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IMS2022



NEWS | JANUARY 12, 2023




PROFESSOR RECEIVES NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GRANT TO IMPROVE 6G ACCESS FOR
ALL



In collaboration with government and industry partners, Professor Lingjia Liu
will develop more resilient wireless networks for the future.

We live in a world that is becoming more and more connected. In fact, there are
6.648 billion smartphone users in the world, which translates to more than 83
percent of the global population. Despite such a large number of mobile devices
and users, connectivity can still pose problems for consumers in rural areas.

Lingjia Liu, a professor in the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering and director of Wireless@VT, has been awarded an $800,000 grant by
the National Science Foundation (NSF) to help create next generation (NextG)
mobile broadband networks that increase the availability of access to users by
providing seamless wireless coverage and supporting varying service
requirements.

This research is part of the NSF’s Resilient and Intelligent NextG Systems
program, which combines resources and support from government agencies such as
the NSF, the Department of Defense, and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology with major U.S.-based telecommunications companies such as Apple,
Google, IBM, Nokia, and Microsoft. The goal is to focus exclusively on NextG
wireless, networking, and computing systems that may have potential impacts for
the future of NextG standards.

To improve network resiliency, Liu will develop the fundamental research
necessary to integrate and operate terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks,
termed Ground and Air Integrated Networks (GAINs). The project will focus on the
use of artificial intelligence and advanced machine learning algorithms to
improve communication and computing efficiencies under this extremely dynamic
environment.

Terrestrial networks, also called ground networks, include marine and submarine
servers, cloud servers, fiber optic cables, ground stations, and any other
connection located on the ground or in the water. These networks have provided
connection for several decades and have seen improvements over the last several
years; however, signals at ground level can be blocked and are vulnerable to
natural disasters or artificial infrastructure damages.

Non-terrestrial networks include both aerial and space networks. The aerial
network includes high-altitude platforms, such as aircrafts and airships, that
are situated in the stratosphere and low-altitude platforms, such as drone
swarms. Aerial networks enhance communication performance because of their
flexible mobility, but their battery capabilities are limited.

Space networks, also non-terrestrial, support global information exchange and
act as a “last resort” for communicating in remote areas. Computational
resources in the space network are limited, but because of their accessibility
and ability to transfer data to other devices quickly, computation tasks can be
offloaded to ground and aerial networks.

Recognizing that each of these networks have unique benefits as well as
limitations, Liu’s research will focus on integrating the ground and
non-terrestrial networks to create the GAINs. Developing a solution that allows
each of the networks to complement each other will provide users with improved
and flexible services.

The research team includes Robert Calderbank, a professor of computer science at
Duke University, who brings a different perspective because of his industry
background. Before joining academia, Calderbank was the vice president for
research at AT&T. Yuejie Chi, a professor in the electrical and computer
engineering department at Carnegie Mellon University, contributes expertise in
machine learning, data science, optimization, and statistical signal processing.

A group of Virginia Tech students will be working on the project, along with
students from the other universities. Over the course of the next three years,
these students will provide assistance by digging into a lot of the detailed
research with guidance from their academic mentors like Liu and from the
affiliated industry partners.

Shadab Mahboob, a Ph.D. student working alongside Liu, is motivated by the idea
of helping bring more resilient wireless networks to life.

"This integration of non-terrestrial platforms like satellites to existing
terrestrial networks is entirely new. It's something that doesn't currently
exist — even in 5G networks," said Mahboob. "The accessibility of this kind of
network coverage is going to be revolutionary. Even in times of natural
disasters or at isolated remote places, Non-terrestrial networks are going to
allow for communication, which is going to truly change lives."

Liu, Calderbank, and Chi are already collaborating on the design of wireless
networks using machine learning. Their approach departs from traditional methods
that use mathematical models.

“Machine learning has been adopted in many fields; however, NextG systems are
very different,” Liu said. “Because the non-terrestrial network is highly
dynamic and heterogeneous, real-time and resilient machine learning is key in
this project.”

To facilitate such features, the researchers will incorporate a new 2D
modulation technique that transforms information carried from one communication
source to another. This waveform is being considered in 6G technology and
research due to its robustness in high-speed velocity scenarios.

Liu is most excited about the opportunity to collaborate with academic partners,
industry, and government to make these NextG systems a reality. In fact, the
Resilient and Intelligent NextG Systems program undergoes three rounds of review
— by the NSF, industry, and the Department of Defense — to ensure that the
funded projects are relevant and will have a high chance to impact NextG
technology.

“Since NextG will be governed by industry and industry standards, it is critical
for academia to work and collaborate with industry partners,” said Liu. “By
collaborating with industry partners, we will know what kind of problems are
relevant and are important for NextG users. Our hope is that the whole wireless
community will benefit from this research.”



Source: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

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