www.trendmicro.com Open in urlscan Pro
96.16.156.66  Public Scan

Form analysis
3 forms found in the DOM

<form class="main-menu-search" aria-label="Search Trend Micro">
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<form class="main-menu-search" aria-label="Search Trend Micro">
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<form class="acsb-form" data-acsb-search="form" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="#" method="POST"> <input type="text" tabindex="0" name="acsb_search" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Unclear content? Search in dictionary..."
    aria-label="Unclear content? Search in dictionary..."> <i class="acsbi-search"></i> <i class="acsbi-chevron_down"></i> </form>

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Cuba Ransomware Group’s New Variant Found Using Optimized Infection Techniques

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CUBA RANSOMWARE GROUP’S NEW VARIANT FOUND USING OPTIMIZED INFECTION TECHNIQUES

Trend Micro Research observed the resurgence of the Cuba ransomware group that
launched a new malware variant using different infection techniques compared to
past iterations. We discuss our initial findings in this report.

By: Don Ovid Ladores June 08, 2022 Read time: 3 min (799 words)

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cuba ransomware is a malware family that has been seasonally detected since it
was first observed in February 2020. It resurfaced in November 2021 based on the
FBI’s official notice, and has reportedly attacked 49 organizations in five
critical infrastructure sectors, amassing at least US$ 43.9 million in ransom
payments.  

We observed Cuba ransomware’s resurgence in March and April this year. Our
monitoring showed that the malware authors seem to be pushing some updates to
the current binary of a new variant. The samples we examined in March and April
used BUGHATCH, a custom downloader that the malicious actor did not employ in
previous variants specifically for the staging phase of the infection routine.

In late April we also noticed another variant of the ransomware, this time
targeting two organizations based in Asia. This blog entry focuses on our
analysis of the latest samples uncovered from this period.


While the updates to Cuba ransomware did not change much in terms of overall
functionality, we have reason to believe that the updates aim to optimize its
execution, minimize unintended system behavior, and provide technical support to
the ransomware victims if they choose to negotiate.


Our analysis of the new variant revealed that the malicious actor added some
processes and services to terminate the following:


 * MySQL
 * MySQL80
 * SQLSERVERAGENT
 * MSSQLSERVER
 * SQLWriter
 * SQLTELEMETRY
 * MSDTC
 * SQLBrowser
 * sqlagent.exe
 * sqlservr.exe
 * sqlwriter.exe
 * sqlceip.exe
 * msdtc.exe
 * sqlbrowser.exe
 * vmcompute
 * vmms
 * vmwp.exe
 * vmsp.exe
 * outlook.exe
 * MSExchangeUMCR
 * MSExchangeUM
 * MSExchangeTransportLogSearch
 * MSExchangeTransport
 * MSExchangeThrottling
 * MSExchangeSubmission
 * MSExchangeServiceHost
 * MSExchangeRPC
 * MSExchangeRepl
 * MSExchangePOP3BE
 * MSExchangePop3
 * MSExchangeNotificationsBroker
 * MSExchangeMailboxReplication
 * MSExchangeMailboxAssistants
 * MSExchangeIS
 * MSExchangeIMAP4BE
 * MSExchangeImap4
 * MSExchangeHMRecovery
 * MSExchangeHM
 * MSExchangeFrontEndTransport
 * MSExchangeFastSearch
 * MSExchangeEdgeSync
 * MSExchangeDiagnostics
 * MSExchangeDelivery
 * MSExchangeDagMgmt
 * MSExchangeCompliance
 * MSExchangeAntispamUpdate
 * Microsoft.Exchange.Store.Worker.exe

 

Figure 1. Screenshot of the list of processes and services that the Cuba
ransomware seeks to terminate

Another apparent change is the expansion of the safelisted directories and file
extensions that it will avoid encrypting:

Directory Safelist:

 * \windows\
 * \program files\microsoft office\
 * \program files (x86)\microsoft office\
 * \program files\avs\
 * \program files (x86)\avs\
 * \$recycle.bin\
 * \boot\
 * \recovery\
 * \system volume information\
 * \msocache\
 * \users\all users\
 * \users\default user\
 * \users\default\
 * \temp\
 * \inetcache\
 * \google\

Extension Safelist:

 * .exe
 * .dll
 * .sys
 * .ini
 * .lnk
 * .vbm
 * .cuba

Figure 2. Array of directories it excludes from encryption

We compared the new variant used in late April 2022 to the previous ones and
found that the former did not have all the commands or functions that came with
the latter. The malicious actors only retained two commands in the new one that
are directory- or location-related phrases. These are as follows:

 * local
 * network

Notably, the wording of the ransom note used in the latest variant (see Figure
4) is different from the previous one that the malicious actors used in the
samples we analyzed in March this year, but the onion site indicated in both
ransom notes is the same. The ransom note used in late April 2022 explicitly
states that they will publish exfiltrated data on their Tor site if the victims
refuse to negotiate after three days, an apparent use of the double extortion
technique. The ransomware gang did not clearly state the threat of publication
of stolen data in the ransom note dropped in March 2022 (see Figure 3).

Figure 3. Cuba ransomware’s ransom note retrieved from samples that we analyzed
in March 2022

Another new feature of the latest ransom note is the addition of quTox, a means
for technical support to the ransomware victims to facilitate ransom payment
negotiation.

Figure 4. Cuba ransomware’s ransom note retrieved from samples analyzed in late
April 2022, with mention of quTox as technical support to facilitate ransom
payment negotiations

We are still investigating the latest set of samples and have yet to establish
the entire infection chain for the new Cuba ransomware variant. As mentioned,
the indicators that were commonly seen in most of the recent infections were not
present in the latest samples we saw. Moreover, our detections of new samples in
May suggest that Cuba ransomware’s attacks will persist in the coming months,
possibly with more updates to the malware that are par for the course.

Recommendations

As new malware variants emerge, a proactive cybersecurity stance is important to
ensure that organizations are protected against modern ransomware threats. To
defend systems against similar attacks, organizations can establish security
frameworks that systematically allocate resources based on an enterprise’s
needs. 

Consider following the security frameworks established by the Center of Internet
Security and the National Institute of Standards and Technology when developing
your own cybersecurity strategies. The frameworks they created help security
teams to mitigate risks and minimize exposure to threats. Implementing the best
practices discussed in their respective frameworks can save organizations the
time and effort when they customize their own. Their frameworks guide
organizations through the whole process of planning while providing suggestions
on measures that need to be established first.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

SHA256 Trend Micro Detection
89288de628b402621007c7ebb289233e7568307fb12a33aac7e834504c17b4af 
Ransom.Win32.BACUCRYPT.YPCD2T

Tags
Endpoints | Ransomware | Research | Articles, News, Reports


AUTHORS

 * Don Ovid Ladores
   
   Threats Analyst

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    of a button. Animations controlled by the interface include videos, GIFs,
    and CSS flashing transitions.
 4. Content highlighting – users can choose to emphasize essential elements such
    as links and titles. They can also choose to highlight focused or hovered
    elements only.
 5. Audio muting – users with hearing devices may experience headaches or other
    issues due to automatic audio playing. This option lets users mute the
    entire website instantly.
 6. Cognitive disorders – we utilize a search engine linked to Wikipedia and
    Wiktionary, allowing people with cognitive disorders to decipher meanings of
    phrases, initials, slang, and others.
 7. Additional functions – we allow users to change cursor color and size, use a
    printing mode, enable a virtual keyboard, and many other functions.

Assistive technology and browser compatibility

We aim to support as many browsers and assistive technologies as possible, so
our users can choose the best fitting tools for them, with as few limitations as
possible. Therefore, we have worked very hard to be able to support all major
systems that comprise over 95% of the user market share, including Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge, JAWS, and NVDA
(screen readers), both for Windows and MAC users.

Notes, comments, and feedback

Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their
needs, there may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are
in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological
solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our
accessibility, adding, updating, improving its options and features, and
developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal
level of accessibility following technological advancements. If you wish to
contact the website’s owner, please use the website's form

Hide Accessibility Interface? Please note: If you choose to hide the
accessibility interface, you won't be able to see it anymore, unless you clear
your browsing history and data. Are you sure that you wish to hide the
interface?
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