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COVID-19 OMICRON VARIANT RESISTANT TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES – BUT NEUTRALIZED BY
VACCINE BOOSTER

TOPICS:AntibodiesCOVID-19Infectious DiseasesVaccine

By Institut Pasteur January 9, 2022

3D visualization of mutations in the spike protein of the Omicron variant. Left:
overhead view. Right: lateral view. Mutations are indicated in red. They occur
all over the spike protein but particularly in the receptor binding domain (RBD)
and in the region known as the N-terminal domain (NTD). Credit: © Institut
Pasteur – Félix Rey

The Omicron variant was detected for the first time in South Africa in November
2021 and has since spread to many countries. It is expected to become the
dominant variant within a few weeks or months. Initial epidemiological studies
show that the Omicron variant is more transmissible than the currently dominant
virus (the Delta variant). It is capable of spreading to individuals who have
received two vaccine doses and to previously infected individuals. Scientists
from the Institut Pasteur and the Vaccine Research Institute, in collaboration
with KU Leuven (Leuven, Belgium), Orléans Regional Hospital, Hôpital Européen
Georges Pompidou (AP-HP), Inserm and the CNRS, studied the sensitivity of the
Omicron variant to monoclonal antibodies used in clinical practice to prevent
severe forms of the disease in people at risk, as well as to antibodies in the
blood of individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated. They
compared this sensitivity with that of the Delta variant. The scientists
demonstrated that Omicron is much less sensitive to neutralizing antibodies than
Delta. The scientists then analyzed the blood of people who had received two
doses of the Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccine. Five months after vaccination, the
antibodies in the blood were no longer capable of neutralizing Omicron. This
loss of efficacy was also observed in individuals who had been infected with
SARS-CoV-2 within the past 12 months. Administering a booster dose of the Pfizer
vaccine or a single vaccine dose in previously infected individuals led to a
significant increase in antibody levels that was sufficient to neutralize
Omicron. Omicron is therefore much less sensitive to the anti-SARS-CoV-2
antibodies currently used in clinical practice or obtained after two vaccine
doses.

Initial epidemiological studies demonstrate that the Omicron variant is more
transmissible than the Delta variant. The Omicron variant’s biological
characteristics are still relatively unknown. It has more than 32 mutations in
the spike protein compared with the first SARS-CoV-2 and was designated as a
variant of concern by WHO on November 26, 2021.

In South Africa, the Omicron variant replaced the other viruses within a few
weeks and led to a sharp increase in the number of cases diagnosed. Analyses in
various countries indicate that the doubling time for cases is approximately 2
to 4 days. Omicron has been detected in dozens of countries, including France
and became dominant by the end of 2021.



In a new study supported by the European Union’s Health Emergency Preparedness
and Response Authority (HERA), scientists from the Institut Pasteur and the
Vaccine Research Institute, in collaboration with KU Leuven (Leuven, Belgium),
Orléans Regional Hospital, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP) and Inserm,
studied the sensitivity of Omicron to antibodies compared with the currently
dominant Delta variant. The aim of the study was to characterize the efficacy of
therapeutic antibodies, as well as antibodies developed by individuals
previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated, in neutralizing this new
variant.

The scientists from KU Leuven isolated the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 from a
nasal sample of a 32-year-old woman who developed moderate COVID-19 a few days
after returning from Egypt. The isolated virus was immediately sent to
scientists at the Institut Pasteur, where therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and
serum samples from people who had been vaccinated or previously exposed to
SARS-CoV-2 were used to study the sensitivity of the Omicron variant.

The scientists used rapid neutralization assays, developed by the Institut
Pasteur’s Virus and Immunity Unit, on the isolated sample of the Omicron virus.
This collaborative multidisciplinary effort also involved the Institut Pasteur’s
virologists and specialists in the analysis of viral evolution and protein
structure, together with teams from Orléans Regional Hospital and Hôpital
Européen Georges Pompidou in Paris.

The scientists began by testing nine monoclonal antibodies used in clinical
practice or currently in preclinical development. Six antibodies lost all
antiviral activity, and the other three were 3 to 80 times less effective
against Omicron than against Delta. The antibodies Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (a
combination developed by Lilly), Casirivimab/Imdevimab (a combination developed
by Roche and known as Ronapreve) and Regdanvimab (developed by Celtrion) no
longer had any antiviral effect against Omicron. The Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab
combination (developed by AstraZeneca under the name Evusheld) was 80 times less
effective against Omicron than against Delta.

“We demonstrated that this highly transmissible variant has acquired significant
resistance to antibodies. Most of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
currently available against SARS-CoV-2 are inactive,” comments Olivier Schwartz,
co-last author of the study and Head of the Virus and Immunity Unit at the
Institut Pasteur.

The scientists observed that the blood of patients previously infected with
COVID-19, collected up to 12 months after symptoms, and that of individuals who
had received two doses of the Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccine, taken five months
after vaccination, barely neutralized the Omicron variant. But the sera of
individuals who had received a booster dose of Pfizer, analyzed one month after
vaccination, remained effective against Omicron. Five to 31 times more
antibodies were nevertheless required to neutralize Omicron, compared with
Delta, in cell culture assays. These results help shed light on the continued
efficacy of vaccines in protecting against severe forms of disease.

“We now need to study the length of protection of the booster dose. The vaccines
probably become less effective in offering protection against contracting the
virus, but they should continue to protect against severe forms,” explains
Olivier Schwartz.

“This study shows that the Omicron variant hampers the effectiveness of vaccines
and monoclonal antibodies, but it also demonstrates the ability of European
scientists to work together to identify challenges and potential solutions.
While KU Leuven was able to describe the first case of Omicron infection in
Europe using the Belgian genome surveillance system, our collaboration with the
Institut Pasteur in Paris enabled us to carry out this study in record time.
There is still a great deal of work to do, but thanks to the support of the
European Union’s Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), we
have clearly now reached a point where scientists from the best centers can work
in synergy and move towards a better understanding and more effective management
of the pandemic,” comments Emmanuel André, co-last author of the study, a
Professor of Medicine at KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) and Head of
the National Reference Laboratory and the genome surveillance network for
COVID-19 in Belgium.

The scientists concluded that the many mutations in the spike protein of the
Omicron variant enabled it to largely evade the immune response. Ongoing
research is being conducted to determine why this variant is more transmissible
from one individual to the next and to analyze the long-term effectiveness of a
booster dose.

Reference: “Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody
neutralization” by Delphine Planas, Nell Saunders, Piet Maes, Florence
Guivel-Benhassine, Cyril Planchais, Julian Buchrieser, William-Henry Bolland,
Françoise Porrot, Isabelle Staropoli, Frederic Lemoine, Hélène Péré, David
Veyer, Julien Puech, Julien Rodary, Guy Baela, Simon Dellicour, Joren
Raymenants, Sarah Gorissen, Caspar Geenen, Bert Vanmechelen, Tony
Wawina-Bokalanga, Joan Martí-Carrerasi, Lize Cuypers, Aymeric Sève, Laurent
Hocqueloux, Thierry Prazuck, Félix Rey, Etienne Simon-Lorrière, Timothée Bruel,
Hugo Mouquet, Emmanuel André and Olivier Schwartz, 23 December 2021, Nature.
DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-03827-2
bioRxiv


WE RECOMMEND

 1. Fully Vaccinated Individuals at Risk for COVID Infection With Omicron
    Variant – Columbia Study
    Mike ONeill, SciTechDaily, 2021
 2. Scientists Identify Antibodies That Can Neutralize Omicron and Other COVID
    Variants
    Mike ONeill, SciTechDaily, 2021
 3. COVID Delta and Delta Plus Variants Evade the Antibody Response
    Mike ONeill, SciTechDaily, 2021
 4. u201cThis Virus Is a Shape-Shifter!” – New Research Details How COVID
    Variants Are Evolving New Ways To Evade Vaccines
    Harvard Medical School, SciTechDaily, 2021
 5. New Research Finds Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine “Highly Effective” Against All
    SARS-CoV-2 Virus Variants
    Kaiser Permanente, SciTechDaily, 2021

 1. Omicron resistant to most monoclonal antibodies but neutralized by a booster
    dose
    by Pasteur Institute, MedicalXpress, 2022
 2. Analysis of the sensitivity of the UK (B.1.1.7) and South African (B.1.351)
    variants to SA
    MedicalXpress, 2021
 3. Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced
    neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses
    Benjamin L. Sievers et al., Sci Transl Med, 2022
 4. By Second Vaccine Dose, COVID-19 Survivors, Uninfected Are Similarly
    Protected
    By staff, US Pharmacist, 2021
 5. Vaccine Manufacturers Work to Respond to Any Omicron Variant Threats
    By staff, US Pharmacist, 2021

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2 COMMENTS ON "COVID-19 OMICRON VARIANT RESISTANT TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES – BUT
NEUTRALIZED BY VACCINE BOOSTER"

 1. Sekar | January 9, 2022 at 4:17 pm | Reply
    
    Interesting.
    
    Question: Is the Variant found in France ( 12 cases reported) with 46
    mutations on the Spike Protien a Variant of Concern ?
    
    Suggest that the Institute which invented Vaccines in the first place,
    explore the suggested option below:
    
    There was an article around 30th November 2021 about a molecule derived from
    a poisonous plant,Which Blocks ALL SRAS – COV – 2 Variants.
    
    The Plant based anti viral agent called Thapsigargin (TG) is derived from a
    group of Poisonous plants known as :”Dedaly Carrots” and appears to be
    effective against All Variants of SARS – COV -2 in the laboratory.
    
    Combine this with the ancient method of Homeopathy used widely in this part
    of the world , which is basically using highly diluted molecules to cure
    ailmemts —-as medicine, and this poison could become the elixir of life for
    humanity.
    
    Of course the Scientists have to carry out the necessary experiments in the
    lab and also in the field to get the right composition of the neutraliing
    agent for this Omicron and other Variants of Concern of these Covid 19
    Viruses which may emerge in the future.
    
    Inspired by Lord Shiva who inhaled , drank the poison let loose on humanity
    in ancient times.
    
    Views expressed are ersonal and not binding on anyone.

 2. Sally | January 10, 2022 at 12:34 pm | Reply
    
    I recommend everyone to read Real Anthony Fauci by Bobby Kennedy Jr. On
    chapther 3 he explains how Ivermectin could have saved 80 percent of deaths
    Worldwide. This book have opened my eyes. I now know that, 90% of all
    medicine is not for anything else than profit for them. Low profit and
    effective medicines are bashed and marketed as ineffective because they go
    against their narrative and profit plans. One of them is wonder drug
    Ivermectin. I see that everyday people search for it but can’t find a place
    to obtain. You can get yours by visiting ivmcures.com


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