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LAID-OFF: FORMER TYSON FOODS CHICKEN FARMERS FACE HIGH COSTS SWITCHING TO EGGS

By Tom Polansek
April 30, 202412:31 PM GMT+2Updated 17 hours ago
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Item 1 of 4 A worker sorts cage-free chicken eggs at Hilliker's Ranch Fresh Eggs
in Lakeside, California, U.S., April 19, 2022. Picture taken April 19, 2022.
REUTERS/Mike Blake/File Photo
[1/4]A worker sorts cage-free chicken eggs at Hilliker's Ranch Fresh Eggs in
Lakeside, California, U.S., April 19, 2022. Picture taken April 19, 2022.
REUTERS/Mike Blake/File Photo Purchase Licensing RightsNew Tab, opens new tab
ChevronChevron
CHICAGO, April 30 (Reuters) - Some U.S. farmers who once raised chickens for
Tyson Foods to slaughter are shifting to sell eggs instead after the meatpacker
closed six plants, a move that left local suppliers with limited options for
work.
In one example, former Tyson suppliers in central Virginia formed a cooperative
that will produce cage-free eggs for Indiana-based Dutch Country Organics on a
dozen farms, after Tyson closed its nearby Glen Allen plant last year.
Advertisement · Scroll to continue

In Dexter, Missouri, the world's biggest egg company, Cal-Maine Foods
(CALM.O)New Tab, opens new tab, in March finalized a deal to buy another chicken
meat plant Tyson shuttered. Cal-Maine recruited local farmers to produce eggs.
The switch to eggs, which carries high costs, reflects the tough choices former
Tyson suppliers around the country must make following the company's 2023
decision to shut plants in an effort to return to profitability in its chicken
business after misjudging consumer demand.
Advertisement · Scroll to continue

Egg farming also comes with risk as lethal bird flu infections have hit laying
hens harder than broiler chickens raised for meat. The virus flared up for a
third year this spring, resulting in the culling of nearly 10 million hens
involved in commercial egg production so far this year. Cal-Maine culled about
1.9 millionNew Tab, opens new tab birds this month after an outbreak in Texas.


MILLIONS TO UPGRADE

Former broiler growers must spend millions of dollars on barn and equipment
upgrades to produce eggs, a notoriously volatile market, 18 poultry producers,
government officials and industry experts told Reuters. Last year, egg prices
tanked after reaching record highs due to the worst-ever outbreak of bird flu in
poultry.

"It's a very expensive investment from the grower," said John Bapties, who is
president of the Central Virginia Poultry Cooperative and raised chickens for
Tyson for 20 years before the Glen Allen plant closed.
His cooperative is placing hens in barns that formerly housed broiler chickens,
and expects to sell cage-free eggs produced by about one million birds to Dutch
County Organics within a year, he said.
Advertisement · Scroll to continue

Farmers needed to replace dirt floors in barns with concrete and install nesting
systems for hens, among other costly renovations.
Taylor Lee, a former Tyson grower in DeWitt, Virginia, said he decided against
the switch. He will focus on raising crops while keeping his poultry barns empty
for now.
"They're painting a pretty picture with that co-op but it's $2.8 million roughly
to upgrade my farm to egg production," Lee said.

Roger Reynolds, another Virginia farmer who supplied broiler chickens to Tyson,
said he is considering producing eggs for Braswell Family Farms. His daughter
found work there after Tyson's plant closure eliminated her job.
Producing eggs means a different way of life, Reynolds said. For one thing, hens
lay most of their eggs in the morning, meaning farmers cannot go to church on a
Sunday without checking their barns first, he said.


CAGE-FREE EGGS

The United States has about 125 million cage-free laying hens, about 40% of
total layers, U.S. government data show. More are needed after some states
banned sales of eggs from caged hens and restaurants committed to cage-free
supplies, Dutch Country Organics CEO Lamar Bontrager said.
"I've been getting calls like crazy," Bontrager said. "Those guys are all
concerned of where to procure their eggs."
Dutch Country sells eggs to retailers including Walmart (WMT.N)New Tab, opens
new tab, Kroger (KR.N)New Tab, opens new tab and Target (TGT.N)New Tab, opens
new tab, according to Virginia officials.
Former broiler growers offer egg companies an opportunity to expand production
because the farmers are already familiar with poultry.
"It's one of the ways that these companies are converting: by grabbing old
barns," said Brian Moscogiuri, global trade strategist for Eggs Unlimited.
Tyson declined to comment. The company said last year that 55 broiler growers
supplied the Glen Allen plant and that it offered them buyout packages. The
plant had about 700 employees.
Tyson has laid off corporate employees and said it will close an Iowa pork
plant, in addition to shutting chicken plants. Farmers depended on the plants as
markets for their livestock.
The meatpacker is slated to report quarterly results on Monday.
In Arkansas, the third biggest broiler-producing state, Tyson closed two chicken
plants. Some of its former growers found work supplying other chicken companies,
said Jared Garrett, Arkansas Farm Bureau's director of commodity activities and
economics.
"They lucked out," he said.


JOBS WANTED

Tyson closed chicken plants in Dexter and Noel, Missouri, with about 700 workers
and 1,500 workers, respectively. Cal-Maine said it plans to initially employ
about 100 people at the Dexter plant.
"While I welcome Cal-Maine's investment in Dexter, it does not right the wrongs
of Tyson or guarantee new jobs for the more than 2,000 Missourians now out of
one," U.S. Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri said in a statement to Reuters.
David Wyman, Dexter's city administrator, also welcomed Cal-Maine, though it is
expected to work with a fraction of the farmers who supplied Tyson. Cal-Maine
said it expects to expand over time and that revenue opportunities will be as
good or better than farmers had under previous contracts.
But some former Tyson suppliers are left with empty barns, Wyman said: "They're
really in bad shape."
Egg farming is generally harder to get into operationally than raising chickens
for meat; requires more capital and labor expertise; and carries higher disease
risks, said Wendong Zhang, an assistant professor and agricultural economist at
Cornell University.
"Due to the closure of the plants and termination of contracts, the switch is in
a way a move of necessity," he said.

Get weekly news and analysis on the U.S. elections and how it matters to the
world with the newsletter On the Campaign Trail. Sign up here.

Reporting by Tom Polansek; Editing by Caroline Stauffer and Anna Driver

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.New Tab, opens new tab

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Purchase Licensing Rights
Tom Polansek

Thomson Reuters

Tom has been a journalist for Reuters in Chicago since 2011. He writes primarily
about food and agriculture, and has reported on disruptions to global fertilizer
and grain supplies from Russia's invasion of Ukraine. He also covers U.S.
livestock production and meatpacking companies including Tyson Foods, Smithfield
Foods and JBS. Tom was part of a team of reporters that Reuters named as
Journalists of the Year in 2016 for coverage of Monsanto. He also won awards
from the North American Agricultural Journalists.

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