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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives,
Protecting People

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 * About CMV
 * Babies Born with CMV
 * CMV and Hearing Loss
 * What CDC is Doing
 * CMV Awareness Month
 * For Healthcare Providers
   * BACK
     For Healthcare Providers
   * Clinical Overview
   * Congenital CMV Infection
   * Laboratory Testing
   * Home
 * CMV Resource Center
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     CMV Resource Center
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection Home
 1. CDC
 2. CMV Home




ABOUT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

About CMV
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Related Pages

 * Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus for people of all ages; however, a
   healthy person’s immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness.
 * The COVID-19 pandemic is changing rapidly and continues to affect communities
   across the United States differently.  If you have questions about keeping
   your families safe and healthy during the coronavirus pandemic, please visit
   the CDC’s coronavirus website and the People with Disabilities web page.

In the United States, nearly one in three children is already infected with CMV
by age five. Over half of adults have been infected with CMV by age 40. Once CMV
is in a person’s body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. A person can
also be re-infected with a different strain (variety) of the virus. Most people
with CMV infection have no symptoms and aren’t aware that they have been
infected.

Signs and Symptoms

In some cases, infection in healthy people can cause mild illness that may
include:

 * Fever
 * Sore throat
 * Fatigue
 * Swollen glands

Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problem).

People with weakened immune systems who get CMV can have more serious symptoms
affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems.
The most common long-term health problem in babies born with congenital CMV
infection is hearing loss, which may be detected soon after birth or may develop
later in childhood.

Transmission

People with CMV may pass the virus in body fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood,
tears, semen, and breast milk. CMV is spread from an infected person in the
following ways:

 * From direct contact with saliva or urine, especially from babies and young
   children
 * Through sexual contact
 * From breast milk to nursing infants
 * Through transplanted organs and blood transfusions

Diagnosis and Treatment

Blood tests can be used to diagnose CMV infection in adults who have symptoms.
However, blood is not the best fluid to test newborns with suspected CMV
infection. Tests of saliva or urine are preferred for newborns.

Healthy people who are infected with CMV usually do not require medical
treatment. Medications are available to treat CMV infection in people who have
weakened immune systems and babies with signs of congenital CMV. For babies with
signs of congenital CMV infection at birth, antiviral medications, primarily
valganciclovir, may improve hearing and developmental outcomes. Valganciclovir
can have serious side effects and has only been studied in babies with signs of
congenital CMV infection. There is limited information on the effectiveness of
valganciclovir to treat infants with hearing loss alone.


Last Reviewed: August 18, 2020
Source: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of
Viral Diseases
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home CMV Home
 * About CMV
 * Babies Born with CMV
 * CMV and Hearing Loss
 * What CDC is Doing
 * CMV Awareness Month
 * For Healthcare Providers expand
   * Clinical Overview
   * Congenital CMV Infection
   * Laboratory Testing
 * CMV Resource Center expand
   * For Pregnant Women and Parents
   * For Healthcare Providers
   * Graphic and Web Buttons
   * References

Related Links
 * Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives
 * Basics about Hearing Loss in Children
 * CMV Facts for Pregnant Women and Parents


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