed by adequate
treatment.
* By a widespread knowledge, both layman and professional, of the character of
cancer, its causes, methods of spread, and by recognizing the value of early
diagnosis and adequate treatment, as the means of protection.
* Most important is prevention of cancer by change of lifestyles

How can you tell if you have cancer without seeing a doctor?

You can only suspect. A regular thorough physical check-up is your best guard
against cancer, plus an examination when one of the seven danger signals or
warning appears. You are the first line of defense against cancer because, you
alone, can recognize a danger signal.

What are some of the early signs of cancer?

There are seven common ones. They are often called the Seven Danger Signals of
Cancer:

* Change in bowel or bladder habits.
* A sore that does not heal.
* Unusual bleeding or discharge.
* Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere.
* Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
* Obvious change in wart or mole.
* Nagging cough or hoarseness.

You should at once consult a doctor upon the appearance of any sign.

Is pain an early symptom of cancer?

No, except in a cancer involving bone or nerve tissue. Pain usually is a late
symptom and when it occurs, the growth is often far advanced.

Why should cancer be diagnosed and treated early?

The sooner it is found it is less likely to have spread to other parts of the
body. Early cancer can be cured.

How long is it safe to wait before consulting a physician?

Any delay is dangerous. Go at once to a doctor and ask for a thorough
examination.

Why are periodic examinations necessary?

The earlier a cancer is treated the greater are the chances of a cure. Through
periodic examinations, cancer may be detected in its early stages, before the
individual has noticed any sign or symptom in himself.

Where can you get a check-up?

RGCI & RC has all screening facilities. Any individual with or without warning
signals can come for check-up. Indian cancer society also runs several check up
clinics

What comprises a thorough check-up?

Thorough cancer check up means examination of all accessible body parts like
head and neck, oral cavity, chest, abdomen, breast, vaginal and rectal
examination. Cancer screening at RGCI&RC also includes certain blood tests,
X-ray chest, US whole abdomen, mammogram, pap's smear, sputum exam, stool for
occult blood and PSA (for prostate). Clinical examination and all investigations
are done at nominal rates.

Is the check-up painful?

The check-up takes only an hour and is completely painless. You may phone and
get an appointment.

What is mammography?

Mammography is a special X-ray examination of the breast tissues. It is a quite
sensitive test to pick up early lesions of the breast.

What is a pap smear?

The papanicolaou test, (or pap smear) is in fact a microscopic examination of
the cells exfoliated from the uterus and cervix. The doctor takes a swab from
the tissue surface for examination. This test warns patients of the presence of
early pre-cancerous lesion.

Is bleeding always a sign of cancer?

No. Bleeding should be promptly and carefully investigated, to determine if it
is due to cancer. A small percentage of patients with blood stained discharge
from nipple have cancer. Bleeding from other body openings, such as rectum or
bladder, should be carefully investigated to rule out cancer. Unnatural vaginal
bleeding, especially after the age of 50 can be a very suspicious sign of
cancer.

Does blood in stool indicate cancer?

Stool streaked with bright blood or the occurrence of black or "tarry" stools
should lead to prompt and thorough investigation. The assumption that rectal
bleeding is merely due to hemorrhoids, or piles, is most dangerous, since such
bleeding may be due to multiple causes, including cancer.

Does blood in the urine indicate cancer?

It may, but it may also be caused by conditions other than cancer. A careful
examination is essential to rule out cancer.

Is it true that cancer generally develops among people in poor health?

There is no known relation between the status of one's health and the
development of cancer. Poor genital hygiene and poor oral hygiene may be
contributory factor in cancer causation.

How can we diagnose cancer of the stomach?

Upper G-I endoscopy is the best investigation for diagnosing stomach cancer. A
flexible tube (Endoscope) is passed through mouth and introduced into food pipe
and stomach for telescopic visualization. Biopsy can be taken if any lesion is
found in stomach or food pipe.

How are cancers in the head and neck region diagnosed?

Cancers in the head and neck region can be diagnosed by simple clinical
examination which includes visualization of oral cavity and voice box with the
help of head light and mirror. Any growth, ulcer or white patch is biopsied to
confirm the clinical diagnosis. This is then reported by an experienced
histo-pathologist in the laboratory. In India more than 40% of male cancers
arise in mouth and throat.

What techniques are used to detect cancer?

There is no substitute to good clinical examination. Ultrasound, X-Rays, CT
Scan, MRI & Mammography are some of diagnostic imaging tools. Various blood
tests (PSA, AFP) and endoscopic procedures are also available to clinch the
diagnosis. Cytology (FNAC) or Biopsy of lesion is desirable before starting any
treatment.

How should cancer be treated?

By surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of all these in the
earliest possible stage of the disease. All these methods are available in India
at various Hospitals. RGCI & RC provides all diagnostic and treatment facilities
under one roof. The emphasis on cancer treatment should be on multimodal
management.

Are radiation treatments good for all kinds of cancer?

No. Treatment depends on type and location of the growth. Some cancers will not
respond to radiation treatment but must be treated by surgery or with hormones
and chemotherapy.

How does Radiation act?

Radiation destroys dividing cells including cancer cells. Normal cells are also
damaged. But now sophisticated machines are available which spare normal tissues
and destroy cancer tissue with precision.

What is Internal Radiation?

Wires or tubes containing radioactive material are inserted into the cancer
growth or in the tissue surrounding it, and removed after treatment is
concluded. Radio-active material in suitable containers may also be placed in
contact with the growth as in cancer cervix. Now a days, endo-luminal RT is also
available for cancer of tubular structures like bronchus.

How effective is surgery?

Surgery is most effective in the early stages when cancer has not yet spread.
Major advances in plastic and reconstructive surgery, and anesthesiology have
ensured a very high degree of success.

What is chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy implies treatment with anti-cancer drugs and injections. Today we
have a large number of highly effective drugs for cancer control.

Can the spread of cancer be stopped or retarded temporarily?

At times only. Certain types of cancerous growths, which cannot be expected to
be curable, may be controlled temporarily by CT/Hormones/RT. Sooner or later,
however, these growths fail to respond to further treatment.

What should you do if you think you may have cancer?

Report at once for a thorough examination by the cancer specialist.

Is cancer curable?

More than 80% of cancers today are completely curable if treated early. At
times, however, cures have been obtained after the cancers have been present for
a long time. The type of cancer and stage of cancer have an important bearing on
its curability.

Is it ever possible to state that a cancer has been completely cured? If so, how
much time must pass before the "cure" is recognized?

After a cancer patient has been treated and has remained free of recurrence of
disease for a period of five years, the chances for re-appearance of the tumour
are small. Occasionally cancer recurs ten or twenty years later. So, a life long
follow up is a must for cancer patients to detect recurrence of disease as well
as to detect other cancers.

If you have been cured of cancer, can you develop another cancer?
In the same place?
In some other part of the body?

Yes. Regardless of a patient's past medical history including the successful
treatment of a previous cancer, he/she should be examined at regular intervals.
Because of the tendency for cancer to re-appear at the place of a previously
existing growth or nearby, a patient should have a regular follow up as advised
by the doctor. A new cancer may also appear at another part of the body.

Is there any known vaccine cure for cancer?

No. A vaccine is of value only against a disease due to a germ. Cancer is not
caused by a germ; therefore, serums are of no value in its treatment.

Is there any known vaccine cure for cancer?

No. A vaccine is of value only against a disease due to a germ. Cancer is not
caused by a germ, therefore serums are of no value in its treatment, but
researches are ongoing to find tumour vaccines for different cancers.

Is it ever safe to rely on salves to "cure" cancer?

No. Paste or salve can not penetrate the tissues deep enough to destroy deep
seated cancer cells.

What are side effects of Chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy causes temporary side effects like nausea, vomiting, loss of hair
and bone marrow suppression. Side effects of chemotherapy vary with drug
schedule used.

Will hormones cure cancer?

There is evidence today to indicate that treatment with certain hormones may
prolong life, and alleviate pain and suffering in certain breast and prostate
cancers. Hormones are also useful as adjuvant after definitive treatment.

What is Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy is a new development based on the theory that the human body can
be taught to defend itself against diseases including cancer. Immunotherapy is
being tried in cancers like melanoma, renal cell carcinoma etc.

What is the latest and most successful of the recently reported cancer
treatments?

There is no single modality of treatment, which can achieve cure. Emphasis is on
multimodal treatment e.g. combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and
hormone treatment. Now gene therapy & immunotherapy are upcoming modes of
treatment but they are in experimental stage.

Is any real progress being made in cancer research? Along what lines?

A lot of progress has been made in cancer research. We have understood cancer
behavior better. Diagnostic facilities have improved. Operative methods and
radiation techniques have also improved. Newer chemotherapy drugs have been
launched. Future is not far off when we will have gene therapy and vaccines for
cancer treatment.

What are your chances of getting cured?

More than 80% of the patient treated adequately in the early stages can be
cured. Your chances of recovery are excellent, if you report for treatment very
early after the cancer has developed.

Can you lead a normal life after cancer?

Are cancers in men and women different?

There are no fundamental differences in cancers in men and women. Most important
thing is that common male cancers (lung and oral) are preventable because they
are caused by tobacco. Female cancers (breast, cervix) can be detected early and
cured.

What forms of cancer are more common among men than women?

Cancer of the mouth, throat, gullet, stomach, rectum, larynx, lung, skin and
brain are all more common in men than in women. Gall bladder and thyroid cancers
are more frequent in women.

Does smoking or tobacco and paan chewing cause cancer?

Smoking and tobacco chewing are known to cause cancer of the mouth, throat,
lungs etc. Therefore, it is best to play safe. If you smoke or chew tobacco,
make every effort to stop. Stop smoking and tobacco chewing and prevent cancer !

Can cancer result from sexual intercourse?

No. There is no known relationship between cancer and sexual activity on the
part of the male or female. However women who have multiple sexual partners run
a greater risk of getting cervix cancer.

Is cancer of the prostate common?
At what age does it generally occur?

Yes. Cancer of the prostate is one of the most common forms of cancer in older
men in USA. Men should be on guard against this form of cancer especially as
they approach 60. A thorough physical examination, including a rectal
examination, blood test (PSA) and TRUS are the only ways to discover this hidden
cancer early enough for cure.

Do more women than men die of cancer?

No. The misconception that cancer is primarily a woman's disease is due to the
frequency of cancer of the breast and cancer of the reproductive organs in
women, in comparison with the more varied occurrence of cancer in men.

Does cancer occur more frequently among married or unmarried women?

Reports from death certificates show that above the age of 40, the cancer death
rate is higher among single women than among married women of the same ages.
Single women have higher death rates from cancer of the breast and married women
have more cancer of the cervix. Physicians believe that having the first child
around the age of 20 is preventive against cancer of the breast. Multiple sexual
partners increase the risk of cancer of the cervix.

Is there danger in watching a lump in the breast to see what happens?

Yes, a very grave danger. Time is the most important factor in the control of
cancer and waiting to "see what happens" may permit a curable cancer to become
incurable. This may allow it to spread to other parts of body and make the
treatment more difficult

Are all breast lumps cancerous?

No. Only small percentage of lumps are cancerous. Careful physical examination
and mammography can differentiate benign from malignant lump. Biopsy & FNAC of
lump by a competent pathologist can clinch the diagnosis.

What precautions should be taken to avoid cancer of the breast?

Every woman above the age of 40 should have her breasts examined annually by a
physician. Every women after the age of 35 years should be taught how to examine
her own breasts (monthly after her periods). Screening mammography should be
encouraged at the age of 40 years onward and then every 2 yearly. Soon we will
have genetic markers to detect high risk group of women who are likely to
develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer.

How should you examine your breasts?

Self examination of the breast should be done in the following ways after
periods are over. Post menopausal women should examine their breasts every
month.

* Sit or stand in front of a mirror, with your arms relaxed at your sides, and
examine your breasts carefully for any changes in size and shape. Look for
any puckering or dimpling of the skin, and for any discharge or change in the
nipples. Compare one breast with the other.
* Raise both your arms over your head, and look for exactly the same changes.
See if there is any change since you last examined your breasts.
* You should feel for a lump or thickening in the breast tissues. Lie down on
your bed, or on the floor. Put a pillow or a bath towel under your left
shoulder, and place your left hand under your head. With the fingers of your
right hand held together flat, press gently but firmly with small circular
motions to feel the inner, upper quarter of your left breast, starting at
your breast bone and going outward toward the nipple line. Also feel the
areas around the nipple.
* With the same gentle pressure next feel the lower, inner parts of your
breast.
* Now bring your left arm down to your side, and still using the flat part of
your fingers, feel under your armpit.
* Use the same gentle pressure to feel the upper, outer quarter of your breast
from the nipple line to where your arm is resting.
* And finally, feel the lower, outer section of your breast, proceeding from
the outer part to the nipple.
* Repeat the entire procedure, for the right breast.

What precautions should be taken to avoid cancer of the uterus (womb)?

Have all unnatural vaginal discharges investigated. Up to the age of thirty-five
have an annual examination by Gynecologist. Bleeding after the age of 50 yrs.
(after menopause) calls for a physician's examination at once. Avoid multiple
sex partners. Cervix cancer can be prevented by screening.

Do uterine fibroids ever become cancerous?

Fibroid tumours only very rarely undergo malignant change.

Can cancer develop in children? At what age?

No age is free from cancer. Certain forms of cancer, especially of the eyes and
blood are found in young children.

If a parent dies of cancer are the children more likely to have the disease?

The answer is no. In many families where a parent had cancer, the disease does
not appear in the children. Again, a person whose family has no record of cancer
may develop it. A tendency to develop breast cancer however runs in families.
Even colon cancers are known to be familial.

Does cancer develop more quickly in children than in older people?

The rate of growth at any age depends upon the type of cancer, though cancer
does grow faster at younger ages.

If detected in time, can cancer in a child be cured more quickly than in an
adult?

The cure of cancer has little relationship with age. It depends upon the extent
of growth at the time it is detected, the adequacy of the treatment given, as
well as the type of cancer detected.

How can cancer deaths be reduced?

Cancer deaths can be reduced by following means:

* Cancer is preventable by living a simple life like no tobacco chewing or
smoking, vegetarian high roughage low fat diet, no alcohol and use of fresh
fruits & fresh vegetables. Half of the cancers can be prevented by changing
our own life styles.
* Early detection by screening before symptoms appear.
* Early detection in symptomatic patients. Treat them early with multimodal
treatment.
* Provide good care under one roof with all ultramodern gadgetry. Even if it is
advanced disease, try to improve quality of life. "Add life to years in
advanced cases".

Does cancer usually cost more to cure, than other major diseases?

It often does. It depends upon the type of cancer you have and how much must be
done to treat it. Many hospitals provide free treatment to those who cannot
afford to pay.

Why are quacks dangerous?

For the following reasons, among others :

* Few quacks are medically trained; therefore, they have no fundamental
knowledge about cancer.
* They cause the patient to lose valuable time that should be used to obtain
correct treatment.
* The pastes and "medicines" used by quacks have no value in curing cancer.
* The quack takes the patient's money under false pretenses, thus depriving him
of the means for obtaining competent treatment in time to enable him/her to
be cured.
* How can I tell a quack from a reputable physician?
* If a person advertise a cure, guarantees a cure, or employs a method of
diagnosis or treatment not generally accepted or endorsed by the medical
profession, may be classed as a quack. No reputed ethical physician will do
any of these things.
* What is Home Care Service of RGCI & RC?
* Home Care Services are provided to those patients, who are terminally ill and
in whom all treatment modalities have been exhausted. These facilities are
provided free of cost. Doctor, psychologist, nursing staff and technician
visit the home of patient and provide advice regarding nursing care,
medicines etc. They also provide medicines free of charge to patients.

USEFUL LINKS

International Union against Cancer (UICC)

www.uicc.org

International Agency for Research on Cancer

www.iacc.fr

Cancer Research Campaign, U.K.

www.crc.org.uk

American Cancer Society (ACS)

www.cancer.org

American Society of Clinical Oncology

www.asco.org

Cancer Guide (to help patients to understand cancer)

www.cancerguide.org

National Coalation for Cancer Survivorship

www.cansearch.org

Center Watch (Clinical trials listing service)

www.centerwatch.com

Medicine Online - Oncology dosage calculation software

www.meds.com

M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

www.mdanderson.org

Quintiles Oncology Therapeutics

www.quintiles.com

Mesothelioma Cancer Alliance

www.mesothelioma.com

KEVAT - A patient Navigation Programme

tmc.gov.in

Information and Support service advocating complementary therapies as part of
cancer treatment

www.anac.org.uk

Oncolink - Multimedia resource including a virtual class room and
speciality-oriented menus

www.oncolink.upenn.edu

World Oncology Network Global directory of physicians to facilitate the care of
patients traveling abroad

www.worldoncology.net

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