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Text Content

 * 

Overview
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 * Accelerate your digital transformation
 * Whether your business is early in its journey or well on its way to digital
   transformation, Google Cloud can help solve your toughest challenges.
 * Learn more

 * Key benefits
 * Why Google Cloud
   Top reasons businesses choose us.
 * AI and ML
   Get enterprise-ready AI.
 * Multicloud
   Run your apps wherever you need them.
 * Global infrastructure
   Build on the same infrastructure as Google.

 * Data Cloud
   Make smarter decisions with unified data.
 * Open cloud
   Scale with open, flexible technology.
 * Trust and security
   Keep your data secure and compliant.
 * Productivity and collaboration
   Connect your teams with AI-powered apps.

 * Reports and insights
 * Executive insights
   Curated C-suite perspectives.
 * Analyst reports
   Read what industry analysts say about us.
 * Whitepapers
   Browse and download popular whitepapers.
 * Customer stories
   Explore case studies and videos.

Solutions
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 * Industry Solutions
 * Application Modernization
 * Artificial Intelligence
 * APIs and Applications
 * Databases
 * Data Cloud
 * Digital Transformation
 * Infrastructure Modernization
 * Productivity and Collaboration
 * Security
 * Smart Analytics
 * Startups and SMB

See all solutions
 * Industry Solutions
   Reduce cost, increase operational agility, and capture new market
   opportunities.

 * Retail
   Analytics and collaboration tools for the retail value chain.

 * Consumer Packaged Goods
   Solutions for CPG digital transformation and brand growth.

 * Financial Services
   Computing, data management, and analytics tools for financial services.

 * Healthcare and Life Sciences
   Advance research at scale and empower healthcare innovation.

 * Media and Entertainment
   Solutions for content production and distribution operations.

 * Telecommunications
   Hybrid and multi-cloud services to deploy and monetize 5G.

 * Games
   AI-driven solutions to build and scale games faster.

 * Manufacturing
   Migration and AI tools to optimize the manufacturing value chain.

 * Supply Chain and Logistics
   Digital supply chain solutions built in the cloud.

 * Government
   Data storage, AI, and analytics solutions for government agencies.

 * Education
   Teaching tools to provide more engaging learning experiences.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all industry solutions

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all solutions

 * Application Modernization
   Assess, plan, implement, and measure software practices and capabilities to
   modernize and simplify your organization’s business application portfolios.

 * CAMP
   Program that uses DORA to improve your software delivery capabilities.

 * Modernize Traditional Applications
   Analyze, categorize, and get started with cloud migration on traditional
   workloads.

 * Migrate from PaaS: Cloud Foundry, Openshift
   Tools for moving your existing containers into Google's managed container
   services.

 * Migrate from Mainframe
   Automated tools and prescriptive guidance for moving your mainframe apps to
   the cloud.

 * Modernize Software Delivery
   Software supply chain best practices - innerloop productivity, CI/CD and S3C.

 * DevOps Best Practices
   Processes and resources for implementing DevOps in your org.

 * SRE Principles
   Tools and resources for adopting SRE in your org.

 * Day 2 Operations for GKE
   Tools and guidance for effective GKE management and monitoring.

 * FinOps and Optimization of GKE
   Best practices for running reliable, performant, and cost effective
   applications on GKE.

 * Run Applications at the Edge
   Guidance for localized and low latency apps on Google’s hardware agnostic
   edge solution.

 * Architect for Multicloud
   Manage workloads across multiple clouds with a consistent platform.

 * Go Serverless
   Fully managed environment for developing, deploying and scaling apps.

 * Artificial Intelligence
   Add intelligence and efficiency to your business with AI and machine
   learning.

 * Contact Center AI
   AI model for speaking with customers and assisting human agents.

 * Document AI
   Document processing and data capture automated at scale.

 * Product Discovery
   Google-quality search and product recommendations for retailers.

 * APIs and Applications
   Speed up the pace of innovation without coding, using APIs, apps, and
   automation.

 * New Business Channels Using APIs
   Attract and empower an ecosystem of developers and partners.

 * Unlocking Legacy Applications Using APIs
   Cloud services for extending and modernizing legacy apps.

 * Open Banking APIx
   Simplify and accelerate secure delivery of open banking compliant APIs.

 * Databases
   Migrate and manage enterprise data with security, reliability, high
   availability, and fully managed data services.

 * Database Migration
   Guides and tools to simplify your database migration life cycle.

 * Database Modernization
   Upgrades to modernize your operational database infrastructure.

 * Databases for Games
   Build global, live games with Google Cloud databases.

 * Google Cloud Databases
   Database services to migrate, manage, and modernize data.

 * Migrate Oracle workloads to Google Cloud
   Rehost, replatform, rewrite your Oracle workloads.

 * Open Source Databases
   Fully managed open source databases with enterprise-grade support.

 * SQL Server on Google Cloud
   Options for running SQL Server virtual machines on Google Cloud.

 * Data Cloud
   Unify data across your organization with an open and simplified approach to
   data-driven transformation that is unmatched for speed, scale, and security
   with AI built-in.

 * Databases Solutions
   Migrate and manage enterprise data with security, reliability, high
   availability, and fully managed data services.

 * Smart Analytics Solutions
   Generate instant insights from data at any scale with a serverless, fully
   managed analytics platform that significantly simplifies analytics.

 * AI Solutions
   Add intelligence and efficiency to your business with AI and machine
   learning.

 * Data Cloud for ISVs
   Innovate, optimize and amplify your SaaS applications using Google's data and
   machine learning solutions such as BigQuery, Looker, Spanner and Vertex AI.

 * Data Cloud Alliance
   An initiative to ensure that global businesses have more seamless access and
   insights into the data required for digital transformation.

 * Digital Transformation
 * Accelerate business recovery and ensure a better future with solutions that
   enable hybrid and multi-cloud, generate intelligent insights, and keep your
   workers connected.

 * Digital Innovation
   Reimagine your operations and unlock new opportunities.

 * Operational Efficiency
   Prioritize investments and optimize costs.

 * COVID-19 Solutions
   Get work done more safely and securely.

 * COVID-19 Solutions for the Healthcare Industry
   How Google is helping healthcare meet extraordinary challenges.

 * Infrastructure Modernization
   Migrate quickly with solutions for SAP, VMware, Windows, Oracle, and other
   workloads.

 * Application Migration
   Discovery and analysis tools for moving to the cloud.

 * SAP on Google Cloud
   Certifications for running SAP applications and SAP HANA.

 * High Performance Computing
   Compute, storage, and networking options to support any workload.

 * Windows on Google Cloud
   Tools and partners for running Windows workloads.

 * Data Center Migration
   Migration solutions for VMs, apps, databases, and more.

 * Active Assist
   Automatic cloud resource optimization and increased security.

 * Virtual Desktops
   Remote work solutions for desktops and applications (VDI & DaaS).

 * Rapid Assessment & Migration Program (RAMP)
   End-to-end migration program to simplify your path to the cloud.

 * Backup and Disaster Recovery
   Ensure your business continuity needs are met.

 * Productivity and Collaboration
   Change the way teams work with solutions designed for humans and built for
   impact.

 * Google Workspace
   Collaboration and productivity tools for enterprises.

 * Google Workspace Essentials
   Secure video meetings and modern collaboration for teams.

 * Cloud Identity
   Unified platform for IT admins to manage user devices and apps.

 * Chrome Enterprise
   Chrome OS, Chrome Browser, and Chrome devices built for business.

 * Cloud Search
   Enterprise search for employees to quickly find company information.

 * Security
   Detect, investigate, and respond to online threats to help protect your
   business.

 * Security Analytics and Operations
   Solution for analyzing petabytes of security telemetry.

 * Web App and API Protection
   Threat and fraud protection for your web applications and APIs.

 * Security and Resilience Framework
   Solutions for each phase of the security and resilience life cycle.

 * Risk and compliance as code (RCaC)
   Solution to modernize your governance, risk, and compliance function with
   automation.

 * Software Supply Chain Security
   Solution for improving end-to-end software supply chain security.

 * Security Foundation
   Recommended products to help achieve a strong security posture.

 * Smart Analytics
   Generate instant insights from data at any scale with a serverless, fully
   managed analytics platform that significantly simplifies analytics.

 * Data Warehouse Modernization
   Data warehouse to jumpstart your migration and unlock insights.

 * Data Lake Modernization
   Services for building and modernizing your data lake.

 * Spark on Google Cloud
   Run and write Spark where you need it, serverless and integrated.

 * Stream Analytics
   Insights from ingesting, processing, and analyzing event streams.

 * Business Intelligence
   Solutions for modernizing your BI stack and creating rich data experiences.

 * Data Science
   Put your data to work with Data Science on Google Cloud.

 * Marketing Analytics
   Solutions for collecting, analyzing, and activating customer data.

 * Geospatial Analytics and AI
   Solutions for building a more prosperous and sustainable business.

 * Datasets
   Data from Google, public, and commercial providers to enrich your analytics
   and AI initiatives.

 * Startups and SMB
   Accelerate startup and SMB growth with tailored solutions and programs.

 * Startup Solutions
   Grow your startup and solve your toughest challenges using Google’s proven
   technology.

 * Startup Program
   Get financial, business, and technical support to take your startup to the
   next level.

 * Small and Medium Business
   Explore solutions for web hosting, app development, AI, and analytics.

 * Software as a Service
   Build better SaaS products, scale efficiently, and grow your business.

Products
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 * Featured Products
 * AI and Machine Learning
 * API Management
 * Compute
 * Containers
 * Data Analytics
 * Databases
 * Developer Tools
 * Healthcare and Life Sciences
 * Hybrid and Multicloud
 * Internet of Things
 * Management Tools
 * Media and Gaming
 * Migration
 * Networking
 * Operations
 * Security and Identity
 * Serverless Computing
 * Storage

See all products (100+)
 * Featured Products

 * Compute Engine
   Virtual machines running in Google’s data center.

 * Cloud Storage
   Object storage that’s secure, durable, and scalable.

 * Cloud SDK
   Command-line tools and libraries for Google Cloud.

 * Cloud SQL
   Relational database service for MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL Server.

 * Google Kubernetes Engine
   Managed environment for running containerized apps.

 * BigQuery
   Data warehouse for business agility and insights.

 * Cloud CDN
   Content delivery network for delivering web and video.

 * Dataflow
   Streaming analytics for stream and batch processing.

 * Operations
   Monitoring, logging, and application performance suite.

 * Cloud Run
   Fully managed environment for running containerized apps.

 * Anthos
   Platform for modernizing existing apps and building new ones.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all products (100+)

 * AI and Machine Learning

 * Vertex AI
   Unified platform for training, running, and managing ML models.

 * Vertex AI Workbench
   Single interface for the entire Data Science workflow.

 * AI Infrastructure
   Options for training deep learning and ML models cost-effectively.

 * AutoML
   Custom machine learning model development, with minimal effort.

 * Natural Language AI
   Sentiment analysis and classification of unstructured text.

 * Speech-to-Text
   Speech recognition and transcription across 125 languages.

 * Text-to-Speech
   Speech synthesis in 220+ voices and 40+ languages.

 * Translation AI
   Language detection, translation, and glossary support.

 * Video AI
   Video classification and recognition using machine learning.

 * Vision AI
   Custom and pre-trained models to detect emotion, text, and more.

 * Dialogflow
   Lifelike conversational AI with state-of-the-art virtual agents.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all AI and machine learning products

 * API Management

 * Apigee API Management
   Manage the full life cycle of APIs anywhere with visibility and control.

 * Apigee Integration
   API-first integration to connect existing data and applications.

 * Cloud Healthcare API
   Solution to bridge existing care systems and apps on Google Cloud.

 * AppSheet
   No-code development platform to build and extend applications.

 * API Gateway
   Develop, deploy, secure, and manage APIs with a fully managed gateway.

 * Compute

 * Compute Engine
   Virtual machines running in Google’s data center.

 * App Engine
   Serverless application platform for apps and back ends.

 * Cloud GPUs
   GPUs for ML, scientific computing, and 3D visualization.

 * Migrate to Virtual Machines
   Server and virtual machine migration to Compute Engine.

 * Spot VMs
   Compute instances for batch jobs and fault-tolerant workloads.

 * Batch
   Fully managed service for scheduling batch jobs.

 * Sole-Tenant Nodes
   Dedicated hardware for compliance, licensing, and management.

 * Bare Metal
   Infrastructure to run specialized workloads on Google Cloud.

 * Recommender
   Usage recommendations for Google Cloud products and services.

 * VMware Engine
   Fully managed, native VMware Cloud Foundation software stack.

 * Cloud Run
   Fully managed environment for running containerized apps.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all compute products

 * Containers

 * Google Kubernetes Engine
   Managed environment for running containerized apps.

 * Container Registry
   Registry for storing, managing, and securing Docker images.

 * Container Security
   Container environment security for each stage of the life cycle.

 * Cloud Build
   Solution for running build steps in a Docker container.

 * Deep Learning Containers
   Containers with data science frameworks, libraries, and tools.

 * Kubernetes Applications
   Containerized apps with prebuilt deployment and unified billing.

 * Artifact Registry
   Package manager for build artifacts and dependencies.

 * Knative
   Components to create Kubernetes-native cloud-based software.

 * Cloud Run
   Fully managed environment for running containerized apps.

 * Cloud Code
   IDE support to write, run, and debug Kubernetes applications.

 * Google Cloud Deploy
   Fully managed continuous delivery to Google Kubernetes Engine and Cloud Run.

 * Data Analytics

 * BigQuery
   Data warehouse for business agility and insights.

 * Looker
   Platform for BI, data applications, and embedded analytics.

 * Dataflow
   Streaming analytics for stream and batch processing.

 * Pub/Sub
   Messaging service for event ingestion and delivery.

 * Dataproc
   Service for running Apache Spark and Apache Hadoop clusters.

 * Cloud Data Fusion
   Data integration for building and managing data pipelines.

 * Cloud Composer
   Workflow orchestration service built on Apache Airflow.

 * Dataprep
   Service to prepare data for analysis and machine learning.

 * Dataplex
   Intelligent data fabric for unifying data management across silos.

 * Looker Studio
   Interactive data suite for dashboarding, reporting, and analytics.

 * Analytics Hub
   Service for securely and efficiently exchanging data analytics assets.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all data analytics products

 * Databases

 * AlloyDB for PostgreSQL
   Fully managed, PostgreSQL-compatible database for demanding enterprise
   workloads.

 * Cloud Bigtable
   Cloud-native wide-column database for large scale, low-latency workloads.

 * Firestore
   Cloud-native document database for building rich mobile, web, and IoT apps.

 * Memorystore
   In-memory database for managed Redis and Memcached.

 * Cloud Spanner
   Cloud-native relational database with unlimited scale and 99.999%
   availability.

 * Cloud SQL
   Fully managed database for MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server.

 * Database Migration Service
   Serverless, minimal downtime migrations to the cloud.

 * Bare Metal Solution for Oracle
   Infrastructure to run specialized Oracle workloads on Google Cloud.

 * Firebase Realtime Database
   NoSQL database for storing and syncing data in real time.

 * Datastream
   Serverless change data capture and replication service.

 * Developer Tools

 * Artifact Registry
   Universal package manager for build artifacts and dependencies.

 * Cloud Build
   Continuous integration and continuous delivery platform.

 * Cloud Code
   IDE support to write, run, and debug Kubernetes applications.

 * Cloud Deployment Manager
   Service for creating and managing Google Cloud resources.

 * gcloud CLI
   Command line tools and libraries for Google Cloud.

 * Cloud Scheduler
   Cron job scheduler for task automation and management.

 * Cloud Source Repositories
   Private Git repository to store, manage, and track code.

 * Cloud Tasks
   Task management service for asynchronous task execution.

 * Cloud Workstations
   Managed and secure development environments in the cloud

 * Google Cloud Deploy
   Fully managed continuous delivery to Google Kubernetes Engine and Cloud Run.

 * Tools for PowerShell
   Full cloud control from Windows PowerShell.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all developer tools

 * Healthcare and Life Sciences

 * Apigee Healthcare APIx
   FHIR API-based digital service production.

 * Cloud Healthcare API
   Solution for bridging existing care systems and apps on Google Cloud.

 * Cloud Life Sciences
   Tools for managing, processing, and transforming biomedical data.

 * Device Connect for Fitbit
   Gain a 360-degree patient view with connected Fitbit data on Google Cloud.

 * Healthcare Natural Language AI
   Real-time insights from unstructured medical text.

 * Medical Imaging Suite
   Accelerate development of AI for medical imaging by making imaging data
   accessible, interoperable, and useful.

 * Hybrid and Multicloud

 * Anthos
   Platform for modernizing existing apps and building new ones.

 * Looker
   Platform for BI, data applications, and embedded analytics.

 * Cloud Run for Anthos
   Integration that provides a serverless development platform on GKE.

 * Google Cloud Marketplace for Anthos
   Containerized apps with prebuilt deployment and unified billing.

 * Migrate to Containers
   Tool to move workloads and existing applications to GKE.

 * Operations
   Monitoring, logging, and application performance suite.

 * Cloud Build
   Service for executing builds on Google Cloud infrastructure.

 * Traffic Director
   Traffic control pane and management for open service mesh.

 * Apigee API Management
   API management, development, and security platform.

 * Google Distributed Cloud
   Fully managed solutions for the edge and data centers.

 * Google Cloud Deploy
   Fully managed continuous delivery to Google Kubernetes Engine and Cloud Run.

 * Internet of Things

 * Cloud IoT Core
   IoT device management, integration, and connection service.

 * Edge TPU
   ASIC designed to run ML inference and AI at the edge.

 * Management Tools

 * Anthos Config Management
   Automate policy and security for your deployments.

 * Carbon Footprint
   Dashboard to view and export Google Cloud carbon emissions reports.

 * Cloud APIs
   Programmatic interfaces for Google Cloud services.

 * Cloud console
   Web-based interface for managing and monitoring cloud apps.

 * Cloud Mobile App
   App to manage Google Cloud services from your mobile device.

 * Cloud Shell
   Interactive shell environment with a built-in command line.

 * Config Connector
   Kubernetes add-on for managing Google Cloud resources.

 * Cost Management
   Tools for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing your costs.

 * Intelligent Management
   Tools for easily managing performance, security, and cost.

 * Private Catalog
   Service catalog for admins managing internal enterprise solutions.

 * Terraform on Google Cloud
   Open source tool to provision Google Cloud resources with declarative
   configuration files.

 * Media and Gaming

 * Live Stream API
   Service to convert live video and package for streaming.

 * OpenCue
   Open source render manager for visual effects and animation.

 * Transcoder API
   Convert video files and package them for optimized delivery.

 * Video Stitcher API
   Service for dynamic or server-side ad insertion.

 * Migration

 * Application Migration
   App migration to the cloud for low-cost refresh cycles.

 * BigQuery Data Transfer Service
   Data import service for scheduling and moving data into BigQuery.

 * Cloud Foundation Toolkit
   Reference templates for Deployment Manager and Terraform.

 * Database Migration Service
   Serverless, minimal downtime migrations to the cloud.

 * Migrate to Containers
   Components for migrating VMs into system containers on GKE.

 * Migrate to Virtual Machines
   Components for migrating VMs and physical servers to Compute Engine.

 * Migration Center
   Unified platform for migrating and modernizing with Google Cloud.

 * Rapid Assessment & Migration Program (RAMP)
   End-to-end migration program to simplify your path to the cloud.

 * Transfer Appliance
   Storage server for moving large volumes of data to Google Cloud.

 * Storage Transfer Service
   Data transfers from online and on-premises sources to Cloud Storage.

 * VMware Engine
   Migrate and run your VMware workloads natively on Google Cloud.

 * Networking

 * Cloud Armor
   Security policies and defense against web and DDoS attacks.

 * Cloud CDN
   Content delivery network for serving web and video content.

 * Cloud DNS
   Domain name system for reliable and low-latency name lookups.

 * Cloud Load Balancing
   Service for distributing traffic across applications and regions.

 * Cloud NAT
   NAT service for giving private instances internet access.

 * Hybrid Connectivity
   Connectivity options for VPN, peering, and enterprise needs.

 * Network Connectivity Center
   Connectivity management to help simplify and scale networks.

 * Network Intelligence Center
   Network monitoring, verification, and optimization platform.

 * Network Service Tiers
   Cloud network options based on performance, availability, and cost.

 * Traffic Director
   Traffic control pane and management for open service mesh.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all networking products

 * Operations

 * Cloud Logging
   Google Cloud audit, platform, and application logs management.

 * Cloud Monitoring
   Infrastructure and application health with rich metrics.

 * Error Reporting
   Application error identification and analysis.

 * Kubernetes Engine Monitoring
   GKE app development and troubleshooting.

 * Cloud Trace
   Tracing system collecting latency data from applications.

 * Cloud Profiler
   CPU and heap profiler for analyzing application performance.

 * Intelligent Operations
   Tools for easily optimizing performance, security, and cost.

 * Security and Identity

 * Cloud IAM
   Permissions management system for Google Cloud resources.

 * Assured Workloads
   Compliance and security controls for sensitive workloads.

 * Cloud Key Management
   Manage encryption keys on Google Cloud.

 * Confidential Computing
   Encrypt data in use with Confidential VMs.

 * Security Command Center
   Platform for defending against threats to your Google Cloud assets.

 * Cloud Data Loss Prevention
   Sensitive data inspection, classification, and redaction platform.

 * Mandiant Products and Services
   Cybersecurity technology and expertise from the frontlines.

 * Chronicle SIEM
   Extract signals from your security telemetry to find threats instantly.

 * Chronicle Security Operations
   Detect, investigate, and respond to cyber threats.

 * VirusTotal Enterprise
   Unique visibility into threats.

 * reCAPTCHA Enterprise
   Protect your website from fraudulent activity, spam, and abuse without
   friction.

 * Not seeing what you're looking for?
 * See all security and identity products

 * Serverless Computing

 * Cloud Run
   Fully managed environment for running containerized apps.

 * Cloud Functions
   Platform for creating functions that respond to cloud events.

 * App Engine
   Serverless application platform for apps and back ends.

 * Workflows
   Workflow orchestration for serverless products and API services.

 * Storage

 * All Storage Products
   Cloud-based storage services for your business.

 * Cloud Storage
   Object storage that’s secure, durable, and scalable.

 * Filestore
   File storage that is highly scalable and secure.

 * Persistent Disk
   Block storage for virtual machine instances running on Google Cloud.

 * Cloud Storage for Firebase
   Object storage for storing and serving user-generated content.

 * Local SSD
   Block storage that is locally attached for high-performance needs.

 * Storage Transfer Service
   Data transfers from online and on-premises sources to Cloud Storage.

 * Google Workspace Essentials
   Secure video meetings and modern collaboration for teams.

 * Google Cloud Backup and DR
   Managed backup and disaster recovery for application-consistent data
   protection.

Pricing
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 * Save money with our transparent approach to pricing
 * Google Cloud's pay-as-you-go pricing offers automatic savings based on
   monthly usage and discounted rates for prepaid resources. Contact us today to
   get a quote.
 * Request a quote

 * Pricing overview and tools
 * Google Cloud pricing
   Pay only for what you use with no lock-in.
 * Pricing calculator
   Calculate your cloud savings.
 * Google Cloud free tier
   Explore products with free monthly usage.

 * Cost optimization framework
   Get best practices to optimize workload costs.
 * Cost management tools
   Tools to monitor and control your costs.

 * Product-specific Pricing
 * Compute Engine
 * Cloud SQL
 * Google Kubernetes Engine
 * Cloud Storage
 * BigQuery

 * See full price list with 100+ products

Resources
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 * Learn & build
 * Google Cloud Free Program
   $300 in free credits and 20+ free products.
 * Quickstarts
   Get tutorials and walkthroughs.
 * Cloud computing basics
   Learn more about cloud computing topics.
 * Blog
   Read our latest product news and stories.

 * Learning Hub
   Grow your career with role-based learning.
 * Training
   Enroll in on-demand or classroom training.
 * Certification
   Prepare and register for certifications.
 * Cloud Architecture Center
   Get reference architectures and best practices.

 * Connect
 * Innovators
   Join Google Cloud's developer program.
 * Developer Center
   Stay in the know and stay connected.
 * Events and webinars
   Browse upcoming and on demand events.
 * Google Cloud Community
   Ask questions, find answers, and connect.

 * Third-party tools and partners
 * Google Cloud Marketplace
   Deploy ready-to-go solutions in a few clicks.
 * Google Cloud partners
   Explore benefits of working with a partner.
 * Become a partner
   Join the Partner Advantage program.

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 * Start free

 * Cloud Healthcare API
 * All resources
 * Public datasets
    * All datasets
    * NIH Chest X-ray
    * IDC datasets

 * Integrations
 * Pricing
 * Healthcare Natural Language API pricing
 * Quotas and limits
 * Release notes
 * Requirements
 * Service Level Agreement
 * HIPAA compliance

 * Accelerate your digital transformation
 * Learn more
 * Key benefits
 * Why Google Cloud
 * AI and ML
 * Multicloud
 * Global infrastructure
 * Data Cloud
 * Open cloud
 * Trust and security
 * Productivity and collaboration
 * Reports and insights
 * Executive insights
 * Analyst reports
 * Whitepapers
 * Customer stories

 * Industry Solutions
 * Retail
 * Consumer Packaged Goods
 * Financial Services
 * Healthcare and Life Sciences
 * Media and Entertainment
 * Telecommunications
 * Games
 * Manufacturing
 * Supply Chain and Logistics
 * Government
 * Education
 * See all industry solutions
 * See all solutions
 * Application Modernization
 * CAMP
 * Modernize Traditional Applications
 * Migrate from PaaS: Cloud Foundry, Openshift
 * Migrate from Mainframe
 * Modernize Software Delivery
 * DevOps Best Practices
 * SRE Principles
 * Day 2 Operations for GKE
 * FinOps and Optimization of GKE
 * Run Applications at the Edge
 * Architect for Multicloud
 * Go Serverless
 * Artificial Intelligence
 * Contact Center AI
 * Document AI
 * Product Discovery
 * APIs and Applications
 * New Business Channels Using APIs
 * Unlocking Legacy Applications Using APIs
 * Open Banking APIx
 * Databases
 * Database Migration
 * Database Modernization
 * Databases for Games
 * Google Cloud Databases
 * Migrate Oracle workloads to Google Cloud
 * Open Source Databases
 * SQL Server on Google Cloud
 * Data Cloud
 * Databases Solutions
 * Smart Analytics Solutions
 * AI Solutions
 * Data Cloud for ISVs
 * Data Cloud Alliance
 * Digital Transformation
 * Digital Innovation
 * Operational Efficiency
 * COVID-19 Solutions
 * COVID-19 Solutions for the Healthcare Industry
 * Infrastructure Modernization
 * Application Migration
 * SAP on Google Cloud
 * High Performance Computing
 * Windows on Google Cloud
 * Data Center Migration
 * Active Assist
 * Virtual Desktops
 * Rapid Assessment & Migration Program (RAMP)
 * Backup and Disaster Recovery
 * Productivity and Collaboration
 * Google Workspace
 * Google Workspace Essentials
 * Cloud Identity
 * Chrome Enterprise
 * Cloud Search
 * Security
 * Security Analytics and Operations
 * Web App and API Protection
 * Security and Resilience Framework
 * Risk and compliance as code (RCaC)
 * Software Supply Chain Security
 * Security Foundation
 * Smart Analytics
 * Data Warehouse Modernization
 * Data Lake Modernization
 * Spark on Google Cloud
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NIH CHEST X-RAY DATASET

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 * On this page
 * License and attribution
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   * Cloud Storage
   * BigQuery
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The NIH Chest X-ray dataset consists of 100,000 de-identified images of chest
x-rays. The images are in PNG format.

The data is provided by the NIH Clinical Center and is available through the NIH
download site: https://nihcc.app.box.com/v/ChestXray-NIHCC

You can also access the data via Google Cloud, as described in Google Cloud data
access.


LICENSE AND ATTRIBUTION

There are no restrictions on the use of the NIH chest x-ray images. However, the
dataset has the following attribution requirements:

 * Provide a link to the NIH download site:
   https://nihcc.app.box.com/v/ChestXray-NIHCC

 * Include a citation to the CVPR 2017 paper:
   
   > Xiaosong Wang, Yifan Peng, Le Lu, Zhiyong Lu, Mohammadhadi Bagheri, Ronald
   > Summers, ChestX-ray8: Hospital-scale Chest X-ray Database and Benchmarks on
   > Weakly-Supervised Classification and Localization of Common Thorax
   > Diseases, IEEE CVPR, pp. 3462-3471, 2017

 * Acknowledge that the NIH Clinical Center is the data provider


GOOGLE CLOUD DATA ACCESS

You can get the NIH chest x-ray images from Cloud Storage, BigQuery, or using
the Cloud Healthcare API.


CLOUD STORAGE

The NIH chest x-ray data is available in the following Cloud Storage bucket:





gs://gcs-public-data--healthcare-nih-chest-xray



Go to the NIH chest x-ray dataset in Cloud Storage

The bucket includes paths to the original PNG files, as well as to DICOM
instances:

PNG (provided by NIH):



gs://gcs-public-data--healthcare-nih-chest-xray/png/FILENAME.png



DICOM (provided by Google):



gs://gcs-public-data--healthcare-nih-chest-xray/dicom/FILENAME.dcm



The Cloud Storage bucket uses the "Requester Pays" model for billing. Your
Google Cloud project will be billed for the charges associated with accessing
the NIH data. For more information, see Requester Pays.


BIGQUERY

The NIH chest x-ray data is available in the chc-nih-chest-xray Google Cloud
project in BigQuery.

Go to the NIH chest x-ray dataset in BigQuery



For information about accessing public data in BigQuery, see BigQuery public
datasets.


CLOUD HEALTHCARE API

The NIH chest x-ray data is available in the following DICOM store hierarchy in
Cloud Healthcare API:

Project: chc-nih-chest-xray
Dataset: nih-chest-xray
DICOM store: nih-chest-xray

To request access to the NIH chest x-ray dataset, complete this form.

Go to the NIH chest x-ray dataset in the Cloud Healthcare API

For more information, see the DICOM overview and Using the DICOMweb Standard.

DATA VIEWERS

You can also use the viewers that are integrated with the Cloud Healthcare API:

eUnity: https://demo.eunity.app

IMS CloudVue: https://cloudvue.imstsvc.com


ADDITIONAL LABELS

To access expert labels for a subset of the NIH ChestX-ray14 dataset, complete
the following form. After you have completed the form, you can download the
labels.

Go to the Google Form to get the labels

The labels were collected as part of two independent studies, and are described
in the following papers:

 * Chest Radiograph Interpretation with Deep Learning Models
 * Deep Learning for Distinguishing Normal versus Abnormal Chest Radiographs and
   Generalization to Two Unseen Diseases Tuberculosis and COVID-19

There are two sets of labels, each associated with one of the studies. The first
set of labels is associated with the study published in Radiology and focuses on
four chest x-ray findings: airspace opacity, pneumothorax, nodule/mass, and
fracture. The second set of labels is associated with the study published in
Scientific Reports and includes all 14 findings released in the original
dataset, and a normal/abnormal label.

FOUR FINDINGS EXPERT LABELS

In the Radiology paper, the set of labels focused on four findings (airspace
opacity, pneumothorax, nodule/mass, and fracture) and encompassed both
validation and test sets. The final labels for each image were assigned via
adjudicated review by three radiologists. Each image was first reviewed
independently by three radiologists. For the test set, radiologists were
selected at random for each image from a cohort of 11 American Board of
Radiology certified radiologists. For the validation set, the three radiologists
were selected from a cohort of 13 individuals, including board-certified
radiologists and radiology residents.

If all readers were in agreement after the initial review, then that label
became final. For images with label disagreements, images were returned for
additional review. Anonymous labels and any notes from the previous rounds were
also available during each iterative review. Adjudication proceeded until
consensus, or up to a maximum of five rounds. For the small number of images for
which consensus was not reached, the majority vote label was used.

Information available at the time of the radiologist review included only
patient age and image view (anterior-posterior (AP) versus posterior-anterior
(PA)). Additional clinical information was not available. For nodule/mass and
pneumothorax, the possible labels were: "present", "absent", or "hedge" (meaning
uncertain if present or absent). For opacity and fracture, the possible label
values were only "present" or "absent".

The labels are in the directory four_findings_expert_labels. In
individual_readers.csv, each row corresponds to the label for each of the four
conditions provided by a single reader for a single image. Each image ID and the
corresponding adjudication result is repeated across multiple rows (one row per
reader). The reader ID is provided for stable linking across images. A cell
value of YES means "present", NO means "absent", and HEDGE means "uncertain".

In validation_labels.csv and test_labels.csv, the metadata provided as part of
the NIH Chest x-ray dataset has been augmented with four columns, one for the
adjudicated label for each of the four conditions: fracture, pneumothorax,
airspace opacity, and nodule/mass. There are 1,962 unique image IDs in the test
set and 2,412 unique image IDs in the validation set for a total of 4,374 images
with adjudicated labels. Only YES and NO appear in the adjudication label
columns. If a column value is missing, then the image was not included in the
adjudicated image set.

When using these labels, include the following citation:

> Anna Majkowska, Sid Mittal, David F. Steiner, Joshua J. Reicher, Scott Mayer
> McKinney, Gavin E. Duggan, Krish Eswaran, PoHsuan Cameron Chen, Yun Liu,
> Sreenivasa Raju Kalidindi, Alexander Ding, Greg S. Corrado, Daniel Tse,
> Shravya Shetty, Chest Radiograph Interpretation Using Deep Learning Models:
> Assessment Using Radiologist Adjudicated Reference Standards and
> Population-Adjusted Evaluation, Radiology, 2019.

For more information on the License and Attribution of the NIH Chest x-ray
dataset, see the License and attribution section above.

ALL FINDINGS EXPERT LABELS

In the Scientific Reports paper, the set of labels focused on all 14 findings
released in the original dataset, and as a normal/abnormal label. The set of
labels only contained images from the test set. These images are identical to
the images included in the Four Findings Expert Labels test split, restricted to
chest x-rays with PA view (810 images out of the 1,962 images).

The same five American Board of Radiology certified radiologists independently
reviewed each image. Each radiologist was first asked whether the image
contained any potentially actionable clinical finding (normal/abnormal label),
and if so, to select which of the 14 conditions were present. Information
available at the time of radiologist review included only patient age and image
view (AP versus PA). Additional clinical information was not available.

The labels are in the directory all_findings_expert_labels. In
test_individual_readers.csv, each row corresponds to a single radiologist's
labels for a single image. This means that each image ID and patient ID is
repeated across multiple rows (five rows per image, one row per reader). Each
row also contains a reader ID so that the radiologists can be distinguished.
Because there are a total of 810 images in this set, test_individual_readers.csv
contains 4,050 rows with 810 unique image IDs. test_individual_readers.csv also
contains a total of 19 columns. In addition to image ID, patient ID, and reader
ID, there is a column for normal/abnormal, a column for each of the 14 findings,
and a column for Other indicating other abnormal findings are present (outside
of the 14 specified). A cell value of YES means "present" and NO means "absent".

test_labels.csv contains the ground truth labels used to evaluate the deep
learning system in the Scientific Reports paper. Each row contains the ground
truth labels for a single image ID, and each image ID only appears in a single
row, for a total of 810 rows. test_labels.csv has the same columns as
test_individual_readers.csv, but without a "reader ID" column. To obtain these
labels, three of the five radiologists who labeled this set were chosen at
random to be the "ground truth radiologists" (the other two were used as points
of comparison). These "ground truth radiologists" have reader IDs of
"4343882785", "4343883593", and "4343883996". A majority vote was used to
determine the final label for the normal/abnormal label and the final label for
each particular finding. The final label for the Other column was determined to
be YES if a majority of radiologists selected that a finding outside of the 14
was present, or if a majority of radiologists indicated that the image was
abnormal, but no single finding had a majority of radiologists indicate was
present.

When using these labels, include the following citation:

> Zaid Nabulsi, Andrew Sellergren, Shahar Jamshy, Charles Lau, Eddie Santos,
> Atilla P. Kiraly, Wenxing Ye, Jie Yang, Sahar Kazemzadeh, Jin Yu, Raju
> Kalidindi, Mozziyar Etemadi, Florencia Garcia Vicente, David Melnick, Greg S.
> Corrado, Lily Peng, Krish Eswaran, Daniel Tse, Neeral Beladia, Yun Liu,
> Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen, Shravya Shetty, Deep Learning for Distinguishing Normal
> versus Abnormal Chest Radiographs and Generalization to Two Unseen Diseases
> Tuberculosis and COVID-19, Scientific Reports, 2021.
> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93967-2

For more information on the License and Attribution of the NIH Chest x-ray
dataset, see License and attribution.

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Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under
the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies.
Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2023-05-23 UTC.

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